The couplet "Spring grass dyes the steps, birds sing and flowers smell" is like a close-up, from far to near. From the outside to the inside of the ancestral hall, it describes the interior of the ancestral hall of the Prime Minister. "Spring grass dyed the steps" is the ancestral hall of the Prime Minister who inherited the first sentence. "Reflection" is a cover, and steps are steps. The green grass reflects the steps, indicating that the grass is deep and high, covering the steps. "ego" is a person, just being yourself. Green grass is born in green, and spring tastes beautiful. The implication is that Zhuge Liang's ancestral temple has been neglected, lacking management and repair, and tourists rarely come here. "There are birds chirping happily under the leaves" is the second sentence that Cooper Sensen continued. The oriole is separated by leaves, which shows that the trees are lush; Orioles are flying around among the trees and chirping, but the bird is covered by lush leaves and can only hear its chirping among the leaves. These two sentences are antithetical sentences, which are written about the close-up of Wuhou Temple. It seems that the poet stepped on the steps covered by green grass and crossed the tree-lined passageway with lush foliage and orioles singing. At the same time, it also contains the meaning that Bicao and oriole don't understand the change of personnel and the change of dynasties. These two sentences are a blend of scenes, and the words "self" and "empty" are naturally ingenious and melt into sadness, which is in stark contrast to the beautiful scenery and good voice. For these two poems, some critics of Du Fu's poems think that they are landscapes, while others think that they are "true lyricism, not true landscapes", and both of them certainly have some truth. However, to be more precise, these two sentences should be regarded as "the scenery language contains feelings, and the emotional language contains scenery", which is like the example of "the scenery is harmonious without leaving" mentioned by Fan in the book "Talking about Bed at Night" in the Song Dynasty, which is common in Du Fu's poems. For example, when Du Fu was in Kuizhou, he wrote a poem "Wuhou Temple", which began with two sentences: "The temples were left with painters, and the mountains were covered with vegetation." Writing about the desolation of the scenery outside the temple and expressing the poet's sorrow for the desolation behind Zhuge Wuhou is a vivid example. In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Fuzhi said in "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" that "the name of the scene is two, but it cannot be separated. God is infinite to poets. Skilled people have feelings in the middle of the scene. " Du Fu's lyric poems about scenery can really reach this situation.
"The third call is to focus on state affairs, and the two generations are sincere". "Three visits", three visits, "frequent troubles" and more troubles. "The plan of the world" refers to the strategic strategy of governing the country and leveling the world. "Three summonses" refers to Liu Bei's three visits to the thatched cottage to ask Zhuge Liang for advice and help Shu Han. This sentence highlights Zhuge Liang's great talent. "Two Dynasties" refers to Liu Bei and Liu Chan of Shu Han. "Opening up" makes a great cause and "helping" helps the crisis. The "open economy" corresponds to the "two dynasties" and "the old minister's heart", which means that two generations are assisted, always loyal, and truly "do your best until you die." These two sentences are also antithetical sentences, which describe Zhuge Liang's life achievements. Zhuge Liang assisted Shu Han's civil and military affairs all his life and made great achievements. The poet summed it up in two sentences and fourteen words, highlighting Zhuge Liang's great talent and loyalty and grasping the key points of Zhuge Liang's life achievements. These two couplets are particularly heavy and rich in meaning, which not only vividly shows Zhuge Wuhou's great talent, the hardships of serving the country and his lifelong achievements, but also vividly shows his unswerving spirit and character. At the same time, he solemnly revealed the reasons why the poet admired Zhuge Wuhou. Because this couplet is the focus and core of the whole poem, the poet secretly carried the axe pound from the beginning, constantly creating momentum and circling all the way, which made the focus stand out and used powerful pen and ink. This is also in line with the writing principle of "one strong and one weak" in rhyme. This couplet is also an example of Du Fu's comments on poetry. Originally, lyricism is a prominent feature of poetry, which is generally not discussed. However, in this respect, Du Fu broke the routine and often put arguments into his poems, which not only made his poems unique, but also embodied a skill of Du Fu's poems. Shen Deqian once said in Qing Dynasty: "People call poetry the main character, not the main argument. It seems so, but not necessarily. ..... but the discussion must be emotional. " The discussion of Du Fu's poems is precisely because of its emotional charm, which not only does not dilute the atmosphere and complete images of the poems, but makes the lyrical atmosphere and images of the poems richer. Qiu said that these two poems are "solemn and solemn"; Pu Qilong thinks that this couplet is "syntactically like Kim Joo-sung, which is easy to open; It is like gold, too. "Very insightful. "But before he conquered, he was dead, and the heroes cried on their coats." Set out ",the army went out, and" unfinished "refers to beating Kai after winning but not winning, and" dying first ",in which people die before their careers. This couplet contains five or six sentences, which shows the poet's lofty admiration for Zhuge Liang's dedication and his regret for his unfinished business. In the last sentence, Zhuge Liang went out to Qishan in order to unify the world. He died in the army when he started his career for the last time. "Hero" is a general term. For thousands of years, many heroes often die with hatred when they fail to achieve their goals. These two sentences describe Zhuge Liang's ending and far-reaching influence, highlight the initial failure and eternal resentment, and strengthen the power of touching people's hearts. These two poems are both narrative and lyrical, with concise narration, sincere feelings and touching strength; Coupled with the powerful foreshadowing of the previous six sentences, readers feel both spiritual and memorable. Wang Yuyang once said in Qing Dynasty: "It is always necessary to do something healthy for poetry." Shen Deqian also thinks that "walking out of the distance" is a good way to end a poem. All these beauties are fully reflected at the end of this poem. In China's classical poems, there are many works mourning historic sites. Some people go to a historic site to write a poem as usual. Is there any emotion in it? A little, but not deep. We say Du Fu is an opponent of lyricism. In the poems mourning the historic sites, although they are about ancient times, they also express his inner feelings. The book is a typical example. The first four sentences are mainly about writing scenery and borrowing scenery to express feelings, while the last four sentences are mainly about writing things and borrowing things to express feelings. The front part and the back part are connected by a word "Zi" and a word "Empty". The first four sentences mainly express the admiration for Zhuge and the sadness that Zhuge spirit has been forgotten. The last four sentences mainly express the praise of Zhuge Liang's achievements and the feelings of infinite pursuit of Zhuge Liang's spirit. The whole poem summarizes Zhuge Liang's life achievements by describing the scenery of Wuhou Temple, which not only shows the poet's admiration and regret for Zhuge Liang, but also entrusts the poet with his understanding of social reality and his own experience. This poem seems to express the feelings of mourning for the past, but in fact it is also the expression of the author's heart.