Feudal paternalism is a sharp knife to stifle the freedom of love and marriage of young men and women. Marriage is entirely the fate of parents and the words of a matchmaker. What is even more hateful is that if the in-laws or husbands are slightly dissatisfied after marriage, they can drive the woman home with a piece of paper.
Such a tragedy is not surprising in ancient times. Long before Liang Zhu, there was a touching love tragedy-Peacock Flying Southeast was so beautiful that the peacock was torn to pieces alive, and the dream could only be realized after death.
Second, solve the problem.
The original title of this poem is Ancient Poems Written by Jiao Zhongqing's Wife, also known as Jiao Zhongqing's Wife. It is selected from Yutai New Poetry edited by Chen Xuling in the Southern Dynasties, and it is the earliest Yuefu poetry collection in China. This poem is the earliest and longest narrative poem in ancient China. It is called "the first long poem in ancient and modern times" (different from the first long lyric poem: Li Sao). Together with Mulan Ci, it is called "Yuefu Shuangbi"
Yuefu: Originally refers to the government in charge of music, and later the lyrics collected and created by Yuefu government are also called "Yuefu" or "New Yuefu".
Third, grasp the text.
1, article structure
The beginning-Lan Zhi was sent
Development-farewell between husband and wife
Re-development-Lan Zhi's Anti-marriage
Orgasm-double suicide
Doomsday warning future generations
Fourth, text analysis.
1, summarizing the contents of the preface before the poem.
He explained the time, place, characters, ending of the story and the reason for writing this poem.
2. What is the function of "Peacock flies southeast and wanders five miles" at the beginning of the poem?
Bixing is used at the same time, and the peacock's widowhood implies the separation of husband and wife. Peacock wandering and looking back laid a deep and sad tone for the whole poem. Take charge of the whole article and trigger the following story.
3. What color is the ending mandarin duck, and what is its structural function?
Romantic colors echo people's strong desire to pursue love freedom and happiness at first.
Fifth, inquiry reading.
About arrangement
1, paragraph 9 "The cock crows and wakes up outside ... exquisite".
Teacher: What techniques are used in this paragraph?
Health 1: This paragraph uses the method of layout and arrangement.
Teacher: Can you explain the details to everyone? (Born in 1 Silence)
Teacher: I know it's hard to express, right? Let me explain, elaborate, that is, elaborate.
Teacher: Please use a word in this paragraph to summarize its content.
Health 2: Strict makeup.
Teacher: At this moment, why is Liu Lanzhi "wearing a lot of make-up" but still "four or five close to ten"? The author focuses on clothing and appearance. What's the purpose? Please think about it. You can communicate with your deskmate.
The students answered.
Health 3: Strict make-up is Liu Lanzhi's consistent habit, which shows his love for beauty.
Health 4: I think this just shows that Liu Lanzhi is knowledgeable and literate.
Health 5: Its function is to show Liu Lanzhi's self-esteem, soft on the outside and hard on the inside.
Health 6: I think this shows that she was calm, calm and calm when she got cold feet.
Health 7: We can also see Liu Lanzhi's inner anxiety, even his pain. It is precisely because of this that the performance of "four or five companies of everything" has emerged.
Teacher: The students' discussions and speeches were very successful. Let me summarize your speeches. This description, from foot to head, from waist to ear, from finger to mouth, from step to step, is a series of exaggeration, which not only writes out the external beauty of the characters, but also writes out the personality beauty of the characters. The beauty lies in her calmness, and the beauty lies in her special self-restraint.
This passage is beautiful. Please listen to the model essay and ponder its beauty carefully.
Now, please try to recite this paragraph. See who can recite it in the shortest time. Let's raise our hands first.
Reciting is smooth. (Ask two students) Let's recite it together. It's loud, so it's better to speak slowly and feel more.
2. Teacher: There are many places in the poem that use the method of arrangement. Can the students find one or two more places?
Sheng 1: The second paragraph "Thirteen Weavers" ... "Sixteen Poems" shows Liu's intelligence.
Teacher: From 13 to 17, is it too complicated to get together? What else is used in this paragraph?
Health 2: It's not complicated. This is a longitudinal exposition, in chronological order, to emphasize that Lan Zhi is versatile and well-educated. When enumerating numbers, we should read intertextuality and cross-narrate.
Teacher: What does it have to do with the development of the plot?
Health 3: Pave the way for Lan Zhi's divorce to arouse readers' sympathy.
Teacher: There is something similar in paragraph 13. Is it a bit repetitive?
Health 4: Do not repeat. What is more prominent is that Lan Zhi was smart and educated since childhood, and changed the narrative angle, making the article seem patchy.
