The following are common allusions in ancient poetry.
(1) Mottled Bamboo: Xiangfei Bamboo. Shun's concubines Ehuang and Nvying cried on the Xiang River after Shun's death. Their tears sprinkled on the bamboos, and the bamboo poles became streaked. "Tai Niang Song" by Liu Yuxi of the Tang Dynasty: "How can these thousands of tears shed more on the bamboo branches of the Xiangjiang River."
(2) Winged Bird: Legend has it that the eagle has only one eye and one wing, so it must It takes two birds together to fly. A metaphor for a couple. "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" by Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty: "In heaven, I wish to be a winged bird, and on earth, I wish to be a twig."
(3) Blue blood: often used in conjunction with "loyal heart" to praise the loyalty of those who sacrificed their lives for the country. Yuan Zheng Yuanyou's "Zhang Yushi's Death Day Song": "Since Gu Zhong is a clear heart, he still has to turn into green blood in three years."
(4) Great Wall: Tan Daoji, a general of the Southern Song Dynasty, called himself the "Great Wall", and later named it This is a hero who can resist enemy invasion. Lu You of the Song Dynasty wrote in "Shu Ang": "The Great Wall is empty and I promise that my temples are already stained in the mirror."
(5) Picking Wei: At the end of the Yin Dynasty, King Wu of Zhou attacked Yin, and the king of Guzhu Kingdom His sons Boyi and Shuqi thought that this was regicide, so they stopped their horses to stop him. After the Yin Dynasty, the two people stopped eating Zhousu and lived in seclusion in Shouyang Mountain, picking weeds and eating them, and eventually died of starvation. Later, he used this metaphor to live in seclusion and escape from the world. "Ambition" by Wang Ji of the Tang Dynasty: "We look at each other without acquaintance, and we sing long songs and pick weeds."
(6) Long Pavilion: In ancient times, a long pavilion was set up about ten miles apart on the road, and a short pavilion was set up five miles away for tourists to rest. farewell. Later, "Changting" became the synonym for the place of farewell. Song Liuyong's "Rain Lin Ling": "The cicadas are mournful, it is late in the pavilion, and the showers have begun to stop."
(7) Chi Su: The words come from the ancient Yuefu "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Grottoes" "Guests come from afar" , "Leave me a pair of carp." Call the boy to cook the carp, and there is a ruler in it. "This is the later name for the letter. Song Qinguan's "Traveling on the Shasha": "The plum blossoms are sent by post, and the fish pass on the ruler. There are countless hates built into it."
(8) Climbing: There is a custom of climbing on the Double Ninth Festival. Tang Wangwei's "Remembering Brothers in Shandong on September 9th": "I know from afar that when brothers climb to a high place, they plant dogwood trees everywhere and there is one less person."
(9) Lying high in Dongshan: Xie An of the Eastern Jin Dynasty resigned from office and lived in seclusion in Dongshan, later referring to living in seclusion. . "Liang Yuan Yin" by Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty: "When you get up when you are lying high on the east mountain, it will be too late to help the people."
(10) Du Kang: Legend has it that Du Kang (also known as Zhongning) invented wine and later used it as a The name for wine. Cao Cao's "Dan Ge Xing" of the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty: "How can only Du Kang relieve worries."
(11) Dongli: The words of Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty "Pick chrysanthemums under the east fence, and leisurely see the Nanshan Mountain". Later, "east fence" was often used to express the pastoral life or leisurely and elegant mood after retreating into seclusion. "Drunken Flower Yin" by Li Qingzhao of the Song Dynasty: "After dusk when I drink wine in Dongli, there is a faint fragrance filling my sleeves."
(12) Cold Food: The name of the festival, one or two days before Qingming Festival. Legend has it that Jie Zitui of the Jin Dynasty lived in seclusion in the mountains. Jin Wengong burned the mountains to force him to come out and become an official. Jie Zitui could not push out and was burned to death. In order to commemorate Jie Yutui, Duke Wen of Jin banned the raising of fire on the day of his death and only ate cold food. This is where the section comes from. "Cold Food" by Han Hong of the Tang Dynasty: "There are flying flowers everywhere in the spring city, and the east wind in the cold food keeps the willows from slanting."
