Wang Wei was a very famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, who was called a poet. He is called Wang Youcheng because his office is a senior official.
Life: According to textual research, he was the number one scholar in the ninth year of Kaiyuan (72 1) at the age of 2 1.
In the spring of the ninth year of Kaiyuan, after Wang Weizhong won the top prize, he changed from Brown to Tai Lecheng and started his career.
Immediately, because the actor who jumped the yellow lion in the department violated the ban, he was implicated and joined the army for Jeju justice. He left Beijing for Jeju that autumn. Jeju Island is located in the southwest of Renping, Shandong Province. Wang Wei stayed there for more than four years.
In the spring of the 14th year of Kaiyuan (726), he resigned from the judicial army and left Jeju.
In the seventeenth year of Kaiyuan (729), I went to Chang 'an and lived in Chang 'an for several years. When he first arrived in Chang 'an, he began to learn local education from Daoguang Zen master of Dajianfu Temple and met Meng Haoran, a poet.
Although Wang Wei advised Meng Haoran to live in seclusion in Lao Lu, his own desire to be an official was not completely extinguished, and he sought an official again because a famous minister was in power. When he lived in Chang 'an, that is, at the age of 34, he went to Luoyang to present poems to Zhang Jiuling, hoping to attract him, and then he hid in Songshan. The following year, Bai had the right to collect the remains and worked as a court official for two years, supervising the empire.
At the age of 40, he moved to a temple to inherit the history of the empire.
Middle-aged people are either hermits or officials, and their positions are filled by the left and the right. Although my rank is a little high, I am still an idle official of the attendants, and I am always dissatisfied. So another 10 year passed.
When Wang Wei was 50 years old, Ding Mu was worried and left Chaoping to live in Wangchuan. After serving, she worked as a doctor in the Ministry of Education for several years. What frustrated his career even more was that he was caught in the rebels in the Anshi Rebellion and offended the Tang Dynasty. In June of the 15th year of Tianbao reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (756), An Lushan rebels were trapped in Tongguan and then invaded Chang 'an. Xuanzong fled to Sichuan, but Wang Wei was captured before he could escape.
In September and October of the second year of Zhide (757), Tang Jun successively recovered Chang 'an, Luoyang, Wang Wei and other officials who lost power and influence, all of whom were imprisoned and then taken to Chang 'an.
Wang Wei is 57 years old, approaching his twilight years. Soon I received Prince Zhongyun, added a bachelor's degree in Jixian Hall, and then moved to Prince Zhongyu to set up a book.
In the summer of the first year of Shang Yuan (760), 60-year-old Wang Wei was transferred to Shangshu Youcheng, which was the highest and last official position in his life. He only served for one year and died in July of the following year, so later people called him Wang Youcheng.
Su Shi
Su Shi had been studying in Meishan, his hometown, until he was twenty. In the first year of Renzong Jiaku (AD 1056), he and his younger brother Su Zhe left Meishan with their father for the first time and rushed to Beijing to take the imperial examination. The two brothers who successfully passed the preliminary examination this year took part in the imperial examination the following spring. Su Shi was admitted to the imperial examination in one fell swoop, and Ouyang Xiu was relieved at that time. Later, Su Shi and Su Zhe both worshipped Ouyang Xiu as their teachers, and Su Shi and Su Zhe took the system examination under the recommendation of their teacher Ouyang Xiu. An exam was held this year, and a man of noble character was able to speak frankly and was very modest. Su Shi took the third grade and Su Zhe took the fourth grade. The results of this department are divided into five grades. There are no examples of taking the first and second grades in the Song Dynasty, and the third grade is usually the highest score.
On November 19th, 6th year of Jiayou, Su Shi was appointed as a judge of Fengxiang Prefecture, that is, an assistant magistrate, equivalent to a deputy magistrate.
In the winter of the second year of Yingzong Zhiping (AD 1065), after Fengxiang's term expired, Su Shi couldn't wait to rush back to the first year of Xining, Kaifeng, the capital where his father and brother lived. Zong Shen ascended the throne, and Su Shi left his hometown after mourning. The following year, he became an official in charge of the official language book. Shi's political thought is conservative. Although he was dissatisfied with the social situation at that time, he did not fully support Wang Anshi's reform thought and falsely accused Su Shi of selling illicit salt.
