There are two basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation. The so-called literal translation refers to the word-for-word translation of the original text with modern Chinese words, so that the content words and function words are as opposed as possible. The advantage of literal translation is the implementation of every word; Its disadvantage is that sometimes the translated sentences are difficult to understand and the language is not fluent enough. The so-called free translation means translating according to the meaning of the sentence, conforming to the original intention as much as possible, and taking care of the original intention as much as possible. Free translation has certain flexibility, which can add or subtract words, change the position of words and change sentence patterns. The advantage of free translation is that the text is coherent, and the translation conforms to the expression habits of modern languages and is fluent, fluent and easy to understand. Its disadvantage is that sometimes the original text cannot be realized word by word. These two translation methods should be mainly literal translation, supplemented by free translation.
Second, specific methods: leave, delete, supplement, change, adjust and change.
"Stay" means to keep. Words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names such as names of people, places, things, officials, countries, years and units of measurement, can remain unchanged when translated.
"Delete" means delete. Delete function words that do not need to be translated in classical Chinese. For example, "Pei Gong joined Fan Kuai"-Fan Kuai, Pei Gong's bodyguard. "This is also" is an ending auxiliary word, which is not translated.
"Supplement" means supplement. (1) Turn monosyllabic words into disyllabic words; (2) make up the omitted elements in the ellipsis sentence; (3) Fill in the omitted sentences. Note: Fill in the omitted components or sentences with brackets.
"Change" means replacement. Replace ancient words with modern words. For example, replace "I, Yu, Yu" with "I" and "II, Ru" with "You".
"Adjustment" means adjustment. Adjust ancient Chinese inverted sentences to modern Chinese sentence patterns. When translating subject-predicate inversion sentences, prepositional object sentences, prepositional object postposition sentences and attributive postposition sentences, the word order should generally be adjusted to conform to modern Chinese expression habits.
"Change" means flexibility. On the basis of being faithful to the original text, relevant words are vivid. If the waves are calm, you can make the lake calm.
Translation formula of ancient Chinese
Classical Chinese translation has its own order, so you can read the whole article first and grasp the main idea.
Understand the theme first, collect information, from paragraphs to sentences, from clauses to words,
Understand all, be clear, and be careful when dealing with difficult sentences.
Take care of the previous paragraph, connect with the next sentence, think carefully and try to figure out the tone.
Strive to be reasonable, reasonable and closely related.
If omitted, fill in the original intention and put brackets to indicate the gain.
Names and place names, without translation, names, as usual,
I and Yu are mine, and Er and You are yours. Omitting inversion is regular.
Content words and function words, with the interpretation of the text, sensitize the sense of language, and vary from sentence to sentence.
After translation, you must carefully compare the sentences and understand the tone.
The sentence was fluent, and then I stopped writing.
2. How to appreciate classical Chinese? Not much nonsense: the concept of ancient prose (recommended by Yuelu Academy)
Three hundred Tang Poems (optional, if the foundation is not very good, you can buy a book with rich annotations)
Selected works of famous artists in Tang and Song Dynasties (recommended by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House)
The above three books are the best reading materials for ancient Chinese literature and poetry. You must be familiar with them. If you write well, you can recite them. After that, your knowledge of ancient Chinese will be solid.
Look only at the notes of ancient Chinese, not at the translation. Generally speaking, there is no standard for translation, and the so-called translation is actually the general idea of the article.
The dictionary should be turned over more, because there will be more rare words in ancient Chinese, and you will be familiar with them after reading more.
When reading ancient Chinese, don't stick to grammar, because the flexible use of parts of speech and inverted sentences are common, as long as you understand the meaning.
We can start with relatively simple articles and read some difficult articles step by step, such as articles from Tang and Song Dynasties to pre-Qin Dynasties, and from ancient vernacular to ancient Chinese.
Good poems should be read and read. "Reading a book a hundred times is self-evident." It can also help to feel the cadence of Chinese and the beauty of ancient Chinese, especially poetry and music. Finally, I am a person who likes classical Chinese very much, and I have gained a lot of fun and edification from it. I hope you can learn it well and feel its charm.
3. Improve the appreciation ability of ancient poetry and classical Chinese in senior high school. After getting the classical Chinese, first analyze the sentence, delimit the sentence components, and make up the subject, predicate and object first, so as to better understand the general idea of the sentence.
Then find out the key words according to experience. Generally speaking, there are two key words in a sentence. If there are only two points, there is only one keyword. Keywords are generally difficult to use in real words, or they may be special uses of function words. For example, "so" is two independent words in ancient Chinese. As a word structure, it also has a special usage: "The method used …".
