[1] There is also a special local horse racing festival, which is held at the foot of Happy Horse Mountain in the countryside near Kunming, Yunnan. This kind of grand gathering gathered people from four towns and villages in Fiona Fang for nearly a hundred miles. At that time, department stores gathered and all kinds of arts were presented, which was an eye-opener for foreigners. It is not only interesting, but also informative. Horse packers carrying Sixiang shochu unloaded the jars on the spot, stood aside to attract customers, and kept scooping wine with small bamboo tubes for people to taste. Some elderly people walked around in the parade, nodding and shaking their heads. If they don't drink much at ordinary times, it is inevitable that they will be a little drunk when walking around the venue. All kinds of sweet and sour food stalls are also rich in Yunnan local characteristics, which are rare in other places. To the delight of the women, the first-class silversmiths in urban and rural areas brought all kinds of new jewelry, set up small cloth sheds on the flat ground, and all the scenes began, opening on the spot, boiling, frying, beating, drilling, blowing, plating, embedding and connecting, which was very lively. Selling homemade cloth and pillows, selling lace, five-color silk thread, rouge gouache and fragrant pancreas are all specially prepared for female customers. Old-fashioned enlightenment books such as woodcut "Hundred Family Names" can often be found on stationery stalls. Everyone's main interest is naturally horse racing, and they are particularly concerned about the victory or defeat of the village, which is similar to the situation of rowing dragon boats. I am not interested in horse racing. Most of Yunnan horse skeletons are short, close to what the ancients called "dismounting". Usually, when you are a mount, your waist strength is good when you climb mountains and cross mountains, and it is not easy to lose your hoof when you walk at night. Trotting in the plain, the drilling step is symmetrical and steady, and it looks full of energy. But at that time, I really had other plans, just hoping to find a little "secret" from those horses with different equipment. Because I have some common sense of arts and crafts, there are many unsolved problems in the history of lacquer processing. Looking at the notes of people in the Tang and Song Dynasties, most people think that the practice of "rhinoceros skin paint" came from the southwest, and it was made by drawing a saddle and rubbing it for a long time. "Boluo lacquer" is a kind of rhinoceros skin, and "Boluo" is an alias of a tiger from Fan Chuo's Schumann, which shows that Boluo lacquer is named after the south. But there is a lack of physical objects
It is still difficult to determine whether to obtain evidence, admit it or deny it. Because I have lived in the countryside near Dianchi Lake in Kunming for a long time, and I usually catch the train to the city, I found all kinds of colorful overlapping points on the saddle bridge, which proved that the records such as "Yin Yan Lu" are not completely unreasonable. The so-called secret is to explore more carefully by riding horses from four towns with different equipment. The result is very clear. There are not only cloud spots on the rhinoceros skin, but also cowhide patterns mixed with five colors. This is the practice of "seven-pattern brush silk paint" in the Song Dynasty. As for Song Mingtie's wrong silver stirrup, it can be seen everywhere. Yunnan was the first to produce copper lacquer, and it also had a tradition of craftsmanship. The production of harness follows an ancient system, which was originally very common and natural. But these small discoveries are meaningful to me, because I understand the method of "from the history of physical evidence" and then use it to study the history of material culture and the development of craft patterns, and I can get many new discoveries. At that time, I was very satisfied with the crowd of people and horses, which really conformed to the ancients' saying that "horses are beyond the grave." But not long after, the updated discovery lured me back to the past, thinking that it was better to study old problems from horseback than to sell them, but it was far less interesting than listening to life carols from the living. It turns out that there are many wonderful activities in the horse racing festival. On the other side of the slope, there is a secluded place covered with small pine forests and thorns. At that time, groups of young men and women were singing everywhere, which can also be said to be "emotional horse racing", and their enthusiasm was no less than riding a horse. Yunnan is the hometown of poetry, and Lunan and Yixi have long been famous for their songs and dances. This time, it enriched my knowledge. This is a unique place. People who are in tune with each other come from all directions and crouch in pine trees and bushes. Although they are not far apart, they do not meet each other. Most of the songs are love songs, but there are many ways. Or see the situation, that is, things will be prosperous, and compete wit with various rich metaphors. Or ask questions and wait for the other person to answer. Or laugh and praise each other, rhyme with things, endless cycle. I also sang other stories, which ran through ancient and modern times and quoted classics. As usual, the client has a book in his heart and knows it well, so he just comes out.