In the fourth year of Xining (A.D. 107 1), Su Shi, at the age of 36, saw that the overall situation of political reform had been decided, and it was useless to oppose it, and he did not want to get caught up in the vortex of sectarian struggle, so he asked to be transferred to Hangzhou (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). In the seventh year of Xining (AD 1074), Su Shi voluntarily moved to Mizhou (now Shandong Province), where he created famous literary works such as Yue Tai Ji and Shui Diao Ge Tou. Mid-Autumn Festival pregnant child tour, Jiangchengzi? Hunting in Michigan
Su Shi was later transferred to Xuzhou (now Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province) and Huzhou (now Xing Wu County, Zhejiang Province). In the second year of Yuanfeng (AD 1079), in the third month of his transfer to Huzhou, one day, he suddenly broke into an imperial envoy of the imperial court and was arrested in Beijing. It turned out to be a group of court officials who had bad blood with Su Shi. In order to please Wang Anshi, he accused him of distorting the facts in his poems and slandering the court, and asked the emperor to order judicial officials to convict him. Soon, Su Shi was sent to prison, which is the famous "Wutai Poetry Case".
He wrote many poems to satirize the new law and interrogated Su Shi for more than 100 days. Li Ding, Su Shi's political opponent, and others tried their best to accuse Luo Zhi in an attempt to kill Su Shi. Their despicable behavior aroused many people's dissatisfaction. Su Shi was only sentenced to "satirizing politics". On February 28th of that year, Emperor Zongshen sentenced him to exile in Huangzhou (now Huanggang County, Hubei Province), and Su Shi was finally saved from death.
In the third year of Yuanfeng (AD 1080), Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou to help others, and cultivated the land in Dongpo personally, which had a deep affection for this once overgrown place. He praised this Dongpo as a rocky and difficult road. He should walk optimistically on the bumpy road of life and not avoid difficulties and dangers.
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Zongshen ordered Su Shi to leave Huangzhou and changed Ruzhou (now runan county, Henan) to Ying Yongzhu.
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Su Shi was forty-nine years old, and Song Shenzong rehabilitated him. He was appointed as the governor of Dengzhou (now Penglai County, Shandong Province), and only ten days later, he was called by the court to serve as a doctor of rites. In the twelfth month of this year, he was transferred back to Kaifeng, Kyoto, as a living person.
In the second year, Su Shi was promoted to the position of a Chinese calligrapher, a bachelor of Hanlin, a master of Chinese studies and a part-time scholar.
The Luo Party led by Cheng Yi, a master of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, is at loggerheads with the Shu Party led by Su Shi and others, and the Shuo Party is also involved, but it is also entangled. Factional disputes have intensified, even involving defamation of private affairs.
After four years of drought, Su Shi wanted to leave this troubled place, so he asked Ye to be transferred to Hangzhou as governor.
During his tenure as governor, Su Shi built the West Lake Su Causeway, which is as famous as Bai Juyi's Bai Causeway. In six years, Yuan You was named a bachelor of Hanlin and served as a squire. However, he was rejected by the radical Shuo Party. Within a few months, he was transferred to Yingzhou (now Fuyang City, Anhui Province) and left the court. The following year, he was transferred to Yangzhou (Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province). In September of the seventh year of Yuan You (A.D. 1092), Su Shi was recalled to the imperial court and became the minister of war. 1 1 month, was promoted to the position of Shangshu, the highest position since Su Shi took office.
In September 2008, Su Shi became the governor of Dingzhou (now Dingxian County, Hebei Province).
Shao Shengyuan (AD 1094) In April, 59-year-old Su Shi was accused of slandering the imperial court and was demoted as the governor of Yingzhou (Yingde County, Guangdong Province). In June, on the way to Yingzhou, he was ordered to be exiled to Huizhou (now Huizhou City, Guangdong Province).
Su Shi was demoted to Danzhou, which is known as the ends of the earth.
In the first month of Fu Yuan's third year (A.D. 1 100), Zhezong died, Hui Zong acceded to the throne, granted amnesty to the world, and the empress dowager was regent, trying to promote reconciliation between the old and new factions. In May, Su Shi was pardoned for the crime of exile overseas, and was promoted to the view of Chengdu Jade Bureau.
I crossed Qiongzhou Strait in June and returned to the north. When I was near the Han River in June, he chanted, "My heart is like this, and the moon is full of rivers."
