In the second year of Tang Suzong (AD 759), Du Fu, a poet who had been wandering since the Anshi Rebellion, came to Chengdu. The following spring, with reverence for Zhuge Wuhou in the Three Kingdoms period, he came to the northwest suburb of Chengdu and visited the Wuhou Temple built in the Jin Dynasty. The giant cypress in front of the temple is said to be "planted by Kong Ming", which has experienced vicissitudes and is vigorous and tall; The oriole among the green trees is complacent. In the face of the dilapidated ancestral temple, the poet remembered Zhuge Liang's precious spirit and brilliant achievements of "devoting all his efforts to death", and could not help but feel the same way and burst into tears, so he wrote such a seven-law book that has been passed down through the ages.
Rhyme consists of qi, chin, neck and knot. The question and answer of "couplets" in poetry seems ordinary, but it is not. Here, the poet pointed out the geographical location of Wuhou Temple and the natural environment of Gubaisen with almost colloquial poems. In the meantime, the word "Qiu" is natural, connecting questions and answers, and appropriately expressing the poet's unbearable mood of longing to visit Wuhou Temple. On the one hand, it implies that Du Fu and Zhuge Liang are different in the world, but they have the same thoughts. On the other hand, it also lays the groundwork for the later words of praise and regret, making the whole story complete. Li Zhonghua's "Yi Zhen Zhai Shi Hua" said: "Du Lao is the only one who makes good use of Fu pen to write poems. In the meantime, I am slightly frustrated and always not straight. " The beginning of Du Fu's Shu Xiang can be said to be a typical embodiment of the poet's good use of fu pen but not straight.
If these two sentences are summarized from the general manager's point of view, then these two sentences turn the "lens" to the details of the scenery around Wuhou Temple. "Ying Ji Bicao" and "Huang Peng every other leaf" seem to be two close-ups, one is to highlight the beauty of "spring scenery" and the other is to emphasize the sweetness of "good voice". However, the poet used a word "zi" and an word "empty" to implicitly express his unique and special feelings about these scenery-the spring is beautiful and attractive, but the Prime Minister Temple is so lonely and deserted, and there is no one there. Only the poet came alone and returned lonely and sad. Maybe, Wuhou has been forgotten by the world? It is not difficult to see that in the two sentences of "couplets", the poet writes about scenery every sentence, but every word is full of emotion. In his poems, he expressed his feelings for the scenery and euphemistically expressed his sadness and longing for an early reunification caused by the division of the country. It can be said that "the inside story is deep and the location is far-reaching" (Xie Zhen's Four Poems).
In the sentence of "Neck-tie", the poet's style changed and his chest was straight. He summed up Zhuge Liang's life experience, political ideal and contribution to the country in highly concise and warning language. When Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong (now the west of Xiangfan, Hubei Province), Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage to discuss with him the world plan in 207 AD. After coming out of the mountain, Zhuge Liang first assisted Liu Bei to start a foundation; After Liu Bei died, he helped Liu Chan. This is the so-called "two-dynasty open economy". Zhuge Liang can be said to have done his best to be an "old minister" after his death. Of course, the generalization of art cannot be compared with scientific and historical evaluation. But through the poet's affectionate poems, we can not only understand Zhuge Liang's lifelong career and his appeal to future generations, but also feel the poet's admiration and admiration for him. This couplet, like the last one, is work-oriented, depressed and frustrated. Although it is not gorgeous, it is magnificent and elegant, which can be combined with another poem by Zhuge Liang, "The Three Kingdoms, divided, have been bound by its greatness, and the Eight Pavilions stand in its name."
If poetry is just like this, it may be difficult to receive exciting artistic effects and achieve enduring artistic charm. The predecessors said, "Poetry has eyes". The sentence "knot lotus" is the crowning touch of the whole poem, which can be described as the "poetic eye" of the book. "But before he conquered, he was already dead, and the heroes cried on their coats", which is not just a general condolence and tribute! According to the biography of Three Kingdoms Zhuge Liang, Zhuge Liang sent troops to attack Wei in the spring of the 12th year of Jianxing (AD 234). Wuzhangyuan, south of Weishui (now southwest of Shanxian County, Shaanxi Province), was deadlocked with Wei Jun for more than 100 days and died in August of that year. The marquis of Wu died of unfulfilled ambition, and the poets suffered from chaos and repeated setbacks. Although their experiences are different, their personal fates are very similar in failing to realize their ambitions. That's why. The poet put pen to paper and penetrated the back of the paper, writing desolate and tragic, which made people cry. It can be seen that for thousands of years, people have used this epigram-like poem to express their regret and sympathy for the lost people with lofty ideals, which is not unreasonable.
Shuxiang is one of Du Fu's famous works. It is not only a eulogy, but also an elegy for those who have no ambition. Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said: "A word can understand everything. A poet can serve Wan Li." The poem "Shuxiang" covers history, integrates ancient and modern times, and has concise language and rich connotation. If Liu Yuxi's words are used to evaluate the book, Du Fu deserves it.