This sentence comes from "there are fish in the north, named Kun." Kunda, I don't know how many miles have changed. It should be changed by netizens for humor.
-From where?
"Free Travel" of Zhuang and Zhou Dynasties in Pre-Qin Dynasty
-Excerpts from the original text-
There is a kind of fish named Kun in the north. Kun is so big, I don't know its thousands of miles; Become a bird. Its name is Peng. Peng's back, thousands of miles away, flew angrily, his wings hanging in the sky like clouds. If it is a bird, shipping will migrate to Nanming. South ghost, Tianchi also. "Qi Xie", ambition is strange. The text of "Hehe" says: "Peng moved to Nanming, and the water hit three thousand miles. It was Jiu Wan Li who climbed up and went to rest in June. " Wild horses, dust and creatures are blowing with interest. The sky is gray, and its positive color is evil? Far away and everything is extremely evil? It looks down. If it is, it's gone. And the product of husband's water is not thick, then the negative boat is weak. Cover the depression with a glass of water, and the mustard will sail; If you cover a cup, it's glue. Shallow water makes a big boat. The wind is not thick, and its negative wing is weak. Therefore, nine Wan Li, the wind is next, it is the wind of today; Those who carry the blue sky and never die, then go to the south today.
-Vernacular translation.
There is a kind of fish in the North Sea. Its name is Kun. Kunming is very big. I don't know how many miles it is. Kun becomes a bird, and its name is Peng. Peng Bei is thousands of miles long; When it vibrates its wings and flies directly, its wings are like clouds hanging on the horizon. This bird will migrate to the South China Sea when the wind blows the sea. The sea in the south is a huge natural pool.
Qi Xie is a book that records some strange things. It is recorded in the book: "When Peng moved to the South China Sea, flapping his wings on the water surface could stir up waves of 3,000 miles, fly around the whirlwind to the high altitude of Wan Li, and go away with the strong wind in June." Swimming like wild horses, flying dust and animals are all moved by the wind. The sky is vast, maybe it is the true nature of heaven? Is it boundless? When Peng looked down, he actually saw the same thing.
If the collected water is not deep, then it has no strength to carry a big ship. Pour a glass of water in the low-lying place in front of the hall, and a grass can be regarded as a boat. If you put a cup on it, it will stick. This is why shallow water makes a big ship. If the concentrated wind is not strong enough, then there is no strength to load a huge wing. Therefore, Peng flew at an altitude of 90,000 miles, and the wind was smooth. With the wind, he carried the blue sky unimpeded, and then began to fly south.
-Content analysis.
This article skillfully uses fables, and its writing style is changeable and full of romanticism. Zhuangzi advocated doing nothing and keeping him alive. His explanation of the size, dignity, longevity, right and wrong, gain and loss, honor and disgrace of the world is relativism. His attitude towards society and life, whether negative or enlightened, has had a far-reaching impact on later generations. He hates the society in which "those who steal the hook punish those who steal the country", refuses to cooperate with the rulers, despises wealth and denies the existence of ghosts and gods, all of which are positive and worthy of recognition. However, his delusion of escaping from reality and pursuing unconditional spiritual freedom was a negative and impossible absolute subjective idealism view at that time and now.
-Solutions to the problem.
"Xiaoyao" is also written as "shake off", indicating complacency; "Wandering freely" means moving freely without any constraints.
The full text can be divided into three parts. The first part is "the sage is unknown", which is the main part of this paper. By comparing many examples that can't be "carefree", it shows that to truly achieve the realm of freedom, we must be "selfless", "reactive" and "unknown". The second part, I am suddenly lost in the world, further expounds the previous part, explaining that "no self" is the only way to get rid of all kinds of bondage and dependence. As long as you really forget yourself and everything, you can reach the realm of freedom. Only "no self" is the person with the highest spiritual realm. The rest is the third part, which discusses what is really useful and what is useless, indicating that we should not be stuck by things, but should turn the useless into useful, further expressing our opposition to actively participating in social activities and aiming at pursuing a leisurely life without any constraints.
This article is one of Zhuangzi's representative works, and it is also a masterpiece of a hundred schools of thought. It is full of strange imagination and romantic colors, and combines reasoning with fables and vivid metaphors to form a unique style. "Wandering freely" is also an important aspect of Zhuangzi's philosophy. The whole article repeatedly expounds the idea of nothing to rely on and pursues the absolute freedom of the spiritual world. In Zhuangzi's eyes, everything in objective reality, including people, is antagonistic and interdependent, so there is no absolute freedom. If you want nothing to rely on, you have nothing. Therefore, he hopes that everything will go with the flow, be detached from reality, deny all the functions of human beings in social life, and confuse human life with the survival of all things; Advocate not to dwell on things and pursue unconditional spiritual freedom.
-How to write this article-
First, the creation method based on fable. In Zhuangzi, the author claims that his creative method is "taking proverbs as rambling words, taking words as truth and taking fables as wide". Fable is the most important way of expression. Many articles are based on fables, which are widely used, making the composition of Zhuangzi loose and intermittent, changing endlessly and elusive. For example, in the first half of "A Happy Journey", fables and tautology are widely used for exaggeration. From Kun Peng's spreading his wings to Liezi's going against the wind, it is not the main theme of the work, and the phrase "No man has himself, a saint is useless, and a god is nameless" is like a dragonfly.
Second, beyond the imagination and fiction of dust. The fables in Zhuangzi show extraordinary imagination and form a peculiar image world. "Beyond the dust, strange things happen." . The imaginary fiction in Zhuangzi often goes beyond the limitation of time and space and the difference between things and me, and is complex, fantastic and changeable. For example, the fish that swims freely in the north turns into Peng, "flying angrily, its wings hang like clouds in the sky." Zhuangzi's absurd imagination is to express his philosophical thoughts. The main feature of Zhuangzi is that it contains the theories of life's core monuments and metaphysics.
Third, the argument of complex mirror image. 1, replace logical reasoning with metaphor and symbol. 2, less direct expression of their views and attitudes, but let readers appreciate and understand from strange, absurd and vivid fables. For example, at the end of "Happy Travel", Zhuangzi set up another fable in the fable, explaining "the difference used" with "medicine that is not turtle's hand", and what is useless is useful.