1. Mo Chi's personality and writing background.
Xu Zhimo (1896— 193 1), a native of Haining, Zhejiang Province, whose pen names are Yun Zhonghe, Nanhu and Shizhe. 19 18 went to study in the United States, 1920 went to Cambridge university in England to study for a doctorate. During this period, Xu Zhimo met Lin and had a wonderful time studying abroad.
Farewell to Cambridge is a poem that typically shows Xu Zhimo's poetic style. Poetry records the poet's emotional experience of returning to England and bidding farewell to Cambridge in the autumn of 1928, showing a kind of sadness.
Cambridge, or Cambridge, is the seat of the famous Cambridge University in Britain. Everything about Cambridge has long left a good impression on him. Now I want to say goodbye to it, and thousands of tender feelings and feelings come to my heart.
The He Kang River opened the poet's soul and awakened the long-dormant * * * in his heart, which became a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation. Second, there are countless farewell poems written since ancient times, such as Luo's "Give someone a unique experience in Yishui": "Don't be here in yan dan, a strong man will win the championship.
No one was there at that time, and the water is still cold today. Farewell to the governor's post in Shu: parting from sorrow, the two officials run counter to each other.
After all, the world is just a small place. Wang Changling's Farewell to Xin Jian at Furong Inn: "It's cold and rainy at night, and it's clear to see the guests off in Chushan.
Friends, if my friends in Luoyang invite me; Just say I'm still Bing Xin Okho, and stick to my faith! "To Wang Lun" by Li Bai: "Li Bai was about to go by boat when he heard singing on the shore.
Even if the Peach Blossom Pond is deep, it is not as deep as Wang Lun's sending away my love. "If you compare these poems with this poem by Xu Zhimo, what is the difference between the farewell objects? Qing: Generally speaking, people leave in farewell poems, but what this poem leaves behind is not people, but "clouds in the west". The object of farewell moved from the world to the natural scenery, jumping out of the routine of chilling and urging, giving people a fresh and elegant feeling.
These images (clouds, etc. ) are entrusted with the poet's feelings, and this image entrusted with the poet's feelings is the image of poetry. How poets choose images to express their feelings is exactly what we want to appreciate.
Second, the content of the poem: ① This article is unique in the choice of images, namely: clouds, golden willows, soft waves, green grass, starlight and other natural scenery. (2) What is the function of image selection? Qing: When the poet bid farewell to Cambridge, he avoided the crowds, surrounding high-rise buildings, traffic and other ordinary objects, and chose natural scenery such as clouds, avoiding fireworks and creating a fresh feeling.
For example, the golden willow by the river is compared to the bride in the sunset, thus turning the dead scenery into a living activity, warm and pleasant. The willow reflected in the He Kang River is saturated with the poet's infinite joy and attachment.
The willow branches in the sunset are covered with charming golden yellow. The golden branches sway gently in the wind, and the shadows are reflected in the water, like a beautiful bride.
The beautiful shadow in this wave rippled in the water and in the poet's mind. See love in the scene, there are scenes in love, and the scenes blend together.
The same is true of the choice of other images. The green grass is swaying in the soft waves, as if waving to the poet.
Returning from boating at night, the water waves and starlight complement each other, and the poet can't help singing in the splendor of starlight. The poet's happiness reached its peak through proper image selection.
This is the uniqueness of this poetic image choice. Thirdly, Farewell to Cambridge has three beauties in form: painting beauty, music beauty and architecture beauty.
1, the beauty of painting means that the language of poetry has chosen more colorful words. The whole poem selects words such as "clouds, golden willows, sunset, waves, shadows, green flowers, rainbows and meadows", which gives readers a visual imagination and expresses the author's deep affection for Cambridge.
The whole poem has seven sections, and almost every section has a picture that can be painted. If you gently wave goodbye to the clouds in the west, the golden willows along the river sway in the Hekang River; The aquatic plants at the bottom of the He Kang River are swaying, which seems to have something to say to the poet ... The author makes every painting full of flowing picture beauty, and gives people a three-dimensional sense through words with strong movements, such as waving, rippling, swaying, smashing, swimming back, waving and so on.
2. Musical beauty means that the syllables of poetry are catchy and patchy, which are all manifestations of musical beauty. A, rhyme, rhyme foot is: come, color; Mom, hey; Shake it, grass; Rainbow, dream; Hui, Song; Xiao, bridge; Come on, Cai.
B, syllable harmony, strong sense of rhythm. C, cycle back and forth.
The first paragraph and the last paragraph are similar in meaning and rhythm, forming an echo structure. 3. The beauty of architecture is the symmetry of festivals and the neatness of sentences.
