Introduction to the work:
Yuefu in the Han Dynasty was originally an official position in charge of music in ancient times. There was a "Yuefu Order" in the Qin Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty. The Yuefu in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was large in scale, and its function was to take charge of the music used in the court and collect folk songs and music. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, all poems sung by Yuefu organs in Han Dynasty were called Yuefu poems.
The basic principle of Han Yuefu's creation is "feeling sad and happy, starting from things" (Art History and Literature awarded by Han Dynasty). It inherits the fine tradition of realism in The Book of Songs and reflects the social reality of Han Dynasty extensively and profoundly. The most outstanding artistic achievement of Han Yuefu lies in its narrative. Secondly, he is good at selecting typical details and expressing his character through his words and deeds. Its forms are five-character, seven-character and miscellaneous words, and it is particularly noteworthy that a number of mature five-character poems have been produced in Han Yuefu. The vast majority of Yuefu poems handed down from the Han Dynasty have been included in Yuefu poems compiled by Guo Maoqian, a Song Dynasty poet.
Original text:
The trees in the garden are lush, and the crystal dew rises in the sun.
Spring fills the earth with hope, and everything presents a scene of prosperity.
I am always afraid that when the cold autumn comes, the trees in Ye Er will turn yellow and the grass will wither.
The river runs to the sea, and when will it return to the west?
A lazy youth, a lousy age.
Precautions:
This poem is selected from Han Yuefu. Yuefu is a royal musical organ established since the Qin Dynasty. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a large number of poems were collected from the people, which were rich in content and wide in subject matter. This poem is one of them.
Long song line: the name of the Han Yuefu tune. Sunflower: an ancient vegetable. X: I did it. Yangchun: It's spring, with plenty of sunshine and abundant dew. B: spread and spread. Deze: Enze. Autumn Festival: Autumn. Festivals, seasons, festivals. Yellow: yellow. Flower: the same as "flower". Decline: For rhyme, it can be read as archaic. Hundreds of rivers: countless rivers. Sichuan, rivers. Acts 23: In vain, useless.
Today's translation:
Sunflowers in the garden are lush and soaring in the crystal morning sun.
Spring scatters hope all over the earth, and everything shows prosperity.
I am always afraid that the cold autumn will come, the leaves will turn yellow and the grass will wither.
When can a hundred rivers run to the sea and return to the west?
If young people don't work hard in time, they will only regret it for a lifetime when they are old.
Appreciate:
This poem begins with "Sunflowers in the Garden", and then the water flows to the sea and never returns, indicating that time is like running water and never returns. Finally, we should persuade people to cherish their youth and work hard, and don't wait until they are old to regret it. This poem uses things to express meaning. First, it uses the sunflower in the garden as a metaphor. "Green" means it is flourishing. In fact, under the sunshine and rain in the whole spring, everything is scrambling to grow. Why is this happening? Because they are all afraid that autumn is coming, they all know that autumn wind will wither a hundred herbs. The rhythm of life in nature is like this, and so is life? If a person doesn't work hard when he is in a good time, it will be too late to regret when he is old. This poem thinks that life is fleeting from the beautiful scenery of youth in front of us, and encourages young people to cherish time, make warnings and inspire people to forge ahead.
Brief comments:
This is a famous Yuefu poem in Han Dynasty. The poem uses a series of metaphors to show that we should cherish time and work hard as soon as possible. The first four sentences of this poem paint us a beautiful spring scene. There are dewdrops on the green sunflowers in the garden. After sunrise, the dew dried and the sunflowers were bathed in the sun. Everything in the world is blessed by the rain and dew of nature in spring, shining with unparalleled brilliance. However, when autumn comes, they will lose their bright luster, turn yellow and fade. Everything has ups and downs, and people also have a process from adolescence to old age. Time is like the water of a big river, which flows eastward into the sea and never returns. If you don't cherish time and work hard when you are young, you will only be sad when you are old!