There are a lot of experts present, and they can see the high and low when they speak, and they can't be vague. So I'm not an expert, and I dare not say it easily. That time, I heard a young woman hit three opponents in a row, forcing them to be speechless, so she gently shouted that the victory was over, got up from the thorns, got a haircut, patted the dust on the embroidered apron and smiled at everyone, meaning, "Look, I won this song." With a relaxed and happy face, she took her companion and crossed the burden of rice wine to quench her thirst. There are many such young women in the village near Kunming. He is cheerful and lively, hard-working, with a red face, white teeth, blue clothes and trousers, an apron with small silver buttons around his waist, a pair of embroidered through-hole shoes unique to rural Yunnan, and shiny braids on his head. Not only did I sing beautifully, but I also went to various villages to swing with my companions on New Year's Day. I made a three-foot swing strip out of horse skin and hung it on a big tree by the side of the road. After pedaling for ten times, I flattened the beam and swam casually! In the countryside of Kunming, all kinds of wonderful and affectionate songs can be heard in the morning and evening all year round. To catch the train from Chenggong to downtown, you have to ride an old horse and walk ten miles slowly. Sometimes if you miss the bus, you have to go back. This road will pass through some fruit trees, oak forests, bamboo forests and several slopes full of flowers for half a year. While admiring the pink and blue primroses on the edge of the ridge, nodding in the light and breeze always makes people suspect that blue seems to be deliberately imitating the sky. On the one hand, I listened to all kinds of mountain birds calling friends and lovers, on the other hand, I listened to the girls driving horses singing all kinds of local sweet folk songs. Sometimes, three or five paces ahead, a A Dai bird suddenly appears, with a crown on its head and sparkling eyes, as if interested in singing. After the horse driver had a drink, it flapped its wings and flew away. As usual, this bird is silent in broad daylight, but every time in the morning light, it is happy to sit on someone else's roof and keep barking. The most interesting thing is the lark, which often takes off from the grass not far ahead, spirals up, sings and drills into the blue sky. As if to keep drilling into the blue sky. Larks crouched in the grass, but with a little encouragement, they responded to each other. Until the poor eyesight disappeared, suddenly, like a small meteor, it fell into the grass at a very fast speed and joined other companions, so several other larks took off again. Girls who drive horses are only 14 or 15 years old, and their voices are generally untrained, and some are hoarse and sandy. But in this environment, they export naturally, and whatever they sing is full of a simple and natural beauty. Everyone sang the most lively "Golden Man Fight", which was once held in Longjie Village. At that time, on the second floor of the residential courtyard, under the long porch, more than 100 people from several nearby villages gathered, and six people sat around a short square table, filled with 30 tables. Each table takes turns to sing local songs such as "Spend December" in a low voice. Although the voice is extremely soft, it is like a pine and cypress, stretching and relaxing in the breeze, a bit like a dragon and a phoenix. This singing alone is extremely interesting. Continue after singing and leave for three days in a row. Most women came to the meeting, similar to holidays. They are clean and neat, with silver on their heads and hands, which makes people afraid to know each other. I looked at the table as a guest. Many people look familiar, but they can't name them. Later, I remembered that this is a village stall selling pickled pears. There are people carrying water to wash clothes at the door. In addition, there are family members of craftsmen who play hoops and drums, proprietress of grocery stores, doctors and eunuchs in rural areas, and more naturally, girls who drive horses, farmers of different ages, and old women who float around in the countryside selling needlework patterns. How many acquaintances! On the surface, the meeting says that its main function is to spread songs. The older generation will pass on all the beautiful songs full of wisdom and enthusiasm to the next generation. Sing it again and again until everyone is familiar with it. Therefore, the old people in the field are particularly excited and active, and often take turns around each table. Since the main function is to spread songs according to the rules, there is no need to be taboo without asking what to sing. The best performer is the trumpeter in Longjie Village. He is over 70 years old and has lost all his teeth, but he can sing the whole song with great enthusiasm. Everything is fine except love stories, mocking smokers and scolding rich people. It's really like a "music library". When I was a child, I often listened to the old