Farewell to Cambridge has seven sections, each with two sentences, with single and double lines staggered by one grid. No matter from the arrangement or the number of words, it is uniform and gives people a sense of beauty. 4. Knowledge point training: 1. The inappropriate explanation of this poem is () A. The word "farewell" is clearly put forward at the beginning, and three words of "tenderness" are used to form a gentle and beautiful melody, which brings the reader into an artistic conception of joy and even praise.
B in the second to fourth sections, the poet used a series of colorful images such as "golden willow", "colourful shadow", "green grass", "a pool under the shade of elm" and "rainbow dream" to describe the beautiful scenery of He Kanghe and express his attachment. C. In the fifth and sixth sections, the poet's mood changed from soothing to passionate, and he wanted to "sing in the starlight"; But then it fell back to the reality of parting, and the two "silences" expressed the poet's endless melancholy.
D in the last poem, two "quietness" followed the "quietness" and "silence" of the previous poem, echoing the first poem at a distance, but the poet's mood changed from a faint melancholy to a more melancholy and sad melancholy. 2, the appreciation of this poem, inappropriate is () A. This poem is like a beautiful piece of music. The lingering poems flow out with the gentle ups and downs of the melody, one after another, singing three sighs and lingering sound.
B.this poem is like a vivid picture. A series of almost perfect color changes and image combinations form a flowing charm, with elegance in splendor and quietness in elegance. C. This poem has a perfect form and structure, with four sentences in each section, and each poem is basically composed of three sentences, which are symmetrical and harmonious, and seek order in freshness and liveliness.
D this poem perfectly embodies the unique aesthetic pursuit of Neo-metrical Poetry School, but aestheticism also hinders the expression of the ideological content of the work to some extent. 3. Try to appreciate another parting poem by Xu Zhimo, Nora on the shore of a poem.
Write an appreciation article.
2. What are the artistic features of Farewell to Cambridge?
1. Musical beauty (rhyming) A. Musical beauty is catchy and patchy for the syllables of poetry, which are all manifestations of musical beauty. Taking A Farewell to Cambridge as an example, its rhyming feet are: Lai and Cai (á i); Niang, Yang (iá ng); Shake it, grass (á o); Rainbow, dream (ó ng); Xiao, Qiao (á o); Come, color (ái). Every verse rhymes, one by one, and the rhythm is harmonious. B the meaning of the first section and the last section are similar, and the rhythm is consistent, which constitutes the echo structure of the circle. 2. The beauty of painting (the beauty of words) refers to the colorful words used in poetic language. The whole poem is "Cloud, Golden Willow, Flower". At the same time, it also expresses the author's deep feelings for Cambridge. Almost every paragraph of the poem contains a picture that can be drawn. For example, waving goodbye to the western clouds, the golden willows along the river are reflected in the Hekang River. The aquatic plants at the bottom of the He Kang River seem to have something to say to the poet ... The author makes every painting full of flowing picture beauty, giving people a three-dimensional sense through words with strong movements, such as "fluttering", "rippling", "swaying", "swimming back" and "fluttering". 3. Architectural beauty (symmetry of poems and uniformity of sentences) is economical.
3. What are the ideological contents and artistic features of Farewell to Cambridge?
Farewell to Cambridge is a lyric poem about scenery. What is it about? Summarized in three sentences: it is a feeling of nostalgia, farewell and sentimentality after disillusionment.
It means subjective thoughts and feelings; Context is the objective scenery described in poetry. What is artistic conception? It is the perfect combination of subjective thoughts and feelings of characters and objective scenery, forming a unique artistic picture called artistic conception.
Of course, we appreciate Xu Zhimo's poem just like other poems, and we need to mobilize our own life and knowledge accumulation, and then we will talk about this poem one after another. If we analyze the poem "I left gently, just as I came gently, I waved goodbye to the clouds in the western sky", we can sum it up in a few words: slow rhythm, light movements, lingering affection, and a touch of sadness.
Also, I would like to add that as a farewell to the clouds in the western sky, the rosy clouds in the western sky give us the impression that they have laid a gorgeous color for the later description, and the whole scenery is reflected by the sunset. So use this sentence to sum up and set the tone for this poem.
The golden willow by the river is the bride in the sunset, and the gorgeous shadow in the waves ripples in my heart. This poem really describes the beauty of He Kanghe. At the same time, the willow "Liu"-"Liu" in ancient poetry has the meaning of farewell, which left a deep impression on the poet, and how much care was expressed in the form of "rippling in my heart". Of course, his techniques are comparable (personification and imitation), combined with the third sentence: "The grass on the soft mud is oily and swaying at the bottom of the water; In the soft waves of Cambridge, I would like to be a water plant. " This poem highlights the quiet and free realm of Cambridge, and freedom and beauty are what Xu Zhimo pursues.