[reflection Wei] Cao Zhi
Boil beans and burn beans,
The beans are crying in the kettle.
Originally born from the same root,
What's the hurry?
According to legend, Cao Zhi's brother Wei Wendi asked him to write a seven-step poem.
Otherwise, he will kill his head. Cao Zhi wrote this poem angrily. Beans and beanstalks are the same.
What comes out of Minister Gen is like brothers and sisters. The beanstalk cooks the beans in the pot.
I cried. The metaphor of elder brother forcing younger brother is very apt and touching.
[A Brief Analysis of Seven-step Poems]
As for the author of the seven-step poem, Xie Lingyun once commented: "There is only one stone in the world, and Cao Zijian monopolizes eight fights. I have to fight, and the world is divided into one battle. " That is to say, if the talent in the world is a burden (stone), Cao Zhi accounts for eight fights, and eight fights are a burden. (Stone) Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long Cai lue" also said: "Zi Jian is clever and talented, and his poems are beautiful and elegant." Wang Shizhen's "Art Garden" in the Ming Dynasty also said: "Zijian is a beautiful genius. Although he has an eternal reputation, he actually avoids his father and brother. Why? It's too high and too fancy. " It can be seen that the predecessors have pointed out the characteristics of Cao Zhi's outstanding talent and abnormal endowment, and the best example of his talent is this seven-step poem.
There are many legends about the seven-step poem. According to Shi Shuo Xin Yu Literature, Cao Pi has always held a grudge against his brilliant brother Cao Zhi since he proclaimed himself emperor. On one occasion, he ordered Cao Zhi to write a poem within seven steps, or he would be executed if he failed to do so. But before his voice fell, Cao Zhi answered six songs, which is the first one above. Because it is limited to seven steps, it is called "seven-step poem" by later generations. It is said that Cao Pi was "deeply ashamed" after hearing this, not only because Cao Zhi showed extraordinary talent in poetry, but also because the poem showed that brothers are brothers, and they should not be suspicious and resentful, which naturally made the emperor feel ashamed.
The Seven Steps Poetry is written purely metaphorically. Its language is simple, its meaning is clear, and it needs no more explanation. Just a little unclog some words and expressions, and the meaning is self-evident. "Douchi" in the second sentence refers to Douchi that has been filtered and cooked to make sauce. "Fen" refers to beanstalk, which is dried and used as firewood. The powder is cooked with beans from the same root. Metaphor brothers are too tight, give up on themselves and violate heaven, which is naturally unacceptable. The poet's clever metaphor and clever language blurted out in an instant, which was really amazing. For thousands of years, the word "born from the same root, why bother to fry each other" has become a common language to persuade brothers not to kill each other, which shows that this poem is widely circulated among the people.
The first two sentences of the Seven-Step Poem are "Boil beans and burn tofu, and beans weep in the kettle", and the sharp contradiction between "tofu" and "bean" and the cruel persecution of tofu to beans are written by "burning" and "weeping". The last two sentences are "born from the same root, why speculate with each other!" Make the finishing point and prompt the theme of the poem. The word "the same root" is a pun. On the surface, it means that "glutinous rice" and "beans" grow on the same root. Actually, they were born to the same parents as xelloss, and asked xelloss why he was so anxious about his younger brother and sister.
The metaphor in the seven-step poem is very appropriate, simple and vivid. Although it is still difficult to determine whether this poem itself is really written by Cao Zhi, it reflects the internal contradictions of Cao Wei's ruling group with vivid images, and it is indeed a good poem.
Appreciation of Wang Changling's Seizure
The moon was bright in Qin dynasty, closed in Han dynasty, and the Long March did not return.
But let Longcheng fly in ② and don't teach Huma to go to Yinshan ③.
