In the barking of dogs, peach blossoms are thick.
See the deer when the tree is deep, but don't ring the bell at noon.
Wild bamboos are green and misty, and flying springs hang blue peaks.
No one knows where to go. I'm worried about two or three loose.
This is a five-character poem. According to experts who study Li Bai, it was written in the early years of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty, when the poet was less than twenty years old. This poem is often placed in the first poem edited by Li Bai in chronological order, which seems to be the earliest poem handed down by the poet. In these five laws, the poet expresses his love for the motherland's landscape and sincere feelings for his friends by describing what he saw, heard and felt when he visited his friends in a day.
"Dai Tianshan Mountain" in the title "Visiting Taoist in Dai Tianshan Mountain" is named after the high mountain, and it is located in Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province, where Li Bai once lived when he was a teenager. "Not seeing each other" means not seeing each other.
"In the barking of dogs, peach blossoms are thick." When we opened this poem, we were immediately attracted by the beautiful voice and gorgeous colors, and immediately brought into the artistic conception of the poem. This is a morning map of a mountain village. It turned out that Li Bai, a young poet, set out on the road very early. At this time, the earth was still sleeping at dawn, and no one said anything. Only the gurgling sound of running water and the occasional barking of dogs from a distance. On the vaguely discernible mountain road, the poet walked with brisk steps, but the sky was getting brighter. I saw bright dew hanging on the face of peach blossoms on the roadside, which was particularly fresh and colorful under the bright morning sun. What a beautiful country morning-fresh, quiet and full of vitality!
Here, "in the barking of dogs" is what I heard before dawn. At this time, I can't see anything but the dim shadows of the road, so I can only feel the environment by hearing.
"Peach blossom dew" is what I saw in my eyes after dawn. At this time, people's feelings about the surrounding environment are of course visual first. The poet looked around, and it turned out that all the way was peach blossoms. Here, while the poet clearly writes the pleasing visual scene, it should be said that he also secretly writes the smell and breath of the heart; Because since the roadside peach blossoms are in full bloom, it must be fragrant all the way.
This couplet not only shows that the poet's departure time is in Guang Chen at dawn with extremely low visibility, but the season of visiting friends is in the spring of March when peach blossoms are in full bloom; Moreover, it initially revealed the deep friendship between the poet and the Taoist priest, and naturally showed the happy mood of the journey at this moment. Leaving so early may have something to do with the distance, but I'm afraid the main reason is to visit friends.
With a happy and anxious mood, the poet sometimes struggles to climb, sometimes climbs over mountains and mountains, and sometimes the wind blows at his feet and strides forward. However, when he walked into the deep mountains and approached the Taoist temple, an unexpected scene appeared in front of him: "See the deer when the tree is deep, and ring the bell at noon." From a distance, in the depths of Lin Mang, elk always appear, jumping around, chasing and playing; When I came to the stream in front of the Taoist temple, although the sun was reflected in the water, it was already noon, but the Taoist temple didn't come out to meet me, nor did it usually ring.
These two sentences are causal sentences in terms of their relationship. "Seeing the deer when it is time" is the result, and "not smelling the bell" is the cause; It is precisely because "I can't smell the bell" that "I see it as a deer". The poet first explains the result with vision, and then narrates the reason with hearing. The two sentences are reversed, not only to take care of the rhythm, but also to conform to the law that people are always aware of the environment during the day.
Although the scenery written in these two sentences is different-one is that there are elk in the depths of the forest, and the other is that the bell is not heard at noon-they all express the same meaning, suggesting that the Taoist priest is not at home. Although "seeing deer when the tree is deep" is still a guess, "not hearing the bell of the stream at noon" has been settled. As we know, deer is a timid animal, so "seeing a deer once" in the distance means that there is no one around. This makes people suspect that the Taoist priest may not be at home, but this is an estimate after all. The poet muttered in his heart and moved on. As the Taoist residence approached, his suspicion was finally confirmed. He came to the front yard and listened attentively. Nothing happened, there was silence-the Taoist priest did go out.
It should be pointed out that this sentence not only implies that the Taoist priest may not be at home, but also describes the elegance of the Taoist priest from the side-because it is said that the deer is the mount of the fairy, and there is a saying in the Long song of Han Yuefu that "the fairy rides the white deer", which is also said in the poet's later poems about immortals; Therefore, the place where deer often haunt is naturally not where ordinary people live-thus reflecting the poet's respect for Taoist friends.
It seems that this trip is in vain! But I don't know that Taoist priest may just go out temporarily and will come back soon. So, why not wait for a while and have a rest? A poet who lives alone outside the house and loves nature seems to have forgotten the urgent mood of meeting his friends, and has a strong interest in investigating the environment of Taoist residence: "Wild bamboo is misty, flying springs hang blue peaks." I saw wild bamboos in the front yard and backyard of the house, lush and leafy, breaking through the blue clouds around the mountainside; The mountains in the distance are blue, and a wisp of clear spring hangs upside down on the peak like a white practice-what a desirable place!