At the same time, it shows a kind of love, and the water grass seems to welcome the arrival of the poet. Thirdly, I don't think it is completely divorced from the artistic conception of China's poems. And China's ancient poems have something in common, that is, the unity of things and me.
The second sentence is to change the customer into the main, and the third sentence is to change the main to the customer, so that the two can be integrated and unforgettable. These two poems just illustrate the close relationship between Xu Zhimo and Cambridge.
These are the three aspects we talked about earlier: determining the ideal, stepping into the world of poetry, and expressing our feelings in the wonderful scenery. The three are closely linked and express their feelings through concrete images.
And we appreciate poetry from images and gradually accept the poet's mind. The fourth season is the turning point. "That pool under the shade of elm is not a clear spring, but a rainbow in the sky. It was crushed in impetuousness and precipitated a rainbow-like dream."
This poem adopts a combination of reality and fiction. "Reality" is the description of scenery, and "emptiness" is the use of symbolic techniques. A pool of water is clear and the glow is reflected. "It's not a clear spring, it's a rainbow in the sky." It's a red light. It's real writing.
However, there are many algae floating on the pool water, which block part of the glow and are fragmentary, some red and some green, like soft water, very vivid. This "kneading dough" is well written, and it is also the disillusionment of my dream.
So how does this dream make us feel? This reminds me of a poem written by Mr. Wen Yiduo to commemorate the death of his eldest daughter. He used a metaphor "like a summer dream, like a clock in a dream". As we all know, dreams are beautiful, bells are melodious but short-lived, so rainbow-like dreams are beautiful and short-lived.
1927 His dream was shattered, and he was at odds with Lu Xiaoman, so he was depressed. Section 5: Speaking of dreams, did you come to Cambridge and your alma mater this time to find your dreams? "A dream? Support a long pole, slowly trace back to the greener place on the grass, load a boat with splendor, and sing in the splendor.
"This poem is Xu Zhimo's memory and nostalgia for his past life. He lived in Cambridge for two years and laid back. At that time, he had his own ideals, lived a full life and was full of hope for tomorrow.
So he used "a boat full of stars" to describe life at that time, which is symbolic. The best poem is the third poem.
The past has become history, and it is still a little sad to return to reality, so "silence is to leave other voices, and summer insects are silent for me." Silence is Cambridge tonight. " This poem is emotional * * *, which fully shows Xu Zhimo's feelings for Cambridge and concentrates on the sadness of parting.
This poem needs to be understood in connection with other poems, including ancient poems. "Quiet is to leave other voices" is a metaphor.
For example, the description in Su Shi's Poems on Qianchibi is sad and the flute is joyful, so Xiao is used as a metaphor to illustrate the poet's mood. Therefore, the action of "silence" has the feelings of a poet, and then "summer insects are silent for me, and silence is Cambridge tonight." Poetry pays attention to conciseness. Why do you repeat "silence", "quietness" and "gentleness" over and over again? This is not a waste of language, but precisely his point of view.
In fact, "silence" is the deepest feeling of people. For example, Liu Yong's poem "Rain Circle" says that "holding hands to see tears is speechless", and Su Shi's poem "Jiangchengzi" says that "ten years of life and death are boundless". He recalled that ten years after the death of his wife Wang Fu, when they met, they "looked after each other silently and shed only a thousand tears".
"Silence here is better than sound", and Li Bai's "Yellow Crane Tower Farewell to Meng Haoran in Yangzhou": "An old friend said goodbye to the West Yellow Crane Tower, and fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March". By contrast, spring is bright and flowers are in full bloom in March. Unfortunately, my friend wants to leave me. For example, "Where the petals have shed tears, the solitary bird has sung grief", and the next two sentences "The solitary sail is far away and the blue sky is exhausted, only the Yangtze River flows in the sky.
"Meaning is between words and images." No words are often used to evaluate poetry, which means that poetry does not say sadness, but expresses sadness most appropriately, watching friends leave and standing in isolation for a long time, showing deep feelings.
For example, Wang Guowei said that "all scenery words are sentimental words" and "writing scenery is lyrical". Therefore, "only looking at the Yangtze River flowing in the sky" can cause us a lot of reverie, for example, Li Yu's "how much sorrow can there be, just like a river flowing eastward". As long as it reminds us of poetry, it is a good poem, and tells us to mobilize our own knowledge accumulation to appreciate poetry, so that similar poems can be produced in our minds to understand new poems.