Make an appreciative comment
All the famous poems in history have unique ideas and artistic charm. The beauty of Wang Changling's famous frontier fortress lies in: Although the space is small, the capacity is huge. The poet made a high artistic summary of the frontier war life at that time with heroic brushwork. Through the clever management of time and space, and the close combination of scenery writing, narration, lyricism and discussion, he has cast rich and complex thoughts and feelings in four poems, making the artistic conception of the poems bold and far-reaching, exciting and intriguing.
In the first sentence of the poem, the words "bright moon in Qin dynasty, amorous feelings in Han dynasty" show a magnificent picture: a bright moon shines on the border. The poet only used a lot of sketches without detailed description, but it just showed the vastness of the frontier and the depression of the scenery, rendering a lonely and desolate atmosphere. What is particularly wonderful is that the poet decorated the moon and customs with the words "Qin and Han Dynasties", which made this picture of the moon approaching customs become a painting in time and endowed Wan Li with a long sense of border history. This is a "stroke of genius" produced by the poet's deep thinking about the long-term border war! Then, the poet touched the scene and wrote the second sentence, "People did not return on the Long March". This sentence is both narrative and lyrical. In his deep sigh, he hinted that the frontier defense was troubled at that time, which showed the poet's deep sympathy for the soldiers who had been guarding for a long time. This sentence points out the remoteness of the frontier fortress from the perspective of space. In this way, the poet created an image interwoven with time and space, taking readers to the frontier thousands of miles away and introducing them into the long river of history to recall, experience and think. How many secrets these two sentences contain! The border between Qin and Han dynasties was still under the moon, and the war between the two sides had been going on. How many foot soldiers spilled blood on the battlefield and died without returning; How many soldiers are still guarding the border and cannot return? The poet, with the help of the vast and long-standing images of time and space, shows the pain and disaster brought by the war to the people of all dynasties since Qin and Han Dynasties. Far-sighted. It can be said that it is "prosperous and lofty".
Because the war caused people's tragedy. So, how to stop and end this tragedy? The poet gave the correct answer in three or four sentences. He appealed to the foot soldiers who had been defending for a long time, hoping that in the future, a famous soldier like Li Guang would lead the soldiers to defeat the enemy and win, so that the enemy would not dare to invade again. "But Make Dragon City Fly in+Don't teach Huma to cross the Yinshan Mountain" is a combination of lyricism and discussion, which directly expresses the desire of border guards to consolidate border defense and defend the country, and is full of patriotic passion and national pride. It's magnificent, powerful and golden! At the same time, these two sentences are ironic, showing the poet's dissatisfaction with the improper use of personnel by the court and the corruption and incompetence of the generals. There is a moral that makes people think endlessly.
It has always been highly respected because of "the plug". Li Panlong, a poet in the Ming Dynasty, even praised it as the masterpiece of the four-line quatrains in the Tang Dynasty, and the quatrains in the Tang Dynasty compiled by Yang Shen ranked first. These comments may not be appropriate, but they are indeed masterpieces of the perfect combination of ideology and artistry.
To annotate ...
① Sentence in Qin Dynasty: China built the Great Wall in Qin and Han Dynasties to defend against the invasion of Xiongnu. Although "Qin" and "Han" here literally belong to "Moon" and "Guan", they refer to the same thing in meaning, that is, the bright moon in Qin and Han dynasties followed the customs of Qin and Han dynasties.
(2) Longcheng: Lulongcheng (in present-day Hebei Province) was the seat of Beiping County in the Han Dynasty and Beiping County in the Tang Dynasty.
General Fei: Li Guang, famous in the Western Han Dynasty. He used to be the magistrate of Youbeiping County, and repelled the Xiongnu invasion many times, so he was called "Flying General".
③ Yinshan Mountain: a mountain range across the southern border of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. During the Han Dynasty, Xiongnu often invaded the Han Dynasty according to Yinshan Mountain.
Appreciation of famous Tang poems was originally published by Beijing October Literature and Art Publishing House,1990,65438+February.