Foreword
I saw this question a few days ago: In Du Fu’s Reply to Gaoli, cup and the first line of mourning do not rhyme, so why does it become the first line of the poem?
First of all, Du Fu's poems must rhyme. According to the rhyme standards of the Tang Dynasty people, Ai, Hui, Lai, Tai, and Bei fully meet the rhyme standards for poetry.
However, whether Du Fu's "Deng Gao" is the first rhymed poem has been controversial since ancient times. It's a matter of opinion.
1. Rhyming of Tang Poems
The wind is strong and the sky is high, the ape is howling in mourning, and the white bird is flying back from the clear sand in the desert. The endless falling trees rustled, and the endless Yangtze River rolled in.
Wanli is always a guest in the sad autumn, and he has been sick for hundreds of years and only appears on the stage. Difficulty and bitterness hate the frost on the temples, and the wine glass is stained by the new stop.
When we compose poems now, we all use the Song Dynasty’s Pingshui rhyme. According to the standard of Pingshui rhyme, the rhymes of Du Fu's poem: Ai, Hui, Lai, Tai and Cup are all in the Shihui rhyme department. Poems that conform to Pingshui rhyme also conform to Tang rhyme.
The rhyme book used in poetry writing first came from the "Qie Yun" of the Sui Dynasty. Before this time, poets composed poems based on the rhymes of spoken language in daily life.
The emergence of "Qie Yun" gave poets a standard for rhyming in their poetry, and there would be no rhyming deviations due to different dialects. By the Tang Dynasty, poetry writing was an important subject in the imperial examinations, so there were naturally strict standards for how to rhyme.
"Tang Yun" is a rhyme book adapted from "Qie Yun". No matter how you pronounce it in your hometown dialect, when you get to the examination room, just rhyme it to me according to Tang Yun. Otherwise, it will be a "falling rhyme" and don't expect to get good results.
In the Song Dynasty, new adapted versions of "Guang Yun", "Ji Yun", "Pingshui Yun" and so on appeared based on "Tang Yun".
Du Fu's poem rhymes with flat water rhyme and gray rhyme, which fully conforms to the rhyme standard of Tang Dynasty rhythmic poetry.
However, today's Mandarin has undergone many changes from the pronunciation of the ancients, so it rhymed at that time, but it may not rhyme today.
Even the original flat tone has become a oblique tone today. Some characters with oblique tones at that time later became flat tones, so when we read Tang poetry and Song lyrics, sometimes we feel that the oblique tones are inconsistent or even do not rhyme.
For example, after the Tang Dynasty entered the Song Dynasty, some characters changed. Bai Juyi wrote a poem: Asking for money does not come early. In the Song Dynasty, the character had a flat sound, which became Guping. However, in the Tang Dynasty, this character had a flat sound. , so now is not alone.
Another example is Du Fu’s first song when he entered high school, "ji", which was originally the character for the Ru tone (oblique tone), but today it has been changed into the character for the Ping tone.
2. Du Fu ascends to the top of the list of seven-character rhymes in ancient and modern times
Du Fu and Li Bai are the two peak poets of the Tang Dynasty. They are known as the Saint of Poetry and the Immortal of Poetry.
However, Du Fu's status in poetry was not very high during his lifetime. The evaluation of the first of the seven rhymes in "Deng Gao" is what people in the Ming Dynasty said:
Du "The wind is strong and the sky is high" has fifty-six words in one chapter. It is like coral on the bottom of the sea, thin and strong, indescribable and unfathomable. , and the light is endless and the power is immense. The entire composition, syntax, and calligraphy of the book are unprecedented and unparalleled. Those who have said it are Du poetry, not Tang poetry. However, this poem should be regarded as the first of seven-character rhymes in ancient and modern times, and it does not need to be the first of seven-syllable rhymes in the Tang Dynasty. ("Shisou")
Hu Yinglin, a native of the Ming Dynasty, said in "Shisou" that "Denggao" is "the first of the seven rhymes in ancient and modern times". It is not even the first of the seven rhymes in the Tang Dynasty, but from ancient times to the present. Ming, they are all first.
There is actually a lot of controversy about Du Fu's first title. For example, some people think that the ending of this poem is not good. Some people also say that this seven-character poem: "The eight sentences are all correct and were created by Lao Du." In fact, the eight sentences all refer to the object of Zongchu, which was not created by Du Fu.