Writing well is the refinement and sublimation of the poet's life experience. In other words, we can reach the poet's heart through the bridge of life. For example, do students who have just left their parents feel more comfortable reading Farewell to Cambridge?
4. Say goodbye to Cambridge's writing characteristics
1, with a unique idea, is unconventional: first, the poet avoids the farewell objects of general farewell poems. Generally, people send farewell poems, but this poem sends farewell not to people, but to "clouds in the western sky". The object of farewell has moved from the world to the sky, jumping out of the stereotype of "holding hands and staring with tears" or greeting and urging, giving people a fresh and elegant feeling. Secondly, there is always a smell of "parting from sorrow". However, this poem only paints the scenery without imitating the sound, creating a silent environment with "gentleness", "quietness" and "silence", eliminating the heavy feeling brought by "parting" and adding elegant elements. Third, it has a unique image choice. According to the general situation, when the poet bids farewell to Cambridge and there are people seeing him off, he can still hear the roar of machinery in his ear. However, all these are not accepted by poets. The objects of expressing feelings in the poem are clouds, golden willows, soft waves, green grass, starlight and other natural objects, which avoid the fireworks and create a fresh feeling. 2. The picturesque beauty with vivid artistic conception and rich fluidity: seven poems. It brings people the enjoyment of visual beauty, such as the western clouds waving goodbye gently, the reflection of the golden willow on the bank of the He Kang River, the swaying aquatic plants on the bottom of the He Kang River, the green pool covered with floating algae under the elm tree shade, etc. And through the words with strong actions such as "waving", "rippling", "swaying", "rolling" and "waving", every picture is turned into a dynamic picture. It shows the spirit of the times since the May 4th Movement: Xu Zhimo is an admirer of nature. He advocates that human beings should be close to nature, return to nature and blend with nature. The "Cambridge World" he discovered is a "nature reserve" with the same human mind. In his poems, he seems to have an instinctive induction and recognition of nature and achieve harmony with nature, such as "I" and "clouds in the western sky"
5. What are the artistic features of Farewell to Cambridge?
Many people think that A Farewell to Cambridge is really nothing important in terms of ideological content, but it shows a very common and ordinary parting and a microwave-like parting, and it has no profound ideological significance.
I think A Farewell to Cambridge shows me a poet's heart-a frank and sincere heart. It also makes me feel a kind of persistence and pursuit of beautiful nature, beautiful life and beautiful dreams.
How can you say that these have no profound ideological significance? For Xu Zhimo, Cambridge is not only a pleasant and fresh place to study, but also Xu Zhimo's spiritual home. Cambridge is called "a rare bosom friend", "the source of life" and "the hometown of spiritual attachment" by him. The natural scenery of Cambridge broadens the poet's horizons. The poet listened to the sound of running water under the starlight, the bells of nearby villages in the middle of the night, and the sound of tired cattle and grass in the river. The beauty, tranquility and harmony of nature, in the tacit understanding of starlight and waves, unexpectedly poured into the poet's soul.
He pursues the truth, goodness and beauty of life in the true beauty and pure beauty of nature, and the truth, goodness and beauty of life are also indirectly reflected in works of art, but the artistic form is not so important. It should be said that there is no farewell to Cambridge without sincere feelings for nature, life and art, and without an open and enthusiastic heart.
The first sentence in the poem, "I left gently, just as I came gently", is like mumbling and whispering. Usually, my heart is full of surprises and joy. It is because of the surprise and joy that the poet was full of nostalgia and melancholy when he left. Therefore, walking gently can't just come gently. It doesn't matter, but this is a partial comparison. In contrast, it just reveals the true feelings that cannot be suppressed. The ancients said that they would write their sadness with a happy scene and write their music with a scene.
Double sadness and happiness. There is a cloud in The Book of Songs: "I was away yesterday, Vitamin Yiyi. Now that I think about it, it rains and snows. "
In the same way, the scene I recalled when I left, in the contrast of emotional poles, the poet's heart needs readers to supplement his imagination, and in the overlap and repetition of "light", it is tortuous and tearful. In the second part of the poem, I turned to describe the natural scenery of Cambridge. The golden willow by the river is Sina in the sunset, and the beautiful images in the waves ripple in my heart.
The sun sets, but it is brilliant. See things in a blur.
