First of all, a strong sense of hardship and criticism is the ideological basis for the formation of the "depressed and frustrated" style of Du Fu's poems.
Du Fu's sense of hardship and critical spirit are all derived from the Confucian thought of benevolent governance, and Du Fu's ideal political model is still the Confucian political model, that is, rule by virtue. In his poems, "Sick trees, orange nan, orange brown, ancient plug, autumn clouds, ... even Gao Jiang, Xia Ji, Cheng Wei, a lonely boat, a crying ape, a bird, a fallen petal, Leng Yue and a sorrowful weaver girl, an old woman who threw dates in front of the hall, a groaning old farmer, a newly married couple, a usurped official and a arrogant general all show the poet Du Fu's right.
Second, the war in the country and the sufferings of the people are the realistic basis of his "depressed and frustrated" poetic style.
Du Fu's existing poems 1400 deeply reflect the social panorama of more than 20 years before and after the Anshi Rebellion in Tang Dynasty. The poet closely combined his personal life with the life of the country and the people, realizing the perfect unity of ideological content and artistic form.
The poet's life is full of patriotic enthusiasm: "Dare to love death while living, lonely and frightened" (Day of the Dead), how much the poet loves the motherland; "How can you answer the question" ("General"), how worried the poet is about the future of the motherland; "If you want to save the wound, go to the thief first" ("Send Wei to satirize Langzhou to join the army"), which is a prescription prescribed by the poet to save the country and the people. It is the poet's ardent hope for his friends and the poet's sincere love for the country. "If the public is in Taiwan, you will not love yourself in danger."
In 759, the Anshi Rebellion broke out in the fifth year. Although the two capitals have been recovered, the war has not subsided, the country has not stabilized and the people are still in dire straits. Du Fu, who was concerned about the country and the people, always paid attention to the war of counterinsurgency and put the war of elimination at heart. On the eve of his trip to Qin Zhou, he first wrote poems about the counter-insurgency war, such as Washing Horses, Three Officials and Three Farewells.
In addition to sincere patriotism, caring for the people is also reflected in Du Fu's poems.
The Sixth and Eighth Poems of Twenty Qinzhou Miscellaneous Poems: Play in the city, and the Han Festival belongs to the hillside. Stop rivers from entering the sea and send a letter to Jinwei. Scholars are bitter and black, and forests are sparse. It's better to go back and forth. I hate the siege of Yecheng. I heard the source and came back this way. How much will Penny pay? Ten thousand horses are here, looking at the secluded swallow. When does the county town open? Athletes in the Eastern Expedition are exhausted, and the Qiang flute plays at dusk. When the poet arrived, he saw that the soldiers who had been given the fine-tuning imperial edict had "gone into the sea" to save the rebellion in Hebei. When he witnessed "the soldiers were miserable", he expressed sympathy for the soldiers who had traveled long distances, so he wrote at the end, "Is it worth defending?" Disliking the war around Yecheng is the main feature of troubled times, which is fundamentally opposed to a harmonious society. Poetry is used to reflect the remnants of the war, express the author's criticism of the war, and express Du Fu's desire to make the country prosperous and the people safe.
His "Car Shop" conveys people's aversion to endless wars with a heavy sigh. "We remember that others were sent to the north to guard rivers when they were fifteen years old, and were sent to western farming farms when they were forty years old. When they left, the mayor put a headscarf on them and still guarded the border when they came back." Infantry also used "Don't you see Han families, Shandong, 200 States and thousands of villages, where nothing grows except weeds? Even if a healthy woman hoes a pear, the furrows in the east and the west are broken? The bloody accusation of the United States reveals the great damage that the war has brought to the rear economy. Between the lines, it conveys the author's deep sympathy for the broad masses of people who have suffered from war and deep doubts about the value of war. It can be said that the feeling of "worrying about the country and the people" is another important reason for the "depressed and frustrated" style of Du Fu's poems.
Thirdly, homesickness for relatives and sorrow for oneself are the important emotional basis of Du Fu's "depressed and frustrated" style.
We look at Du Fu's poem "Ascending the Mountain": "The sky is high and the wind is urgent, apes crow and birds crow, and the blue lake and white sand return. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. Bad luck has a bitter frost on my temples, and heartache and fatigue are a thick layer of dust in my wine. " This poem mainly expresses the poet's distress about life and worries about his troubled home country. A poet's four-sentence scenery description shows a bleak and desolate autumn scenery with the piercing ape cry, hovering Jiang Niao and fallen leaves from far and near in the strong autumn wind and turbulent river, paving the way for the appearance of the lyric hero below, which not only creates a sad atmosphere, but also builds a platform for the lyric hero to appear-showing a vast and boundless space.
Only after this did the poet let a lonely old man who had been ill for more than a hundred years and was sad for autumn in Wan Li come out: "Wan Li" shows that the poet is wandering in the distance; "A Guest" takes care of "Wan Li", and the word "Chang" shows that the poet has been stranded in a foreign land for a long time; Sad Autumn reveals the poet's inner sadness; "Hundred years" means that the poet is old; The addition of a word "illness" and a word "excess" shows that the poet's health is declining and has reached his twilight years; A Man on the Stage shows the poet's loneliness and difficulty in walking. Du Yangtian's sighing image reminds us of Qu Zi, who was haggard, dressed in blue and singing by the Ze River more than two thousand years ago. A poet is like a yellow leaf, hanging from the branches of a chilly autumn wind. I'm really worried that he will be blown down at any moment. Fourteen words describe the poet's own suffering, which can be said to be beyond measure. The poet's yearning for his hometown, his grief over the death of his loved ones and his deep sorrow over his wandering experience are clearly reflected in many poems. We can't ignore the important influence of these factors on Du Fu's "depressed and frustrated" style.
Du Fu regards poetry as his life, and his poems are closely related to his rich personal life experience. In order to dispel his anger and injustice towards the unreasonable society, and to vent the long-standing inherent contradiction in life thought and the great contrast between ideal and reality, gloomy and frustrated poetic style is his best choice, and history has made Du Fu.