(13) History: In ancient times, characters were written on bamboo slips. The bamboo slips were first burned with fire to dry them, which was called "Qingqing"; because the bamboo slips ooze water like sweat when drying, it is also called "History". Later it refers to manuscripts and history books. Song Wentian's "Crossing the Lingding Ocean": "Since ancient times, no one has died, leaving a loyal heart to illuminate history."
(14) Red bean: a plant in the south, also called "Acacia". The ancients often used it to symbolize love or lovesickness. Tang Wangwei's "Lovesickness": "Red beans grow in the south, and when spring comes, a few branches will grow; I hope you will pick more, as this is the most lovesick thing." Tang Wen Tingyun's "Xintiansheng Willow Branches" Part 2: "The red beans are placed in the exquisite dice, and they are deeply loved by the bones, do you know?" ”
(15) Thrush: In the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Chang’s husband and wife were very loving, and they once drew eyebrows for his wife. Later, it was used to describe the love between husband and wife. Zhu Qingyu of the Tang Dynasty's "Recent Examination on Zhang Shuibu": "After putting on makeup, I asked my husband in a low voice, is the thrush dark and light?"
(16) Golden Crow: Legend has it that there are three-legged crows in the sun. Later, "Golden Crow" was used as the synonym for the sun. Tang Hanyu's "Li Hua Presents Zhang Shiyi": "The golden crow first flies from the bottom of the sea, and the Zhuhui scatters and the green clouds bloom."
(17) Lianlizhi: The branches of two trees growing together. , a metaphor for a loving couple. "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" by Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty: "In the sky, I would like to be a winged bird, and on the ground, I would like to be a branch."
(18) Lao Song: A song sung when seeing off guests at Lao Lao Pavilion. The old site of Laolauting is in Nanjing, which was a famous farewell place in ancient times. "Farewell to Xie Ting" by Xu Hun of the Tang Dynasty: "A song of labor explains the boating, red leaves, green mountains and rapids. The drunken people are far away at dusk, and the sky is full of wind and rain, going down to the west tower."
(19) Loulan: Loulan The king was greedy for money and killed Han envoys to the Western Regions many times. Later, Fu Jiezi went to the Western Regions as envoys and planned to kill King Loulan. Therefore, "Loulan" often refers to enemies on the border. Wang Changling of the Tang Dynasty "Walking in the Army": "The snow-capped mountains are covered with long clouds in Qinghai, and the lonely city looks into the Yumen Pass in the distance. The yellow sand will wear golden armor in a hundred battles, and Loulan will never be returned until the Loulan is broken." Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty "Song Xia": "I would like to put the sword at my waist and fight for it. "Behead Loulan."
(20) Mengdie: also known as "Huadie". During the Warring States Period, Zhuangzi once dreamed that he turned into a butterfly. It is later used as a metaphor for dreaming and dreaming. Part 3 of "Xianyou" by Lu You of the Song Dynasty: "Lying in a secluded window, he turned into a butterfly, and when he was drunk, he inscribed a plain wall with a crow perched on it."
(21) Blue Bird: Legend has it that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty visited Yonghua Hall on July 7th. During the sacrifice, a blue bird suddenly flew from the west. Dongfang Shuo said this was because the Queen Mother of the West was coming. Later he used it as a messenger to deliver messages.
"Yu Zhang Xing" by Xue Daoheng of the Sui Dynasty: "I wish to be the queen mother and three blue birds, flying here and there to deliver news." "Untitled" by Li Shangyin of the Tang Dynasty: "There is not much way to get to Pengshan, and the blue birds are diligent to visit."
(22) Three Paths: At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, when Wang Mang took over power, the governor Jiang Xu resigned from office and lived in seclusion. He opened three paths under the shade of bamboo in the garden and only interacted with Yang Zhong and Qiu Zhong. Later it was used to refer to the place where the hermits lived. Tao Qian of the Eastern Jin Dynasty wrote in his "Returning Words": "Three paths will be deserted, but the pines and chrysanthemums will still remain." Tang Bai Juyi's "If You Want to Divinate Your Neighbors with the Yuanba Divination": "The bright moon is the same as the Three Paths Night, and the green poplars are suitable for spring for two families. ”
(23) Mulberry: It is said that the sun sets in Guanxi, and the shadow shines on the mulberry tree. This is used to compare the setting of the sun and the later years of a person's life. Liu Yuxi of the Tang Dynasty's "Instructions on Rewarding Lotte and Ode to the Elderly": "Don't say that the mulberry trees are late, and the sky is still full of clouds." Tang Wangbo's "Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng": "Dongyu has been lost, but the mulberry trees are not late."