The "bride" is shy and silent, but she is also radiant. In the poet's eyes, He Kang is like the bride in his heart, mysterious and gorgeous, arousing the poet's emotion and attracting him to enter He Kang and nature gradually. The third paragraph of the poem reads: "The green grass on the soft mud is swaying underwater; In the gentle waves of He Kanghe, I would like to be an aquatic plant! "The spotless He Kanghe and the free and cheerful aquatic plants make the poet willingly integrate with He Kanghe.
Just being a water plant is full of excitement and fun. In fact, the pure beauty of nature keeps the poet away from the noise of the world. The suffering, boredom, bondage, depression and boredom in the world have all vanished, leaving only this purity, tranquility and freedom.
Therefore, the poet is immersed in the peace and freedom of the soul, so he should sing loudly and pursue his dreams. "Find a dream, support a long pole, wander back to the greener place of the grass, full of splendor, and sing in the splendor."
This poem is generally understood as returning by boat in the middle of the night. The water waves and starlight complement each other, and the poet can't help singing in the splendor of starlight. I think this poem has both reality and emptiness, and it is a combination of reality, emptiness and scene.
Looking for dreams, we have to go to greener grasslands. The poet's dream here is not a dream in the general sense, but a dream of life, art and love. He stays away from everything that binds him and embraces life and beauty in this dreamlike paradise. In the fourth quarter of the poem, I took a sharp turn and returned to reality from my dream. My true self could no longer sing.
The flute can be played, but the poet's flute can only be played quietly. Cambridge also observed a moment of silence for the poet and observed the poet's inner sadness.
After the poem gained momentum through a series of arrangements, the poet's feeling of parting reached * * *, and the first poem changed again in repetition. At the beginning, "I left quietly, just as I came gently", and at the end, it became "I left quietly, just as I came quietly."
Gently is silent, quietly is silent and wordless, and wordless is the inner feeling. Emotion has more connotations. When you come quietly, you can't say a word of joy and excitement, but you can't say a word of depression and joy. When I left, I couldn't say a word of depression and sadness. The two extremes of emotion are juxtaposed. The poet's inner feelings need readers to slowly understand.
The first verse of this poem is a gentle wave, bidding farewell to the clouds in the western world. Rational farewell, faint sadness; In the last sentence of the poem, waving sleeves does not take away a cloud, and waving sleeves does not take away a cloud.
With a flick of the sleeve, the action is more powerful than a flick, but you can't take away a cloud, which you can't take away. The impossible is said to be possible, and unnatural language can best express the poet's feelings. Cambridge is the poet's dream of life, love and art. As a lover, the poet can't bear to disturb her. At the same time, the poet knows that Cambridge has taken away everything from the poet.
Took away the poet's soul, took away the poet's pursuit and dream of truth, goodness and beauty, and all this beauty stayed in Cambridge forever. In a word, Farewell to Cambridge touched readers with the true feelings flowing from the poet's heart. As long as an artist has an open heart, his works are thoughtful, not artificial and flashy.
We love Xu Zhimo and Cambridge because we also lament the disappearance of beautiful feelings and beautiful pursuits, and we also miss the pure dream we once had in our lives.
6. Genre of Farewell to Cambridge
Farewell to Cambridge is a beautiful lyric poem, just like an elegant and beautiful light music.
1In the autumn of 928, the author visited England again, revisiting his old place, which was full of poetry, and turned his life experience into a series of emotions, blending into the beautiful scenery of Cambridge and galloping in the poet's imagination. The whole poem begins with "tenderness", "walking", "waving" and "parting from the clouds", and then uses the alternating method of reality and reality to describe a series of flowing pictures, which constitutes a wonderful artistic conception and shows in detail the poet's love for Cambridge, longing for his past life and helpless sadness at present.
This poem shows the poet's superb artistic skills. The poet combines specific scenery with imagination to form a vivid artistic image of poetry, and skillfully blends atmosphere, feelings and scenes into the artistic conception to achieve the feelings and scenes in the scene.
The structure of the poem is rigorous and neat. The whole poem consists of 7 sections, each with 4 lines, forming two parallel steps; 1 and 3 lines are slightly shorter, and 2 and 4 lines are slightly longer, ranging from 6 to 8 words per line. It seems that the poet intends to combine the forms of metrical poetry and free verse, making it a new form of poetry, full of nationalization and modern architectural beauty.
The language of the poem is fresh and beautiful, the rhythm is gentle and euphemistic, harmonious and natural. With the ups and downs of emotions, it is like a melodious board, light and tactfully, touching the readers' heartstrings. In the 1920s, the poet Wen Yiduo advocated the beauty of music, painting and architecture in modern poetry. Farewell to Cambridge can be said to have three beauties, and it is the swan song in Xu Zhimo's poems.