Basically find the sentence context and keywords, and then you can accurately grasp the general meaning and then carve the details. If it is an exam, the marking teacher will look at the translation of your keywords first, and then look at the main idea of the sentence. You won't make a big mistake answering questions like this. There are some very detailed things that I have to sum up myself.
You can come to me later if you want. Although I seldom use Baidu Hi, I will definitely help if I see it. The words used in classical Chinese are generally regular, and the deduction for each question is a score for the translation of other keywords except the coherence of the overall meaning.
When we look at the translation of classical Chinese sentences, we should first analyze which word is the key word, which is usually a verbal word or a function word with special usage (such as "so", which can be understood as "using the method of ……", which is a special usage). You saw it, but it's not what you usually understand. This requires you to guess the meaning of the word in connection with the context and some common sense or experience accumulated in the answer, and then the whole sentence can be translated together.
When doing multiple-choice questions in classical Chinese, it is very important to understand the full text, understand the meaning of that sentence and find the key sentences correctly. This is best achieved by exclusion. It is suggested that after reading the complete text, read the third multiple-choice question first, usually the topic with the general idea of the full text, which can help you understand.
Classical Chinese actually focuses on the usual accumulation, accumulating the usage of some common real words and function words, and summing up some rules, because many of our phrases were not used together in ancient times, such as "so" and "thought". These rules depend on your own usual attention and summary. I suggest buying an ancient Chinese dictionary and reading more. When learning classical Chinese, if you have questions, don't listen to the teacher in a hurry. Look it up in the dictionary first, so that you will be more impressed and remember some other usages.
If you want a dictionary, you can buy one from People's Daily Publishing House, which is more suitable for students and more comprehensive in meaning. Poetry appreciation, first look for images, second point out techniques, and third dialysis thoughts and feelings.
Images in poetry can often reflect the emotions contained in poetry, but many intentions like to be mixed together and have different meanings. However, when you get a poem, you must first determine whether it is a poem about objects or history, or simply express your feelings.
Most of the questions are about lyric poetry. Secondly, just find out the images and emotional words in the poem.
Then it analyzes the main expressive techniques or artistic techniques used in poetry, such as expressing one's mind directly, symbolizing, metaphor, exaggeration, personification, seeing the big from the small, satirizing the present from the ancient, and expressing feelings with things. This requires you to memorize the usual expressions. The final thoughts and emotions are analyzed through the images that can reflect emotions found in the first step.
When answering, you can use this format, "The poet/poet expressed the feelings of ..."
4. How to appreciate ancient Chinese? 1. Comment on the expression.
The forms of expression are narration, description, lyricism and discussion. The so-called evaluation of expression means the ability to distinguish which expressions are used in poetry and their functions.
1, narrative. Explain and introduce the characters and events in the works, such as "Prepare chicken rice for me, so you entertain me on your farm" (Meng Haoran's Crossing the Ancient Village) and "Bow in the corner of the wind and the general hunts the acropolis" (Wang Wei's Hunting). "Gou Jian, the king of Yue, destroyed Wu Gui, and the soldiers returned home dressed in gold" (Li Bai's Visit to Vietnam)
2. description. Give a concrete and vivid description of people, things, environment and other forms and characteristics in vivid language. Let readers see their people, such as hearing their voices and seeing their affairs, such as their surroundings. For example, "There is moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream" (Wang Wei's "Mountain Living in Autumn Evening"), "Three mountains and a half fall outside the blue sky, and a water egret island" (Li Bai's "On boarding Nanjing to Phoenix Terrace").
3. Lyric. Express subjective feelings and self-feelings in the works, such as "I would like to put down my sword to cut Loulan" (Xia Sai Qu by Li Bai), "We met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip) and so on.
4. discuss it. Explain the views and attitudes directly in the works, such as "Life is a hero, and death is a ghost hero" (Li Qingzhao's "Summer quatrains"), "There are many talented people in Jiangdong, and it is unknown to make a comeback" (Tu Mu's "Title Wujiang Pavilion").
These four expressions are not completely separated in specific applications, but often fused together. We need to pay attention to this point, for example, "But before he conquered, he was dead, and the hero cried on their coats from now on" (Du Fu's Book of Letters), which combines four expressions: narration, description, lyricism and discussion.
Second, the appreciation of artistic techniques.