The poet wrote here that "wild bamboo" can "divide smoke", not that bamboo grows particularly high, but that the place where it grows is particularly high; This shows that the Taoist priest's terrain is steep and his vision is wide, and even the mountain springs that fly down in the distance are vivid. The dense and slender wild bamboo meets the clouds, which was originally a quiet scene; However, because the poet used the word "fen", the word "fen" has a moving meaning, which reminds people of the mountain wind in Xu Lai, and the moving clouds are constantly drifting from the top of the wild bamboo. Above the green peaks, a line of spring water, flying in the air, was originally a touching scene; However, because the poet used the word "hanging", it changed from dynamic to static, which made people want to see the steep pulling of mountain peaks and the falling of mountain springs. The Taoist priest chose to live here, which naturally shows that he likes the scenery here; The poet's writing in this way also shows that he appreciates the scenery here very much: their tastes are so similar, which shows that their aesthetic views are the same.
There is a problem here: it is not the first time that the poet visited the Taoist priest; Since I have been here before, why do I think the scenery around the Taoist temple is as fresh and interesting as when I first came? This is because, when I visited before, the host warmly received me, accompanied me at any time, sat and talked about my feelings. Maybe I didn't watch the environmental scenery in detail, but only had a general impression; Unfortunately, I bumped into the lock this time, hesitated outside the door, carefully observed it, and seemed to have a new discovery and a new understanding of my friends. Therefore, how can the record of this visit not be written into the poem?
Although the beautiful scenery here fascinates the poet, appreciating the scenery is not the purpose of this trip after all. Therefore, at the thought of his friend's absence for a long time, his mood was dim again: "No one knows where to go, and he is worried about two or three loose." Shan Ye is sparsely populated. Who can I ask about the whereabouts of Taoist priests? The poet is helpless and disappointed, and can only sigh, and the sadness in his heart is not difficult to imagine.
Who doesn't worry about visiting friends? However, there is another question here: Why didn't the poet write down this "unexpected" worry at the beginning of his arrival, but after he had enjoyed the beautiful environment? This is because: first, at the beginning, it was disappointing to find visiting friends throwing their hands in the air, but this was not the main mental activity at that time. At that time, the main mental activity was to feel surprised and surprised; In addition, in the poet's heart, there is still a glimmer of hope that the Taoist priest may come back soon. Secondly, if a poet visits friends, confides in each other and exchanges ideas with each other, then by observing the environment, he has made new discoveries and learned more about his friends, and he must have more words to vomit. Daoyou just won't come back at this time. How can this not make people more anxious and worried? Third, it was already noon when the poet first came, and then he enjoyed some scenery, naturally it was afternoon; It has been several hours since dawn, and I have walked more than half of Tianshan Road, tired and hungry. At this time, my sadness is certainly not as good as when I first came. Fourthly, because "no one knows where to go", the scholar doesn't know where to go, and he doesn't know when to return, so it is more difficult to decide whether the poet should continue to wait or return early and visit again another day. And how can this not be worrying? It can be seen that, finally, it is pointed out that "worry" is not only the structural requirement of the ending of couplets and the death of Zhang Xianzhi; More importantly, this is the inevitable result of the poet's emotional development, so it is very natural to use a pen with thick ink and heavy color.
In Sorrow for Two or Three Pines, "Two or Three Pines" added the living environment of Taoist priests by the way, once again secretly wrote the perseverance of Taoist character by symbolic means, and more importantly visualized the poet's anxiety about visiting relatives and friends. Let's look at him from the way he looks forward to this tree and complains about the anxiety and impatience of another tree. If it is too general and abstract for a poet to describe his mood simply with "sorrow", then it is vivid and concrete to describe it with "sorrow leaning on two or three pines". Because the former can only be felt in the heart, and the latter can also be seen in the eyes.
At this point, the theme has been revealed, and the poem will naturally end.
People often say, "Writing is like looking at a mountain, and I don't like peace." The same is true of poetry. Although these five laws are only eight short sentences and forty words, they are full of ups and downs and interesting. "In the barking of dogs, the peach blossoms are strong", and the joy is beyond words; "See the deer when the tree is deep, but don't smell noon in the stream", and the feeling of happiness is blown away by the wind; "Wild bamboo is green and misty, flying springs hang blue peaks", which makes me feel comforted unexpectedly. "No one knows where to go, and I'm worried." Finally, I fell into infinite melancholy. The development of poetry is not only unexpected for readers, but also reasonable for poetry. Looking forward to visiting friends in the mountains, but the Taoist priest is not there; On second thought, the title of the poem clearly says "misfortune", which is expected. Since I haven't met him, I should write about how to be disappointed and melancholy, while the poet enjoys the beautiful scenery of the environment with great interest; However, the above analysis does make sense. While the readers were enjoying the scenery, the word "sadness" suddenly appeared ... the poet used the method of restraining his head and raising his head. In order to contrast the melancholy of visiting friends, he first exaggerated the high interest of visiting friends. It is precisely because of the distant photos of the cheerful mood of leaving early that the emotional depression of waiting for friends to return is particularly obvious. However, from promotion to suppression, feelings did not plummet, not only turning points and turning points, but also temporary recovery. So the poem is full of twists and turns, which is very fascinating.