3. Students read "Fast Clothing" ... Deng Yu County Gate (2 1 paragraph)
Teacher: From another topic, "Ancient Poems for Jiao Zhongqing's Wife", we can see that in this tragic story, the heroine Liu Lanzhi has more personality charm, which mainly shapes this character. Does this description also play a role in shaping Liu Lanzhi's image?
Health 1: Yes.
Teacher: Can that classmate answer this question?
It seems that this question is difficult to answer. Is the sheriff rich and powerful?
Student 2: Rich and powerful.
Teacher: So is Liu Lanzhi interested in this rich sheriff?
S3: Not interested. She married the sheriff because of her brother's intimidation.
Teacher: Her heart is still in Jiao Zhongqing, so what does she want to do?
Health: "Waiting for Jiao Zhongqing to marry her".
Teacher: So, the author did not hesitate to write about the luxurious ostentation and extravagance of the Taishou wedding-
Health 5: Contrast, contrast Liu Lanzhi's unswerving character of love.
Teacher: Yes, it shows Liu Lanzhi's moral integrity. Her love and loyalty to Zhong Qing can stand any severe test. Moreover, the joy of the Taishou family contrasts with Lan Zhiming's sadness of allowing marriage and plotting a secret death, which strengthens the tragic color.
Summary: The arrangement and arrangement of this poem is conducive to shaping the characters, and also brings the beauty of melody and color to the poem. The Yuefu folk songs "Singing by Shang Mo" and "Mulan Ci" we studied also used this technique. Can you remember a few words?
"Japanese style bun in the head, the bright moon beads in the ear. Xiangqi is the lower skirt and Zi Qi is the upper skirt. " "Miniature History of the Fifteenth Palace, Doctor of the Twentieth Palace, Assistant of the Thirtieth Palace, and Mansion of the Fortieth Palace." "Buy horses in the East City, saddles in the West City, reins in the South City and whips in the North City." "Ye Niang smell female, Guo will help each other. Sister-in-law heard that her sister-in-law was coming to take care of red makeup. As soon as I heard that my sister came, I sharpened my knife to pigs and sheep. " After class, the students pay attention to comparison.
Compare and write all aspects of people or things exaggeratedly. This is actually Fu, that is, "telling the truth". Only influenced by Han Da Fu, the description is more delicate and incisive, and they often concentrate on rendering a certain atmosphere and artistic conception. Fu, generally divided into three categories, landscape image fu, state fu, character fu. There are two characters in this question, from which the personality characteristics of the characters are analyzed. Fu is the most common technique in ancient poetry, such as Qinyuanchun? When used in Changsha, we should pay attention to appreciation and use.
On the artistic effect of the beginning and the end
If you can't find the artistic effect of the beginning and the end, guide. Problem: removing the beginning and end of the poem does not affect the integrity of the plot. Take it out and compare it with the original poem. What's the difference between artistic effects? Talk about their functions respectively.
1. Health: "Peacocks fly southeast and wander five miles."
It is clear that "saying something else first to arouse the words to be sung" is caused by peacock wandering, which has the function of controlling the whole poem and causing stories; It compares the separation of husband and wife with the love of beautiful birds, exaggerates the tragic atmosphere with concrete images, and lays the emotional tone of the whole poem.
Bixing technique is also commonly used in some modern pop songs. Such as "Flower Heart": "The flower heart is hidden in the heart and misses the flowering period. Your heart is clear, and you must have dreams in your heart. "
2. Life: The End
Qing Dynasty: In the cemetery where Liu and Jiao were buried together, the branches and leaves of pine, cypress and phoenix tree covered and intersected, and they were connected branches, symbolizing the immortality of love. Buried together, we can't live together, but we will die together like mandarin ducks. "duet" is their singing of love and happiness, and their accusation of sadness and depression. The romantic approach at the end reflects the reality and places people's strong desire to pursue free love and a happy life. Structurally, the double flight of the mandarin duck at the end echoes the loss of the peacock at the beginning, which reflects the ingenuity of the conception and the good intentions.
The end of the story is similar to some folk literature in China, such as "Rainbow Wan Li is full of flowers, butterflies are in pairs, eternal hearts remain unchanged, and Liang Zhu", and Cowherd and Weaver Girl meet on Tanabata. This is the romantic development of the characters, shining with brilliant ideals, which has made a qualitative leap in poetry.
Six, character analysis
Lan Zhi: Smart and versatile, knowledgeable, not greedy, strong and resistant.
Jiao Zhongqing: He is Lan Zhi's partner in opposing the feudal patriarchal clan system and the feudal marriage system. He has a sense of justice, attaches importance to feelings, keeps his word and has a strong side. But there is also a weak side. The blame for the mother is silent and the struggle is powerless. Unlike Lan Zhi's struggle, it was also a victim of feudal society.