1, the artistic technique of description: from the perspective of description, there are positive description and side description; From the description of pen, there are meticulous and line drawing; From the content of description, there are scenery description and character description.
2. Artistic techniques of lyric: There are two main ways of lyric: direct lyric and indirect lyric. Most ancient poems express their feelings with the help of scenery. As the saying goes, "All scenery words are sentimental words", and there are usually four relationships between scenery and emotion: appreciating Syaraku's feelings; Write sad feelings with sad scenes; Happy to write mourning; Mourn the situation in Syaraku.
3, foil technique: involving positive contrast and negative contrast.
4. Contrast technique.
5, Fu Bixing technique.
6. Use allusions.
7. Virtual writing and real writing.
8. Symbolism.
(See Appendix for details. )
Third, appreciation of rhetorical devices.
The rhetorical devices commonly used in ancient poetry include metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, metonymy, antithesis, rhetorical questions and puns. When appreciating poetry, we should be able to distinguish these rhetorical devices and analyze their artistic effects.
(See Appendix for details. )
Attachment: Examples of artistic and rhetorical techniques.
1, Bixing technique: Fu Bixing is a summary of the poetic expression technique in China's earliest poetry collection The Book of Songs. Later poems inherited the expressive techniques of Fu, Bi and Xing. Fu describes the scenery in detail and expresses the author's attitude, such as The Book of Songs? In Cutting Dalbergia Dalbergia, "Cutting Dalbergia Dalbergia is like cutting Dalbergia Dalbergia, and the river is dry", "If you don't get enough crops, you won't hunt. If there are gentlemen in counties and counties in Hu Zhaner's court, you won't eat vegetarian food!" Describe a group of logging slaves cutting ebony for slave owners to make cars. In the arduous labor, they think that slave owners get something for nothing and can't restrain their inner anger. Storytelling compares the slave owner to a big mouse, using the method of comparison. Xing means "say something else first to arouse the words to be sung", such as The Book of Songs? "The river is clear and blue" in Sandalwood Punishment belongs to "Xing", which leads to the following narrative. "Xing" and "Bi" are often combined in a poem. For example, the beginning of Peacock Flying Southeast and Wandering Five Miles is both "Xing" and "Bi".
2, direct and indirect lyricism: express your feelings directly, that is, express your feelings directly, also called express your feelings directly. By describing, describing or discussing something or a problem, we express our feelings implicitly, that is, indirectly. China's classical poetry pursues implication, so it is often indirect lyricism, in order to achieve a blend of scenes. "All scenes have feelings", and scene blending is a common method in classical poetry. Whether there is artistic conception is also a sign to judge whether classical poetry is excellent or not. For example, Zhang Kejiu's "[Double Tone] Qingjiang Tone? Qiu Huai: The west wind came to Wan Li and asked me if geese would sing red leaves before returning. People are intoxicated by the yellow flowers and banana rain and hear Qiu Meng. The poet grasped the meaning of the topic and painted a bleak autumn scenery with west wind, wild geese, red leaves, yellow flowers, plantains and rain. The arrival of the west wind is related to the uncertainty of the return date. Because of "Banana Rain", I was worried about fame and fortune, tossing and turning. Every sentence is about scenery, and every sentence is lyrical, with a high degree of unity between emotion and scenery.
5. How to appreciate ancient Chinese 1. Analysis on the necessity of creating a good atmosphere for learning ancient Chinese.
The new Chinese curriculum standard emphasizes: "Reading simple classical Chinese can help you understand the basic content with notes and reference books." It can be said that the new Chinese curriculum standard reduces the requirements for learning classical Chinese, and the items of the classical Chinese examination in the senior high school entrance examination are limited to textbooks. Theoretically, there should be a fairly ideal result, but the result is quite unexpected. The author investigated more than 50 Chinese teachers in middle schools, and found that in the process of classical Chinese teaching, most teachers pay great attention to sentence translation, memory and targeted exercises, and the teaching process is rigorous.
However, in the process of learning classical Chinese, most students think that the process of learning classical Chinese in this way is boring and inefficient, just like learning another foreign language. They even think that teaching classical Chinese well is teachers' wishful thinking, and students can only "roll with the punches". The reasons for the low learning efficiency of classical Chinese are: 1. Students leave the situation of understanding classical Chinese.
Classical Chinese is really not like modern Chinese, which makes students read fluently and understand the meaning. It is difficult for students to accept the complexity of translation, to understand the expression of stubborn teeth in classical Chinese and to understand the true and rich expression of ancient people's feelings.