(24) Shooting Sirius: Sirius, star name. The ancients thought that the Lord invaded and plundered. Later, "shooting the wolf" was used as a metaphor to fight against the invading alien races. Song Su Shi's "Jiangchengzi 6.1 Hunting in Mizhou": "I will draw the eagle bow like a full moon, look northwest, and shoot at the wolf."
(25) Double carp: The ancients sent letters and tied them In the shape of a pair of carps. Ancient Yuefu's "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Grottoes": "A guest came from afar and left me a pair of carps." Later, he compared it to a letter. Li Shangyin of the Tang Dynasty wrote in "Send to Linghu Langzhong": "Songyun Qin Shu has been away from home for a long time, and the two carp are far away from each other with a paper book." "Pisces" has the same meaning. Tang Li Bai's "Gift to Hanyang Fulushi": "The white brocade scales of the two fishes in Hankou are sent to the ruler to repay the lover."
(26) Millet Li: The words come from "The Book of Songs? 6?1 Millet Li", When the officials of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty passed by the old capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, they saw that the ground was full of grains and millet, and they lamented the destruction of palaces, ancestral temples. Later, he used this to express his sorrow and sadness for the past and present decline of the country. "Deng Luoyang Ancient City" by Xu Hun of the Tang Dynasty: "The grains and millet are separated from the wild wormwood. How could the people in the past work in the city?" A woman who doesn’t know how to hate her country is still singing about the flowers in the backyard across the river. "Shang women are singers. Later, this was used as an allusion to live in a state of intoxication regardless of the rise or fall of the country. Wang Anshi of the Song Dynasty's "Fragrance of Guizhi": "To this day, businesswomen still sing, and the songs are left in the backyard."
(28) Contribution: When Banchao was young in the Eastern Han Dynasty, he made a living by copying official documents for the palace. . He once lamented in writing that he would imitate Fu Jiezi and Zhang Qian in making meritorious deeds in foreign lands and obtain titles and titles. Later it was pointed out that he abandoned literature and followed martial arts. King Luo Bin of the Tang Dynasty wrote in "Su Wen City Watching the Military Camp": "If you cast a pen to cherish your class career, you will miss Gu Xun when you are in the army." Song Xin Qiji's "Shui Diao Ge Tou": "Don't learn from Ban Chao and write pen, even if you are a prince thousands of miles away, you will be haggard in Bianzhou. ."
(29) Yangguan: Yangguan, the ancient name of the pass, is located southwest of Dunhuang, Gansu Province. Wang Wei of the Tang Dynasty wrote in "Farewell to the Second Envoy of the Yuan Dynasty to Anxi": "I urge you to drink another glass of wine. There will be no old friends when you leave Yangguan in the west." Later, it was composed into a farewell song, named "Yangguan Song". Li Shangyin of the Tang Dynasty's "Drinking Banquet Opera Presented to the Housemates": "Singing all the Yangguan infinite piles, half a cup of pine leaves are frozen in Pali."
(30) Folding willows: It was a custom in the capital of the Han Dynasty to send off guests from afar. They were all sent to Baqiao in the east of Chang'an, and willow branches were broken as gifts. Back finger to say goodbye. Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty "Listening to the Flute on a Spring Night in Luocheng": "In this nocturne, I heard the broken willows, who can't help but love the hometown."
(31) Bending: Tao Yuanming bowed to the village boy because he was unwilling to pay for five pecks of rice. , then resigned and went into seclusion. Later metaphor refers to bending oneself to serve others.
Tang Li Bai's "Sleepwalking Heavenly Mother's Song of Farewell": "Can An Neng destroy my eyebrows and bend my waist to serve the powerful, so that I can't be happy?"