Era: Tang
Author: Dai Shulun - "Sanlu Temple"
Content:
The flow of Yuan and Xiang is endless, and the flow of water is endless. What a deep grudge!
At dusk, the autumn wind blows, and the trees flutter in the woods.
Appreciation:
Sanlu Temple is a temple dedicated to Qu Yuan, the Sanlu official of Chu State in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to the "Qing Yitong Zhi", the temple is located in Beiliu, Xiangyin County, Changsha Prefecture. Shili (today's Miluo County). This poem was written in memory of Qu Yuan.
When Sima Qian said about Qu Yuan: "Qu Ping followed the right path, devoted his loyalty and wisdom to serve his king, and slandered the world. He was very poor. He was trustworthy but was doubted, and was loyal but was slandered. How can he have no resentment? ?" ("Historical Records. Biography of Qu Yuan") The poet expressed his feelings about Qu Yuan's life and events in clear and implicit verses around the word "resentment".
Yuan and Xiang are two rivers often chanted in Qu Yuan's poems. "Huaisha" said: "The vastness of Yuanxiang is diverted by the gurgling water. The road is hidden and hidden, and the road is far away." "The King of Xiang" also says: "Let the Yuanxiang River have no waves and make the river flow peacefully." "The poem begins with Yuan Xiang, which is not only a reference to the scene, but also a metaphor: Yuanshui Xiangjiang, what is the flow of the river like? It's like Qu Zi's endless resentment for thousands of years. How can one describe the poet's deep resentment? Like the deep flowing water of Yuanxiang. The word "endless" in the first sentence expresses the long-lasting grievances, and the word "how deep" in the latter sentence expresses the depth of grievances. Both sentences start from the word "resentment", the image is clear and inclusive, and the writing is intricate and melodious. Li Ying's "Book of Poetry Yi Yi" believes: "When you chant the ancients, you must be able to write about the gods of the ancients, so as to live up to the title. The first two sentences of this poem are hanging in the air, and they describe Qu Zi's life's loyalty and anger that are still there today, and the origin of it. "Wonderful, it has been called the perfect tune." This is quite insightful.
However, why did Qu Zi complain? What to complain about? What about the poet's own feelings and attitudes? The poem does not tell the whole story, but only paints a specific image to guide readers to think. The autumn wind on the river, the maple trees swaying down, and thousands of years have passed, but the scenery next to the Sanlu Temple remains the same as before. However, after Qu Zi sank into the river, where did he go to call his wronged soul back? "The autumn wind is rolling, and the waves in the Dongting are under the wooden leaves." "There are maples on the Zhanzhan River, and the eyes are thousands of miles away, which hurts the heart of spring. The soul returns to mourn for Jiangnan!" These are the words in Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs" and "Calling the Soul" The famous line, the poet looks back on the present and recalls the past, touches the scenery and makes him feel emotional. He borrowed it and turned it into the conclusion of the poem: "At dusk, the autumn wind rises, and the maple trees flutter in the woods." The season is late autumn when "autumn wind blows", the time is "sunset", and the scenery is "maple forest". In addition, the use of the onomatopoeic word "xiaoxiao" makes it feel endless resentment and infinite sadness. This writing method is called "using scenes to express emotions" or "using scenes to cut emotions". The picture is clear and thought-provoking, the poetry is timeless but not obscure, and the profound emotional connotations are contained in the prescribed scenery description, making people feel The scenery is as if it were in the present, but the aftertaste is melody. Just imagine, "resentment" has been pointed out before, but if it is still expressed in a straightforward way, instead of combining clarity and implicitness, so as to convey the meaning in the air and let people understand it beyond words, how boring it will be! The conclusion of this poem has always been praised by poetry critics. "Book of Poetry Yi Yi Jian Lu" also praised: "Three or four sentences only describe the scene in front of you, without criticizing it, and the power is particularly high. Anyone who chants ancient poems to describe the scene must be similar to the person in order to be charming, otherwise "It's too broad." Zhong Xing's "Return of Tang Poems" said: "This poem can't be combined into three parts. It's unpredictable." It has a sense of sadness and emotion, which is the highest among the five unique styles." Everyone affirms the beauty of its extravagant and subtle meaning.
Poetry is an art of imagery, and it is also the most suggestive and revelatory art. If it is clear but not subtle, then it will be like a shallow beach where you can see the bottom at a glance; if it is subtle but not clear, then it will be like a written book that is incomprehensible. Dai Shulun's "Sanlv Temple" has the best of both worlds. The clear scenes are engaging, while the implicit ones arouse the reader's imagination.