For example, in Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi, Zou Ji asks his wife, concubine and guests the same question: "Who am I, Xu Hongmei in the north of the city?" The wife said, "Your Majesty is very beautiful. How can Xu Can Palace compare with you?" The princess said, how can I compare with you? The guest said, "Xu Gong is not equal to your beauty." They replied with one voice, with the same meaning but different sentence patterns, and slightly changed words, but expressed different tones and different psychology of different characters.
When students understand the above content, they often start with words and sentence patterns, and then rush to answer the teacher's question "Why is the tone different?" Instead of experiencing it in a specific story situation. This understanding of classical Chinese is superficial, dull, vivid and not profound, and the mastery is hasty, hasty, unstable and firm.
2. Students leave the situation of using classical Chinese. Zhao Pu's Half Analects of Confucius Governing the World illustrates the importance of applying what you have learned.
However, in daily life, students' communication is not deliberately expressed in classical Chinese, and they think it is a rather pedantic performance. Kong Yiji's "Too much is too little, too much" is a proof. In the teaching class, our teachers may also ignore the particularity of the flexible use of classic sentences in different situations.
For example, teachers often describe it as a high-profile performance of the United States singing bad human rights at the United Nations, which is interpreted as ulterior motives. But at this time, "The Drunken Pavilion" should not be understood in this way.
In fact, the use of classical Chinese also requires students to have a certain cultural taste. Due to the limitation of students' cultural quality, students have a special liking for the emerging and simple network language, but ignore the use of classical Chinese.
3. Students leave the classical Chinese humanistic situation. Classical Chinese is rich in poetry and painting, exudes unique cultural charm and embodies profound national feelings.
However, students seem unable to understand the subtleties of classical Chinese. For example, in the article Born in Worry and Died in Happiness, students understand the important knowledge of "sense of worry" and "success in adversity". However, when asked about the modern significance of their sense of hardship and how to make themselves talents, students are at a loss.
The key lies in the lack of humanistic situation. The creation of humanistic situation in classical Chinese requires students to pay attention to contemporary social and cultural life, pay attention to the cultivation of their own quality, and strive to be well cultivated in the study of classical Chinese, improve their life quality and cultivate healthy personality.
For example, the creation of the humanistic situation of "anxiety consciousness" makes students worry about the war in peacetime, the environment of developing society, and the incurable diseases in a better life ... Let students learn from the broad mind of the ancients, shoulder the responsibility of inheriting excellent civilization, and establish a correct outlook on life and values. It can be seen that it is very necessary to create a good atmosphere for learning classical Chinese.
2. Strategic thinking on creating a good atmosphere for learning classical Chinese. Since learning classical Chinese requires a good situation and it is so important to create a good atmosphere for learning classical Chinese, we should think strategically.
1, intonation, irony and intonation is to ask students to read aloud, read correctly and fluently, visualize the language in cadence, beautify and deepen their emotions. Let the students immerse themselves in it, understand the taste of the article and gain something.
"Old books are never tired of reading, and children know themselves when they are familiar with them." "They are familiar with 300 Tang poems, and they can sing even if they can't write poems." This is a subtle presentation of chanting. For example, the repeated reading of "sending 900 people to guard Yuyang and stay in osawa Township" in Chen She Family is different from "sending 900 people to stay in osawa Township", which deeply understands the history of Qin Xing's corvee and people's garrison.
After Zou Ji satirized the King of Qi as a "capable minister", Qi Weiwang said "goodness". Concise and just right, it reflects Qi Weiwang's affirmation of Zou Ji and shows that he is an enterprising and enlightened monarch.
Therefore, when reading the word "goodness", we should read the majesty and wisdom in short notes and the heroic mind in high notes. Such a generation of wise men can be said to have both form and spirit to force Xiao. 2, taste perception, rebuilding the body's teaching of classical Chinese, Mr. Ye Shengtao believes: "When reciting, we should not only rationally understand what we have learned, but also sincerely experience it. Unconsciously, the content and truth become the readers' own things, which is the most precious realm. "
A good example is Tao Yuanming's reading, "appreciating anecdotes and analyzing doubts" and "the governor forgets to eat". When we recite Fan Zhongyan's great political ambition of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" in Yueyang Tower, we should realize the practical significance of "enjoying the world first and enjoying the world later".
When we sing the sacredness of "sacrifice one's life for righteousness" in "I want fish", we should feel the will of people with lofty ideals to sacrifice their lives for the country and go to disaster generously throughout the ages. Through the feeling of taste, let students have a cordial experience and make classical Chinese learning interesting; Students' unique aesthetic taste also makes the connotation of classical Chinese shine.