Burnt wood: a prominent negative image. She is an extremely bossy and unreasonable woman. I have no understanding and sympathy for the beautiful love between Lan Zhi and Zhong Qing. I am single-minded. Treating Zhong Qing is a carrot and stick. The purpose is to ask Zhong Qing to send Lan Zhi away quickly, so as to safeguard his parents' prestige. He is the representative of feudal paternalism.
Liu Xiong: Negative image, violent behavior, snobbery, exposing ugliness, typical image of a philistine.
On the doubtful points in this article
(1) In feudal society, divorced women are generally regarded as a great shame and will be despised. Why did Liu Lanzhi become more valuable after her divorce? Tell me how you know the prefect of a county to propose marriage for your son.
1. A set of etiquette rules and moral standards that imprisoned women in feudal society experienced a process of development and perfection. Before the Han and Wei Dynasties, remarriage was a common phenomenon. During the Han and Wei dynasties, the theory of restricting remarriage was further systematized, but remarriage still existed universally, especially those with outstanding personality and brilliant talents. The widow of the Western Han Zhuo was chosen by the harp, and Zhuo Wenjun went with her. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Deng's wife divorced, married, became a big official and took her to the market, which made Deng envious. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Yan (Moon Hee) first married Wei Zhongdao, then was captured by mutinous soldiers and married the Huns. Cao Cao redeemed it with resplendence and remarried an official, Dong Si. Liu Bei married Liu Cong's widow. Wei Wendi Cao Pi married Yuan Shu's daughter-in-law, Zhen Shi. Sun Quan, the Lord of Wu, once married a widow, Mrs. Xu. Wait, countless. The speech of orthodox Confucianism in Han Dynasty did not completely restrain people's social behavior. It was after the Southern and Northern Dynasties that women bound their feet. Cheng Yi in Northern Song Dynasty put forward that "hunger is small, but indiscretion is big" ("suicide note"), which did not have much influence at that time in Northern Song Dynasty, and his niece failed to keep the festival. After the Southern Song Dynasty, "Zhu Cheng" Neo-Confucianism further improved the feudal ethics, which became more and more severe, and it was a big violation for widows to remarry.
2. The Jian 'an period in the Eastern Han Dynasty was the embryonic period of the aristocratic system, and the concept of family status already existed. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the "Nine-grade Zheng Zhi System" was implemented. According to the information provided by the textbook, we can draw the conclusion that being born in a family without family background, marrying Jiao's family is a bit arrogant. This can be seen from Lan Zhi's self-report, "I am a daughter, born in a small field, uneducated, and ashamed of your family." We can also see from Jiao's mother's words that she educated her son, "You are a noble family, and you are an official in the cabinet. Be careful not to die for your wife. What is your feeling? " During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Confucianism gradually became the official orthodoxy of China. The moral and etiquette norms advocated by Confucianism are increasingly influential and gradually become the mainstream moral norms and behavioral norms in society. In terms of the marriage system, there are "seven out" and ("Book of Rites")? The core monument of life says: "A woman has seven things to do: disobeying her parents, not having children, whoring, being jealous, getting sick, talkative and stealing." ) "the parents of everything in the world" and so on. If a county magistrate wants to find a wife for his son, their choice space is still quite broad. Their status, cultural influence and public opinion determine that these feudal officials, deeply influenced by Confucianism, no matter how beautiful, intelligent, virtuous and kind, could not choose an abandoned wife for their sons.
Since this possibility is slim, why is there such a plot in the poem?
First of all, this is the artistic need to express the characters. Art is an aesthetic view of real life, which originates from life and is higher than life. In the text, there is a positive description of Lan Zhi, Liu Lanzhi's kindness, beauty, wisdom and ability, as well as the plot of the county magistrate's proposal for his son, especially the lively and grand scene of Lan Zhi's remarriage. The setting of this scene not only shows that the prefect attaches importance to this matter, but also makes the singer use this "grand" scene to form a sharp contrast with the "cold encounter" that Jiao's mother drove home, highlighting his innocence and his accomplishment and conduct. Let readers export evil spirit from the bottom of my heart, and set off Lan Zhi's beautiful appearance and beautiful heart from the side.