I have been ill because of the fatigue of the journey. In the first year of Guo Jing, Zhong Jian (A.D.11), Su Shi died of illness in Changzhou. On July 28th, Su Shi died, and a generation of talented people fell, at the age of 66.
liu zongyuan
In the spring of the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), 20-year-old Liu Zongyuan was admitted to the earth in the senior high school entrance examination. At the same time, his good friend Liu Yuxi was also admitted to the earth. In the twelfth year of Zhenyuan (796), Liu Zongyuan was appointed as the secretary of the provincial school, which was regarded as stepping into the officialdom-in the seventeenth year of Zhenyuan (80 1), Liu Zongyuan was transferred to Lantianwei, and two years later he was transferred back to Chang 'an as the censor. At that time, he was 3 1 year old and was the same officer as Han Yu. Although his rank is very low, his authority is no less than that of the empire. -Wang He Wang's Yong Zhenguan Reform failed for only half a year, but it was a progressive movement that shook the whole country. The measures taken dealt a blow to the autocratic eunuchs and separatist forces in the buffer region at that time, benefiting the country and the people and conforming to the historical development.
Wang He and Wang Yong Zhenguan's political reform failed only for half a year, but it was a progressive movement that shook the whole country. The measures taken dealt a blow to the autocratic eunuchs and the separatist forces in the buffer region at that time, benefiting the country and the people and conforming to the historical development. Liu Zongyuan and his good friend Liu Yuxi were the core figures of this innovation. They were called "Two Kings Liu Liu"-and other reformers were immediately demoted. In August, Xianzong ascended the throne, and in September, Liu Zongyuan was demoted as the secretariat of Shaozhou (now Shaoyang City, Hunan Province) and Sima of Yongzhou (now Lingling City, Hunan Province). Seven people were demoted to Sima at the same time, so history called this incident "two kings and eight horses incident"
After Zongyuan was demoted, his political opponents still refused to let him go. Gossip and personal attacks turned him into a "strange man", and after several years, he kept cursing. This shows the extent to which conservatives dislike him. In Yongzhou, cruel political persecution and hard living environment made Liu Zongyuan sad, angry, depressed and miserable. Coupled with several ruthless fires, his health was seriously damaged, even to the point where his knees trembled when he walked, but he was paralyzed as soon as he sat down. Liu Zongyuan's political ideal was not shaken by all kinds of persecution and hardships he suffered in his relegation career. He clearly stated in his letter: "Although everything was rejected, it was nothing more than the fall of Yongzhou in 10, which was a major turning point in Liu Zongyuan's life. When he was in Beijing, he directly engaged in innovative activities. After arriving in Yongzhou, his struggle turned to 788 books in the field of ideology and culture. Most famous works such as Feudalism, Unofficial Dialect, Heaven Pair and Six Contradictions were completed in Yongzhou. -In the tenth year of Yuanhe (8 15), Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi were recalled to Beijing. But it has not been reused. Due to hatred of Wu and others, he went to Chang 'an in February and announced his demotion in March. Liu Zongyuan was demoted as the secretariat of Liuzhou (now Liuzhou, Guangxi), and Liu Yuxi was the secretariat of Bozhou. Liu Zongyuan thought Bozhou was more difficult than Liuzhou, and Liu Yuxi had an 80-year-old mother to support him, so he wrote to the court several times and asked for an exchange with Liu Yuxi.
Later, because someone helped, Liu Yuxi changed to Lianzhou and Liu Zongyuan went to Liuzhou. He is still determined to use the limited power of the Secretariat to continue the reform in this place and do some good things for the local people. ((A set of measures have been formulated to release handmaiden, and nn it is forbidden for witch doctors in Jianghu to cheat money and harm people; Organize the development of cultural and educational undertakings, set up schools and popularize medicine, so that Liuzhou, which has never dared to drill wells, has successively drilled several wells and solved the drinking water problem. Reclaiming wasteland nn attaches importance to afforestation) = = = Pei Du and Liu Zongyuan are from Hedong. In the fourteenth year of Yuanhe, Xianzong was pardoned for his title. After Pei Du interceded, Xianzong agreed to recall Liu Zongyuan. However, it is too late. Before the imperial edict arrived in Liuzhou, Liu Zongyuan died with a cavity of grief and indignation at the age of 47. Before his death, Liu Zongyuan wrote to his good friend Liu Yuxi and left the manuscript to him. Later, Liu Yuxi compiled the Collection of Liu Zongyuan.
Liu Zongyuan's poems are mostly works after being relegated to Yongzhou, with a wide range of themes and diverse genres. His narrative poems are simple in writing and vivid in description, and his allegorical poems are vivid in image and profound in meaning. Lyrics are better at expressing their feelings euphemistically and profoundly with fresh and cool writing. Donkey of Guizhou, Rat of Yong Family and Feudalism are Liu Zongyuan's most famous political essays. . Political papers such as Six Contradictions and Jinwen advocate meritocracy and oppose hereditary privileges.
