Du Fu
Later that day, Jiang,
Spring breeze smells of flowers and plants.
Muddy swallows,
Sleeping mandarin ducks on the warm beach.
Precautions:
How beautiful the mountains and rivers are bathed in spring.
Spring breeze brings the fragrance of flowers and plants.
Flying swallows are busy building nests with wet mud in their mouths.
Beautiful Yuanyang sleeps on the beach and basks in the sun.
Evening: refers to spring.
Mud melting: Spring comes, frozen mud melts, wet and soft.
Yuanyang: A beautiful waterfowl, hermaphroditic birds often appear.
Appreciating this poem describes the beautiful and moving scenery in spring. The first sentence and the second sentence focus on the overall situation, with a broad vision, and describe the big environment of nature. The beginning of the poem highlights "Late Sunday", which dominates the whole article. It is precisely because of the arrival of spring that "flowers and plants are fragrant", "mud melting" and "warm sand" will appear. The last two sentences vividly describe two lovely animals, describe the dynamics of swallows and show the hustle and bustle of spring; The static state of Yuanyang appears carefree. Dynamic and static collocation, mutual interest. This poem is beautiful in artistic conception, fresh in style and natural and smooth.
The central idea of this poem captures the unique spring scenery such as sunshine, mountains and rivers, spring breeze, flowers and plants and their fragrance, swallows and mandarin ducks, mud melting and sand warmth, and depicts a beautiful and complicated spring scene for readers, expressing the poet's comfortable mood of staying in the thatched cottage after he ended his wandering life, and also expressing his joy at the vitality and prosperity of nature in early spring.
Quatrain
Zhinan
The shade of ancient wood is a short awning, and the stick thistle helps me cross the east of the bridge.
The clothes are wet and the apricot blossoms are raining, and the face is not cold.
Make an appreciative comment
The living condition of Zhinan is not verified, and it is not as healthy as the "Four Poets of Zhongxing" and "Mr. Er Quan" in the literary world at that time. But this little poem, with its delicate feelings and true description of early spring and February, recorded its name in the history of Song poetry.
Zhao Yu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once wrote in the volume of Poems for Entertainment: "Monks can read poems in the south, and Zhu Wengong tasted and commented:' Southern poems are more beautiful than Gree, and there is no smell of vegetables and bamboo shoots. Like a cloud, "I want wet clothes, I want rain and apricot blossoms, and the willows are not cold." Give it deep love. Zhu's evaluation of his poems is based on whether there is a taste of bamboo shoots, which is actually one of the issues discussed in the poetry theory of the Song Dynasty. Su Shi said in "Giving Poems to Monks, Taoists and General Affairs": "The language has been foggy since ancient times, and the gas contains vegetables and bamboo shoots for the public." Note: "It means there is no sour stuffing." May be the first to put forward this proposition. He commented on a sentence by Si Kongtu in the Tang Dynasty: "The piano is quiet in the court, and the stone altar is high in shadow". He said: "I have tasted the Five Old Peaks, and I have been to the White Crane Yard, where the pine trees are everywhere. I didn't see anyone, but I heard its voice, and then I knew the function of this sentence. But I hate it cold and awkward. " (Shu Tu Shi) clearly shows this tendency. He opposed the poems of monks and the bamboo shoots of vegetables, which was also endorsed by many poets. For example, Ye Mengde's "Shi Lin Shi Hua" said: "There are many monks who study poetry in modern times, and they don't feel detached and complacent. They often copy the legacy of literati. I also made a monk's body with a particularly vulgar rhythm, which the world calls sour stuffing. " Investigating the connotation of bamboo shoots refers to the loneliness of feelings and the coldness of the realm. This is a state closely related to the life and spirit of monks, and it is a specific "wind flow under the forest", which seems to have its rationality. Therefore, in the previous episode, Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden in Conghua" quoted Xiqing's poem as saying: "Dongpo monk poems should be free of bamboo shoots, and poets should take them. If you misunderstand this time, you will make it a language in the world network. I don't know whether the family style and the weather under the forest by the water are indispensable. If you wash away the rhyme and make it the same as the custom, what is enough! " Yuan Haowen put it more bluntly in the Preface to Mu 'an's Poems: "The poems of monks are different from poets because they are covered with bamboo shoots." Indeed, if we admit that life is the only source of all literature and art, then why not admit that bamboo shoots can best reflect the living conditions of poets and monks? In fact, what Su Shi scholars say is to incorporate all poetry creation into the aesthetic taste and standards of literati and obliterate its due uniqueness. This is even inconsistent with Su Shi's thought of pursuing diversity, which is often expressed in his poetics. Therefore, we would rather understand it as his momentary remarks, because from some of his specific works, there are many "bamboo shoots". Returning to the poem "Guide", Zhu praised it for not smelling like bamboo shoots, and said it from the standpoint of a scholar. This shows that Zhinan is an all-rounder in poetry creation, and monks can write good poems with or without bamboo shoots.
Quatrain
Du Fu
Birds on the river wall are too white,
These mountains are blue and white.
I watched it again this spring,
When is the year of reunification?
[translation]
The white spirit with clear water and waterfowl is whiter.
The green peaks set off the flowers as red as a burning fire.
Spring has passed again this year.
I don't know when the day of going home is.
[opinion]
This poem, with its bright colors and fresh and pleasant scenery, contrasts the poet's strong desire to go home and expresses.
I feel that the author has lived in a foreign country for a long time.
[Appreciation] This poem was written by Du Fu after he entered Shu, expressing his feelings of living in a foreign land. "The birds in the river are white, and the mountains are blue and white." This is a landscape painting embedded in a frame. The paper is full of ink, and the painting is colorful and has a fascinating charm. You see, the blue waves are rippling all over the river, revealing white water birds, skimming over the river, what a pleasant scenery! All over the mountains and plains are green, blooming everywhere and extremely red. It's like burning a fire, how brilliant it is! White bird feathers are lined with river walls, and blue and white set each other off; Green hills are lined with red flowers, and green and red compete. The word "Guo" makes the waterfowl whiter and whiter with the blue sediment of the river, and writes deeply and picturesque; And a word "desire" endows the flower with anthropomorphic dynamics and swaying. There are four poetic images of rivers, mountains, flowers and birds, which are depicted in four colors: green, green, red and white. The scene is fresh and pleasing to the eye. However, the poet's will is not here, and then, the pen path turns sharply and sighs.
"I saw it again this spring. When is the year of return?" The word "read through" in the sentence refers directly to the season of writing poetry. The scenery in late spring and early summer is not beautiful, but it is a pity that the years have passed and the return date is far away, which not only does not arouse the interest of playing, but evokes the sadness of wandering.
The artistic feature of this poem is to write sadness with joy. Only by saying that spring is harmonious can we compare the poet's eagerness to return home. It does not reveal homesickness directly from the scenery, but compares the poet's deep homesickness with the difference between objective scenery and subjective feelings.