3. Yan Yu called Cui Hao Yellow Crane Tower the number one in the Qilu
Regarding the saying of number one, more than 300 years before Hu Yinglin, Yan Yu of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote in his "Canglang" In "Poetic Talk", the first place was given to Cui Hao's "Yellow Crane Tower":
Among the seven-character rhymed poems of the Tang Dynasty, Cui Hao's "Yellow Crane Tower" should be the first. ("Canglang Poetry")
In the Qing Dynasty, Mao Qiling and Wang Xi even praised "Yellow Crane Tower" in "Selected Seven Rhythms of the Tang Dynasty":
This law The most transformational thing is that it is obtained by writing down the words based on the inspiration. It is like a divine horse out of the water. If you let it stagger, it will not move and the steps will be clumsy. It will be bad if it is cut and drawn. According to the predecessors, this was the first in the Tang Dynasty. This may not necessarily be the case, but there may be two reasons. "Selected Seven Rhythms of the Tang Dynasty"
Although many people admire the Yellow Crane Tower, the Yellow Crane Tower is actually not even a standard seven-character rhyme poem. The first half of the poem is written in ancient style:
< p> People in the past had gone there by Yellow Crane, and the Yellow Crane Tower was vacant here. The yellow crane is gone and never returns, and the white clouds remain empty for thousands of years.The second half of the poem can be regarded as a standard rhythmic poem:
Qingchuan is full of Hanyang trees, and the grass is luxuriantly green on Parrot Island. Where is Rimuxiangguan? The smoke on the Yanbo River makes people sad.
Moreover, in addition to the Yellow Crane Tower, there is also a poem also known as the first of the seven rhymes. The author is a poet who is older than Du Fu and Cui Hao.
4. Shen Quanqi's "Guyi Chengbu Que Qiao Zhizhi" is the first of the seven rhymes
In the Ming Dynasty, He Jingming and others said that it was wrong. The first of the seven rhymes was Shen Quanqi's Poetry:
The young woman of the Lu family is in the Yujin Hall, with petrels perched on the tortoiseshell beam. The cold weather in September reminds me of Liaoyang in ten years.
White Wolf Hebei's music and books are broken, and the southern autumn night in Danfeng City is long. Who can't see the sorrow alone, and even teach the bright moon to shine yellow.
This poem "Ancient Meaning Presents to Supplement Que Qiao Zhizhi" is also known as "Du Bu Jian". This poem is classified as a Yuefu poem in "Three Hundred Tang Poems", but this Yuefu poem is actually a standard A seven-character rhyme poem.
Yang Shen, a great talent of the Ming Dynasty, said in "Sheng'an Poetry Talk":
Song Yan Canglang's poem "Yellow Crane Tower" by Cui Hao ranked first among the seven-character rhyme poems in the Tang Dynasty. Recently, He Zhongmo and Xue Jun chose Shen Quanqi's "Young Wife of the Lu Family Yu Jin Tang" as the first place.
He Zhongmo is He Jingming, one of the seven leading literary figures in the Ming Dynasty, and Xue Juncai is Xue Hui, a critic of the Ming Dynasty.
5. The controversy over the first of the seven laws
Regarding the controversy over the first of the seven laws, you can look at the views of Xing Fang in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. He was evaluated by Wang Shizhen as "the number one commoner poet". When evaluating "Yellow Crane Tower" and "Ancient Meanings", Xing Fang said:
(Yellow Crane Tower) The style of this song is also good, and the composition is Lu Geng entered the divine realm. Yunqing's "Ancient Meaning" still touches on exercise. "Tang Feng Ding"
Xing Fang said that Cui Hao's "Yellow Crane Tower" is better. His poems are written in the style of songs. After being expressed in the form of rhymed verses, they enter a magical realm, secondly to Shen Quanqi's "Ancient Meaning" There is still a sense of sculpture.
When Yang Shen compared the differences between "Yellow Crane Tower" and "Gu Yi", he said:
It is not easy to distinguish between two poems. Or I asked him about it, and he said: There are many poems in Cui, and there are more poems written in Shen than in Xing. "Sheng'an Poetry Talk"
Hu Yinglin, who praised Du Fu's "Deng Gao" as the best, disparaged Shen Quanqi's "Ancient Meaning" and said:
"The young woman of the Lu family" has a strong body and a good body. The good reputation is unique, but the pity and chin are quite biased, and the knot is not true. It's the same Yuefu language, the same poem by the same person, but the beginning of the sentence is like an eternal pearl, and the conclusion is almost like a snake's feet. ("Shi Sou")
Hu Yinglin said that Shen Quanqi's "Ancient Meaning" is not good. The beginning of the sentence is like a pearl from the ages, but the ending is superfluous.
The Yuefu of the Six Dynasties followed the Tang law, and the workmanship was exquisite and impeccable. ("Tang Feng Ding")
He said that Shen Quanqi used Tang rhythm to write Yuefu, which was unique and gorgeous, neat and exquisite, so you don't want to find fault with it.
Zhang Shiwei of the Qing Dynasty said in "Qi Lu Jun of the Tang Dynasty": Cui's poetry is more talented, Shen's poetry is more powerful, and among the three Tang people's poems, which one must be ranked first, how different is it from Qi Pavilion Jia Yi?
Each of the three poems has its own merits. Do we have to compete for the first place? This is the same as the story of Wang Changling, Gao Shi, and Wang Zhihuan's flag pavilion paintings. There is no number one that everyone recognizes.
Conclusion
Returning to the question of the subject, first of all, Du Fu’s Ascension is of course rhymed with seven rhymes.
Secondly, it is difficult to decide whether this poem is the first or not. There is no standard for first or second place. Everyone has different opinions, just do what you like.
@老街香