First, regular poems and quatrains
Rhyme originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and was formed in the early Tang Dynasty. It belongs to a kind of modern poetry, and it is named because of its rigorous meter. Generally divided into five words and seven words, named five laws and seven laws respectively. Poetry is divided into four parts, the first part is on the neck and the last part is on the tail. The first sentence of each part is "sentence out" and the second sentence is "antithesis", which is the most basic structure of metrical poetry. Among them, couplets and necklaces must be antithetical (detailed later), and each couplet must rhyme. The first couplet sentence can be pledged or not. A quatrain is a short part of regular poetry, hence its name, because it has only four sentences. Therefore, its level tone and rhyme are basically the same as a regular poem, and it rhymes in two or four sentences. The first sentence can be pledged or not. But in fact, quatrains were formed before rhymes, but they were more free than those in the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, quatrains before the formation of Tang laws were called "ancient quatrains" to show the difference. For the convenience of the following description, you can temporarily regard the quatrains as the first rhyme, but you must not. )
Second, leveling.
Ancient poetry has the beauty of rhythmic art, the first point lies in the tone coordination of flat and oblique voices, making it harmonious and seamless. We can't help but notice this when we are learning to create more realistic modern poems and quatrains. The theory of polyphony originates from the ancient sound-four tones of flat, upward, downward and upward, and the three tones of upward, downward and upward are collectively called polyphony. Among them, Pingsheng is divided into two sounds in modern Chinese: Yin Pingping and Yang Pingping, that is, one sound and two sounds; The rising tone and falling tone correspond to three tones and four tones respectively, and the entering tone situation is complicated, so I won't go into details. In the seven sections of the seven laws, the second, fourth and sixth words of each sentence should be flush, that is, "flush" or "flush"; The first, third and fifth words are relatively free, which is the popular formula of "135 regardless, 246 is clear". Although not comprehensive, it is necessary for us beginners. Compared with the five laws and five unique skills, it has evolved into "no matter one or three, two or four are distinct."
Three. Relativity and adhesion
Relativity means that in all couplets, sentences should be relative, and this relativity mainly depends on "246 distinct", that is, whether the 246 words in a sentence are relative one by one. For example, the first sentence is "flat and flat, flat and flat, flat and flat", and the first and third words in the sentence can also be flat and flat, which embodies the "no matter" of "135" adhesion, that is, the antithesis in the last couplet should be consistent with the sentence in the next couplet, that is, it should be flat and sticky. Again, this attachment mainly depends on "the difference between 246 and 246". For example, the first couplet and the rhyming couplet are "flat, flat, flat", in which the first couplet is the first and second couplet.
Fourth, antithesis
As I said before, the couplet and neckline of orthographic poetry must be opposite. Duality refers to the duality of words, which can be divided into working pair, wide pair and borrowing equivalence. Workers must use the same part of speech to be relative, that is, name to name, verb to verb, vice to vice, help to help ... At the same time, the parts of speech must also be consistent, that is, astronomy, geography, flowers, birds, fish and insects. Must be relative. For example, "In the morning, she saw her hair cloud changing in the mirror, but she bravely faced the cold of the moonlight with her evening song". Kuandui, that is, the simplified version of Gongdui, only requires relative parts of speech. Borrowing refers to using polysemous words. In poetry, use one meaning of the word and another meaning to form a working pair. For example, "common in Qi Wang's family, heard in the first few times of Cui", in which "common" also refers to the length, which is opposite to the number of "several degrees". There is also a kind of borrowing sound, such as "Mermaids drop pearl-like tears into the moon-green sea, and Lantian breathes their jade at the sun", in which the first word "Cang" is "Cang", which is opposite to "Blue". In a word, for beginners, if they want to create more authentic modern poems and songs, they can do it in the scope of "flat and narrow" and "wide". However, times are different after all. Words are just forms, and forms should serve the soul of poetry. Sometimes we don't have to stick to this, we can write poems and do our best.