woman's oral words: "A golden bucket comes once in ten years", which means a great event comes once in a blue moon. Only after attending did I know that this kind of meeting only existed in the year when Venus entered the bucket. Singing together, there is also a lyrical atmosphere, and the background is particularly clear and beautiful, which is the national anthem held at the foot of Happy Valley Music Festival. Southwest used to be the hometown of poetry. I have lived in rural Yunnan for eight years, and what I have heard is only a small part. After liberation, the people are masters of their own affairs, their lives are getting better and better, and their mood is bound to be particularly cheerful. A new generation of singers must be more lively and enthusiastic than thirty or fifty years ago. Singers and model workers are not five golden flowers, but ten thousand! Author's brief introduction [2] Shen Congwen (190265438+February 28th-65438+May10,0988) was originally named Shen Yuehuan, and his pen names were Xiu,, Shangguan Bi and Xuan Ruo. Maolin, whose birth name is Maolin, is Chongwen, a native of Fenghuang County, Hunan Province, and a Miao nationality. Shen Congwen is a famous modern writer, a researcher of historical relics and a representative of Beijing School novels. 14 years old, joined the team and roamed the Hunan-Sichuan-Guizhou border region. 1924 started literary creation, and taught at National Southwest Associated University after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War. From 193 1 year to 1933, he taught in Shandong University. 65438-0946 returned to teach at Peking University. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he worked in the Museum of Chinese History and the Institute of History of China Academy of Social Sciences, mainly engaged in the study of ancient history of China. Shen Congwen died in Beijing on 1988.
There are more than 80 books created by Shen Congwen in his life, which is the largest number of books among modern writers. Early novels include Oranges, After Rain and Others, Witch's Love and so on. The basic theme has been seen, but the urban and rural clues are still unclear, the description of gender relations is shallow, and the purity of literature is poor. After 1930s, his works were very mature, including Dragon Ball, Hotels and Others, Zhou Shi, Tiger Boy, Black Mini-Story, Scenery under the Moon, Eight Horses, Ru Rui Ji, Selected Literary Novels, New and Old, and Housewives Ji. Shen Congwen is known as the "father of local literature" in China literary world for his unique writing style. Related Information [3] Horse Race Festival is an annual traditional activity of Tibetan herdsmen in the northern Tibetan Plateau of Xizang Autonomous Region, which is held in July of the Tibetan calendar every year. During the festival, herdsmen arrange their production and life, put on national costumes, or ride horses, yaks or cars, and gather at the racetrack from all directions. Around the festival racecourse, colorful tents were set up, including cards, highland barley wine, butter tea, beef and mutton, and some even put on radios and tape recorders. Colorful flags are flying on the racecourse, and the songs are loud and lively. The horses in the race are fat and strong. Horses' manes and ponytails are woven with colored silk. The riders are wearing yellow jackets and arrow pants with gold stripes. With one arm exposed, they stood majestically beside their horses. Just listen to "bang!" At the sound of a gun, the riders rolled over and mounted their horses. Horses are flying, hooves are flying, and lightning generally sweeps past people. Near the finish line, thunderous applause and prolonged cheers resounded through the sky, and the scene was really touching. Immediately after the horse race, various cultural and sports competitions were held, traditional Tibetan operas and colorful folk songs and dances were performed, and horses and agricultural and sideline products were bought and sold. As night falls, piles of bonfires are lit in Panpo grassland, and people of Tibetan, Hui, Mongolian, Tu and other ethnic groups are singing and dancing around the blazing bonfire to celebrate the festival. Writing background [4] Yunnan is a multi-ethnic area. In the lives of people of all ethnic groups, folk singing activities occupy a particularly important position and almost permeate it.
Every field of life. Especially those who have no written language, they often rely on those knowledgeable and experienced old singers to impart knowledge of history, production, life and etiquette to their own people and teenagers with long ballads. The content of folk songs of various nationalities in Yunnan is very rich. Whether it is a major event in national history or a wedding custom in life, almost everything that can be touched in life has been vividly reflected in folk songs. Yunnan Horse Racing Festival in Memory is a kind of "behavior record" of Shen Congwen's folk songs in Yunnan as a researcher of historical relics, and a special "rescue excavation" of Shen Congwen's folk culture as a writer. Hope to adopt