Bai Juyi
When Bai Juyi was born, Li Bai had died 10 years, and Du Fu had died for 2 years. The times need great poets, and Bai Juyi came at the right time. He came from a scholarly family and was extremely clever since he was a child. He learned to write poetry at the age of five or six, and he could distinguish rhyme at the age of nine. In addition, his family and society gave him great stimulation and supervision. He studied very hard when he was young. Later, recalling the reading situation at that time, he said, "I study at night and sometimes I study poetry." I haven't slept for a long time, so that my mouth is sour and my elbow is sore. " When I was a teenager, I once lived a life of refuge, and I knew all aspects of society. These reasons created Bai Juyi, an outstanding poet.
At the age of 27, he took part in the provincial examination, was appreciated by Cui Yan, the secretariat of Xuanzhou, and was sent to Chang 'an for an examination the following year. In the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800), he was 29 years old, ranking fourth and being the first scholar. 365-year-old, 438+0, won the top prize in the exam, met Yuan Zhen and others at the same time, and became friends with Yuan Zhen from then on. In the spring of the age of 32, Bai Juyi was awarded the school book lang, which was regarded as a successful career. At the age of 33, he moved from Luoyang to the State of Qin, Bu Juwei, about a hundred miles away from Chang 'an. At the age of 35, he no longer worked as a school book lang, and was later named as a county captain in Zhouzhi. The following year, Zhouzhi County Commandant was transferred to Jinshi Examiner to supplement Jixian Academy. This winter, he was awarded a bachelor's degree in Hanlin. Just before and after he was awarded a bachelor's degree in Hanlin, he married his sister Yang Yuqing. In the third year of Yuanhe (808), he worshipped the left and collected the remains.
Li Jifu, the prime minister at that time, was dissatisfied with Niu Monks, Confucians and others who criticized the failure of state affairs. Bai Juyi, who was newly appointed as a scavenger, went as far as "On the Human System" and said that he was arbitrarily relegated, so he offended Li Stepfather and Li Deyu and his son, and unfortunately fell into the whirlpool of political struggle at that time. Bai Juyi was always pushed out by Li Deyu in the decades-long struggle between Niu and Li, which determined that his life's official career was not smooth. During the gleaning period, he did his duty and repeated current events, which inevitably made the emperor or the powerful minister dissatisfied.
In the winter of the ninth year of Yuanhe (8 14), he was named "Doctor Zuo Zan". Later, he asked the Prime Minister to catch Wu in a hurry because he couldn't get help. He was hated by the Prime Minister and was demoted to Secretary of State. He was also slandered by Wang Ya, a calligrapher in China, and later demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. In Jiangzhou, he claimed to be "a man reduced to the ends of the earth" and made a living by traveling and writing poems.
Bai Juyi lived in Jiangzhou for four years, then moved to Zhongzhou, and was recalled in Yuanhe fifteen years. Xianzong collapsed, and Mu Zong succeeded to the throne, and he was named the Chinese Book Scheeren. Later, he worshipped Dr. Shang Shu, studied the imperial edict, sent doctors to the DPRK, and transferred to Zhu Guo ... At that time, the clique struggle was still fierce, and he was not only powerless, but also "worried all day long" and marveled at "the danger of a trap under the high position". Soon I was disappointed again. Afraid of being slandered by the powerful minister again, he dared not stay in the DPRK for a long time, so he invited Westernization, and went out to make a secretariat of Hangzhou in the second year of Changqing (822), avoiding the cruel court of cronies-escaping from reality and anesthetizing himself. He further sought spiritual support from Buddhism, sought a way of liberation, and anesthetized and comforted himself with the negative thoughts of Buddhism.
Although he was passive, a prostitute, an alcoholic and a Buddhist, he played an important role in caring for the sufferings of the people in Hangzhou. The most famous is to build a lake embankment in Hangzhou to store water and irrigate the fields. In memory of him, people built a dam named "Bai Causeway". In addition, they dug six wells in the city for people to drink.