Secondly, the appearance of this plot is also a reflection of the wishes of the broad masses of the people. Aside from Peacock Flying Southeast, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there must be many weak women like Liu Lanzhi who were driven home by her husband's family and tortured to death by feudal patriarchal feudal ethics. Liu Lanzhi's fate is tragic, and the experience of these weak women is sympathetic. The oppressed and ravaged people naturally infiltrated their feelings when they sang the story of Liu Lanzhi. Peacock flies southeast, based on real people and stories, was re-created in the process of singing, which incorporated people's beautiful wishes. Such examples are common in the history of China literature, such as become a butterfly in Butterfly Lovers and Meng Jiangnv on the Great Wall of Wan Li. These absolutely impossible things in real life happened in the story, and the impossible things came true. This not only exposes the fact that the vulnerable groups are unable to control their own destiny, but also reflects the will of the people in a tortuous way.
(2) Lan Zhi is a hardworking, kind and beautiful woman. She has deep feelings for the couple, but she was abused or even expelled by Jiao's mother, and finally she had to die with Zhong Qing. What is the reason why Jiao Mu was expelled from Lan Zhi?
1. Lan Zhi failed to comply with the requirements of feudal ethics for women's morality, and "there is no lesson" and "action is self-directed". Although docile and capable, there is stubbornness in his bones, which Jiao Mu can't tolerate.
2. Lan Zhi was infertile for many years, and Jiao Mu expelled Lan Zhi on the pretext of carrying on the family line.
The two families in Liu Jiao are very different, and their family status is wrong. Jiao's mother changed her mind and forced her to marry in Louvre.
Jiao Mu can't understand or tolerate the sincere and passionate love between Zhong Qing and Lan Zhi. (Jiao Mu's husband died young, Oedipus complex)
Book of rites? The core monument of life says: "A woman has seven things to do: disobeying her parents, not having children, whoring, being jealous, getting sick, talkative and stealing." Jiao Mu persecuted Liu Lanzhi with his first article. The Book of Rites also stipulates: "A son is a good wife, and his parents are unhappy." Jiao Mu ruled Jiao Zhongqing with filial piety. After Liu Lanzhi returned to her family, she was also bullied by paternalism. So are Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing fundamentally opposed to these feudal dogmas?
No. What Liu Hejiao argued repeatedly was that they did not violate these feudal norms. Because they can't, this is the tragedy of tragedy.
(3) Jiao Zhongqing's mother loves her son. Why did she deliberately destroy his happy marriage? According to the reference materials consulted after class, write a research article on the topic of "seeing feudal paternalism from absurd logic"
Seven. abstract
For thousands of years, the indifference and cruelty of feudal ethics, paternalism and other traditional cultures have turned countless beautiful loves into cowherd and weaver girl, flying butterfly and southeast peacock, and built a garden of blood and tears!
How many tears have been shed, and the grass in Shenjiayuan is still sad!
During the Southern Song Dynasty, the famous patriotic poet Lu You lost his reputation in Sun Shan because of his outspoken attitude and concern for the country in the imperial examination. Lu You's parents arranged for him to marry his cousin Tang Wan. After Lu You and Tang Wan got married, life was very happy. However, Lu You's mother was very unhappy about it. She thinks that it is not only immoral for Tang Wan to play the piano and recite poems all day, but also wrong for his son's reputation and future. Under the pressure of his mother, Lu You was forced to divorce his wife. Unjustified filial piety, worldly fame and illusory fate separated the couple alive, and Tang Wan married Zhao Shicheng. One day, Tang Wan and Zhao Shicheng came to Shenyuan and met Lu You. Lu You had mixed feelings and left a classic "Hairpin Phoenix" on the chalk wall. Tang Wan visited Shen Yuan again to make peace with him. Died of depression soon.
(Lu You) Red crisp hands, Huangteng wine, and spring willows in the city. Dong Feng Xie, who is in a bad mood, has been very depressed in recent years. No! No! No! Spring is the same, people are empty, and tears are red and sad. Peach blossom falls, idle pool pavilion, although the mountain alliance is there, it is difficult to hold books. Mo! Mo! Mo!
(Tang Wan) When the world is thin and human feelings are evil, it is easy for flowers to fall in the rain and send them to dusk. The breeze is dry, the tears are gone, and I want to worry about it. Difficult! Difficult! Difficult! People become different, today is not yesterday, and sick souls are often thousands of miles away. The bugle sounded cold, the night was dim, people were afraid to ask questions, and tears pretended to be happy. Hide, hide, hide!
"Evil" (God) A woman's spoony and passionate love vows. (Erhan Yuefu)
Evil! I want to know you and live a long life. There is no mausoleum in the mountains, the river is exhausted, there is Lei Zhen in winter, and there is rain and snow in summer. Only when heaven and earth are in harmony can we dare to be with you!
"Evil" is a woman's oath to heaven. The following five impossible things, used to show a person's unswerving love, deep feelings and whimsy, are indeed "miracles in just one chapter."
A tenacious life can get rid of the mental shackles. As long as we persist in our pursuit, our beautiful ideal will come true.