Parnas school, as a new trend against romanticism, is the expression of French naturalism literature in poetry. It has the following characteristics:
1. It requires objectification of poetry. Parnas school is not opposed to expressing personal feelings in poetry, but they do not regard expressing personal feelings as the main task of poetry. They especially like the outside world, so they try to hide their personal feelings behind objective things, instead of using poetry as a place to pour out their feelings and "display" themselves in front of readers like romanticists; And they think that it is a blasphemy to the feelings themselves.
2. Make poetry scientific. They advocate the combination of science and poetry, trying to make poetry baptized by the spirit of science: advocating rationality and attaching importance to analysis. They believe that to describe the theme of ancient myths and legends, we must first make in-depth and detailed analysis and research on the characters, events and backgrounds described; Only on the basis of scientific and accurate understanding can we reach the artistic realm of reappearing historical truth. They oppose the romanticism's ancient use of "I" and the use of the topic.
3. Pay attention to the form of poetry. They are extremely disgusted with the neglect of skills and language by some romantic poets. They require poetry to have strict structure, accurate language, harmonious rhythm and rhyme. A poet should be a poet as well as a rhetorician, perfect in both language and meter.
At that time, besides jose maria de heredia, there were Theodor de banville, Cartier Mendes, Sully Prudhomme, Coppe, Villier de Lille-Adam, Leon Dierkes, Mrs. Ackerman, Vereland and Rambo who participated in the creative activities of Parnas School centered on leconte de Lille. Banville's "On French Poetry Metrics" was regarded as a guide to poetry writing at that time, which played a certain role in the formation of a generation of poetic style.
Parnas school
Le Parnasse
19th century French literature school. Parnas is a famous mountain in Greece, which is said to be inhabited by the muse, the god of poetry, so it is also a holy place for poets to get inspiration. In 196s and 197s, a group of young poets published three collections of poems in Paris, named Contemporary Parnas. Poets who published their works in Contemporary Parnas have the same artistic tendency, so they are called Parnas School. Gauthie was a pioneer of Parnas school. As a new trend against romanticism, Parnas School first requires objectification of poetry, and also requires that poetry should be scientific, rational and analytical. In the form of poetry, it opposes the freedom and looseness of romantic poetry and advocates strict poetic law. Its appearance is the reflection of scientific thought and positivism philosophy in the field of poetry in the second half of the 19th century. It advocates advocating rationality and paying attention to analysis in an attempt to introduce natural science, history and philosophy into poetry. Therefore, it can also be said that Parnas School is the expression of naturalism in poetry. The first volume of Contemporary Parnas published in 1866 included the works of 37 poets, including Gauthie, banville, leconte de Lille, Baudelaire, sully prudhomme, Malarme and Wei Erlun. The second volume published in 1871 included the works of 56 poets such as leconte de Lille. The third volume, published in 1871, contains the works of 63 poets. Parnas School has a large and complicated lineup, and on the premise of pursuing the perfection of poetic form, they each embody some characteristics of this school in different degrees.