In May of the 4th year of Changqing (824), his term in Hangzhou expired. In addition to the prince left bastard, Shidong is (poor)
In the second year, except for Suzhou secretariat, he was only in Suzhou secretariat for more than a year, and was exempted from county affairs due to illness. Liu Yuxi went to the state secretariat, and Liu returned to Luoyang with Bai. A year later, Bai Juyi was transferred to the position of assistant minister of punishments and named Jinyang Gongjun. At the age of 58, that is, in the spring of the third year of Daiwa (829), Bai Juyi said that he was ill and refused to come back. Since then, I have never returned, except for Henan Yin, seeking to avoid illness. At the age of 64, he refused to worship except in the same state, changed to a prince of Shaofu, and divided the company into the east capital. Due to negative emotions and health reasons, he doesn't want to be an official anymore. At the age of 60, his son Ali died, which was another blow to the poet. At the age of 73, he opened eight stone beaches in Longmen to facilitate boat trips. He died at the age of 75.
Judging from Bai Juyi's official career, although he is mostly an official, he is always in a state of anxiety and anger. Pipa is a satirical poem written by Juyi in his early days, especially with New Yuefu, Song of Eternal Sorrow and Fu, which is highly valued and admired by Juyi's other poems. Light and fat, hurting friends, selling charcoal Weng, Du Lingcuo, dazzling silk, Xinfeng folding arm Weng.
Liu Yuxi
Liu Yuxi 19 years old studied in Chang 'an and wrote to the court. At the age of 21, he and Liu Zongyuan were admitted to the same list of Jinshi. In the same year, he was admitted to the department of erudite macro words.
Later, he was politically dissatisfied and was demoted to Langzhou Sima. Instead of indulging in self-indulgence, he wrote with a positive and optimistic spirit, actively learned from folk songs, and created poems imitating folk songs such as Picking Ling Xing.
Once Liu Yuxi was sent back to Beijing by a letter, and was demoted to Lianzhou Secretariat for a poem "Peach trees in Du Xuan Guanli were carried after Liu Lang left". Later, he was appointed as Jiangzhou Secretariat, where he wrote a lot of Zhi Zhu Ci.
Was sent to Suzhou as a secretariat. At that time, Suzhou was flooded and there was hunger everywhere. After he came to power, he opened a warehouse to relieve hunger, exempted taxes and reduced labor, and soon brought the people out of the disaster and lived a life of peace and contentment. Suzhou people loved him and thanked him, so they called Wei and Bai Juyi, who had been the secretariat in Suzhou, "three sages" and established the hall of three sages. The emperor also praised his achievements and gave him a purple and gold fish bag.
In his later years, he returned to Luoyang, making guest appearances as a prince, making friends and writing poems, and living a leisurely life. After his death, he was posthumously appointed Minister of the Interior.
Wang Changling was a scholar in the 15th year of Kaiyuan (727). After Wang Changling was buried, he served as secretary of the provincial school. From ancient times to the present, school booksellers have been filled by scholars, which is of great significance to the contemporary world. Therefore, scholars call the school library the official of Taoism and the library of Penglai Mountain.
In the twenty-second year of Kaiyuan (734), Wang Changling chose erudite macro-words, which was superior to others, so he was appointed as the commandant of Surabaya County.
In the 27th year of Kaiyuan (739), he was banished to Lingnan.
In the 28th year of Kaiyuan (740), Wang Changling returned to the north and traveled to Xiangyang to meet the famous poet Meng Haoran. It is a great pleasure for Wang Changling to meet such first-class poets as Meng Haoran and Li Bai. It's a pity that they became friends forever when they met Meng Haoran, but when they met Li Bai, they both went downhill. Li Baizheng was exiled to Yelang at that time.
In the winter of the 28th year of Kaiyuan (740), Wang Changling left Beijing for Jiangning. At this time, he had met the famous poet Cen Can, and wrote a poem "Send Wang Changling to Jiangning" with Cen Can.
"Biography of Zhan Caizi" said that he "paid no attention to the details in the later part of his journey, slandered and boiled, and fled to the wild." He Yueling's Photo Album said that he was "experiencing a distant famine again", and Old Tang Book also said that he was "careless and often derogatory". It seems that the poet has been repeatedly vilified and his career is extremely unsatisfactory.
Later, Wang Changling couldn't even keep a small position like Long Biaowei, went AWOL, returned to Bozhou, and was killed by Qiu Taiwei's secretariat.
Because of his rich life experience and extensive friends, it is of great benefit to his poetry creation. Wang Changling is good at seven-character quatrains and is called the master of seven-character quatrains by later generations.
Going out to the fortress, joining the army, believing in autumn words, and complaining about spring in the West Palace are always in my heart. Picking lotus songs is different from parting with Xin Jian at Furong Inn.