At the same time, students also internalized the excellent cultural essence, achieved perfection, and improved their cultural literacy to varying degrees. 3. The accumulation and application of Ouyang Xiu's poems.
6. How to write the word "appreciation of ancient Chinese prose"? In the first half of the description of the scenery, the winter did not wither at all, nor did it mean bleak. On the contrary, the poet's optimism makes his northern winter scenery magnificent, simple and beautiful. After reading these magnificent and colorful words, it is really refreshing and full of energy.
The first half of this word, although every sentence is about scenery, has a strong lyrical flavor. The second half comments on the characters, but it is not boring.
Writing landscape reviews, the two are closely related and set each other off. When evaluating historical figures, poets are reasonable, affectionate and measured.
A word "cherish" is very affectionate. "Slightly lost" and "slightly inferior" are also interesting.
Known as "a generation of tianjiao, Genghis Khan, only knows how to shoot an eagle with a bow." This image seems to be standing in front of us.
The word "knowledge only" is very vivid. These two sentences describe Genghis Khan's character and the poet's view of him. When writing a scene, the image of the scene is male, and the same is true when writing characters.
The whole word is a combination of description and discussion, with feelings and scenery, great spirit and touching feelings. Every time I look at it, I feel that there is an awe-inspiring spirit, which makes people's eyes wide open and their hearts wide open. This is a hymn of snow, and this is a picture of the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland.
This is a poem by a historical figure, and it is the high song of a revolutionary hero who struggles for the happiness of the people. Chairman Mao's poems, which are never sung again, are the epic of China revolution and a wonderful flower in the ocean of China's poems.
"Spring and Snow in Qinyuan" was praised by Liu Yazi, the leader of Nanshe Society, as the eternal swan song. This word has always been my favorite. Every time I read it, I seem to have returned to the war years and seen the great man who pointed out the country. I can't help but indulge in the bold style, majestic momentum, far-reaching artistic conception and broad mind.
However, since its publication, the word has been attacked by many malicious attacks, which has caused a long-lasting debate. Some people say that it has the emperor's thought and the emperor's breath; Some people say that exaggerating digression Wan Li; Some people say that it is an inappropriate metaphor and lacks a turning point; Some people say that its meaning is sparse and plain; Some people even say that this is imitation, and others are ghostwriting ... out of context, superficial, but like a stone sinking into the sea.
The pursuit of art is meaningful, and there is a hole in this word. The word comes from snow and is named after it, but it is not written for snow, but expressed by snow.
It hides too many secrets and contains endless mysteries. Every sentence in it is meaningful, a true expression of the poet's thoughts and an answer to many important questions.
Its sincere emotion, profound implication and incisive philosophy are breathtaking. First of all, recognize the situation.
"Northland scenery freezing thousands of miles, Wan Li snow. Looking inside and outside the Great Wall, I only feel a vast expanse, and the river is lost. " What a cold Sunday, what a heavy snow, what human suffering! The face between heaven and earth was changed by snow, and I saw that the Great Wall was boundless and lifeless inside and outside. Even the surging Yellow River was frozen by snow and stopped flowing.
China's northland seems to have entered a dead state. Reminiscent of Liu Zongyuan's famous sentence about snow, "There are no birds in hundreds of mountains, and there are no footprints in thousands of paths".
1936 In February, Chairman Mao led the "China People's Red Army Anti-Japanese Vanguard" to cross the Yellow River and prepare to go to Suiyuan for anti-Japanese. When Yuanjiagou in Qingjian County, Shaanxi Province was planning to cross the river, it suddenly snowed heavily. He climbed to the top of the mountain and looked into the distance. Facing the vast land, he wrote this word with great pride.
Its location is about 150km from the Great Wall in the north and 25km from the Yellow River in the east. It can be seen that the descriptions in ci are not all real scenes, but more scenes in the poet's mind.
The Great Wall is a symbol of the Chinese nation. It stands in the vast northern China and represents the indomitable spirit of the people of China. As the defense line of Wan Li in the Central Plains, it has blocked foreign invasion for countless times.
Inside and outside the majestic Great Wall, there is fire and smoke. The Japanese threatened North China, and the muzzle pointed to the important places of Peiping and Tianjin. Yin Rugeng defected to the enemy and betrayed the country, and organized "Jidong autonomy"; Chiang Kai-shek, regardless of justice, advocated "setting the outside world first".
