Metaphor: The structure of metaphor is generally composed of ontology, vehicle and figurative words. The ontology and vehicle of metaphor must be different things, but they are similar. Using metaphor can turn plain into vivid, abstruse into simple and abstract into concrete.
2. Analogy: including personification and imitation. Personification is to describe things as adults and give them human emotions, will, actions, etc. Imitation is to describe people as things, or to describe this thing as another thing. Using analogy can make people or things colorful and vivid.
3. Metonymy: replacing noumenon with body. It does not directly refer to the person or thing to be expressed, but uses related things instead, which can be replaced by parts, features, ontologies and proper names. Metaphor requires similarity between ontology and vehicle, while metonymy requires similarity between borrowing and ontology. Metonymy can concretize expression.
4. Exaggeration: including reasonable exaggeration or reduction of things. Lu Xun wrote in Medicine: ... eyes are like two knives, cutting the old bolt in half. "The last sentence used the exaggeration of" narrowing ". Exaggeration should be reasonable, its function is to set off the atmosphere, enhance association, inspire people and enhance the expression effect.
5. Duality: commonly known as "antithesis", it is called "antithesis" in poetry. Duality can be divided into wide pair and strict pair. Generally speaking, the number of words, relative parts of speech, structure and related meanings of the upper and lower sentences should be the same; It can be a phrase or a sentence. There are positive, negative and flowing equivalent types. Use duality, neat sentences, concise expression and lyricism.
6. Parallelism: It consists of three or more phrases or sentences with the same or similar structure, related content and consistent tone. Its function is to strengthen tone, content and emotion.
7. Ask questions: Ask questions without doubt, attract attention in self-questioning and self-answering, and inspire people to think.
8. rhetorical question: there is no doubt, but the answer lies in the sentence, that is, the negative meaning is expressed in a positive form, and the positive meaning is expressed in a negative form. It has the function of strengthening tone and emotion.