The Yellow River is the mother river of the Chinese nation. It roared and rolled forward, it selflessly nurtured Chinese civilization, it flowed with the long river of history and witnessed the rise and fall of honor and disgrace for 5 thousand years.
On the banks of the mighty Yellow River, there is another life-and-death struggle. The Kuomintang assembled the Northeast Army, the Northwest Army and the Central Army, and hundreds of thousands of troops besieged the liberated areas.
The Central Red Army has just arrived in northern Shaanxi, with only 8,000 people left. Its foothold is unstable and there is a shortage of grain, grass and ammunition. Standing on the top of the mountain, facing the biting cold wind and the heavy snow all over the sky, what kind of mentality will you have? As Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army, braved the flames of civil war and faced the bullying of foreign powers, what kind of answer would you make? Will China's vast and rich land be frozen? Will the vast and deep river of China history be cut off? As can be seen from the poem, what a difficult predicament Chairman Mao is facing, what amazing insight he has, and what profound thinking he is carrying out! Second, guide the battle.
"Mountain dancing silver snake, the original wax elephant, wants to compare with the weather." In an instant, the mountains danced as deftly as countless silver snakes; The plateau runs like a wild wax elephant.
The whole world has changed from dead silence to jubilation, and there is endless vitality between heaven and earth. Snow is a gift from God, and suffering is a historical necessity, but we must break the ice, overcome suffering and contend with God.
This is a strong man's answer to God, and this is a nation's answer to fate! But what kind of strength, courage and wisdom does it take to fight against God's will? Silent mountains danced, the sleeping plateau woke up and became tribes, galloping on the earth. The mountains became the fighting weapons in his hands, and the plateau became the victory ladder in his eyes.
Its wonderful place is hard to describe in words! He discovered the power of the people. He has a profound understanding and research on China society.
He aroused the people's resistance and inspired the amazing potential of the Chinese nation. That power is unparalleled and can only be compared with mountains and highlands; That kind of power can turn decay into magic and make the whole earth full of vitality.
After the baptism of revolutionary thought, the sick man of East Asia became a millionaire. After the baptism of the Long March, the Red Army of Workers and Peasants has become an invincible force.
7. Appreciation of Classical Chinese Qian Ruoshui is an official in the same state. A little slave girl who is enriching the people has escaped, and I don't know where she has escaped.
The slave's parents sued the state government, and it was known that the clerk was ordered to join the army (the state official in charge of documents) to interrogate the case. The clerk had borrowed money from Fumin, but he didn't borrow it, so he revealed that Fumin and his son had killed female slaves. Fumin couldn't stand the torture of whips and sticks, so he turned himself in.
The transcript was reported to the public, and after review, it was considered that there was no contrary or abnormal situation, and everyone thought that the real situation of the case had been judged. Only Qian Ruoshui suspected this matter and put the case on hold for several days without judgment.
It's been nearly ten days since the case left, and there is no result in urging him many times at the end of the year. Officials in the state, large and small, blame Qian Ruoshui. One day, Qian Ruoshui went to see everyone. After screening other people, he said to everyone: "If Shuishui has delayed handling this case, it is because I secretly sent someone to look for a female slave, and now I have found it."
Knowing this, he sent for the rich father and son, and they were all released. Fumin cried and refused to leave, saying, "Without your gift, our family would be ruined."
As we all know, "this is the gift of pushing officials, not my credit." The man rushed to Qian Re water's office again. If the water closes the door and doesn't see him, he says, "This is the year of knowing. What did I participate in? " Knowing that Ruoshui had cleared the wrongs of several people sentenced to death and wanted to go to war for him, Qian Ruoshui resolutely refused, saying, "I just want a fair trial, and I don't want to avenge the dead.
It is not my intention to reward merit. "Sigh admire that year.
The clerk kowtowed to Qian Ruoshui, expressing shame and apology. Far and near unanimously praised Qian Ruoshui.
8. Appreciation of ancient prose How to write ancient prose or ancient poetry?
Generally speaking, the first step is translation, so you need to know the general meaning of some common words in ancient Chinese, which depends on the usual induction and accumulation.
The second step is to point out what expressive techniques or techniques it uses, such as lyricism, discussion and explanation, metaphor and personification.
The third step is to point out the overall content it expresses, just like the general idea of the article we usually say.
The fourth step is to point out the emotion it expresses or the enlightenment it gives us. The article is written to express the meaning, or to point out the emotion it writes, or to point out the meaning it writes. It is necessary to accumulate reading and cultivate Chinese understanding ability.