What are the Five Mountains in the Seven Laws Long March?

"The so-called wuling, historical records are different. According to the records of Guangzhou Ji, Nankang Ji, Yu: Geographical Records and Water Mirror Notes, the specific location of Wuling Mountain is Dayuling, which is in the south of Dayu County in the southwest corner of Jiangxi Province and borders Nanxiong County in Guangdong Province, and is the main traffic artery between Guangdong and Jiangxi. Hengpu Pass in Qin Dynasty was on this ridge. Dupangling is located in the south of Lanshan County in Hunan Province and in the north of Lianxian County in Guangdong Province, instead of Dupangling, which is located between Guanyang in Guangxi and Jiangyong in Hunan Province today. Huangxiguan in Qin Dynasty was just above this ridge, and it was also the only way to enter Guangdong from the lake. Riding Tian Ling, between Chenxian County and Zhang Xuan County in Hunan Province today, is the Hunan-Guangdong Passage, and Yangshan Pass in Qin Dynasty is on this ridge. Jianghua County in Hunan Province, Hexian County in Guangxi and Mengzhuling in the north of Zhongshan County are the only way to enter Guangxi from Hunan. Yuechengling, in the north of Xing 'an, Guangxi, is the traffic artery between Hunan and Guangxi, and there are Yan Guan and Qin Cheng sites in Xing 'an. As you can see, the five mountains are located in the forefront of Nanling Mountains, which starts from Yunling in Yunnan, goes east to Miao Ling in Guizhou, and then goes east to the sea along the border between Guangdong and Guangxi and Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian and other provinces. In the meantime, there are countless mountains, and the history books list the five mountains of Dayu, Riding Field, Dubang, Zhu Meng and Yuecheng, which are related to the March route of Qin Jun. " (Refer to Huang Xianfan's General History of Zhuang Nationality) Wuling consists of five mountains: Yuechengling, Dupangling, Zhu Meng, Qitianling and Dayuling, so it is also called Wuling. Located at the junction of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi and Fujian provinces. It is the largest horizontal tectonic belt mountain range in southern China, and it is also the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Pearl River. For a long time, it has been a natural barrier, and the Wuling Mountains have hindered the traffic and economic ties between Lingnan and the Central Plains, making Lingnan's economy and culture far inferior to that of the Central Plains, and being called "the land of barbarians" by northerners. After Zhang Jiuling, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, dug the ancient Meiguan road in Dayuling, Wuling area was gradually developed. Ancient rulers always divided administrative boundaries with Wuling as the landmark, so Wuling was also the edge of each province. The area south of Wuling Mountain Range is called Lingnan, which mainly refers to Guangdong and Guangxi. Most people can find three of the five mountains on the map-Yuechengling, Dupangling and Dayuling. However, Qitianling and Mengzhuling are often overlooked. Wu Haitao, editor of People's Education Publishing House, has collected China geography textbooks for nearly a hundred years. According to the information provided by him, in 19 13, the newly published Geography of China by the Commercial Press introduced Wuling to a certain extent, saying that "Lingdong passed through southern Xinjiang and was divided into Guangdong and Guangxi. The most authors are Mengzhuling, Yuechengling, Dupangling and Qitianling. Connected to Dayu Mountain in the east is the so-called Wuling Mountain. " 1935 The eighth chapter of a geography textbook in a middle school is called "Mountain of Lingnan", and the description of Wuling Mountain is more detailed: "Nanling Mountain stretches for thousands of miles, and it is called by different places ... The north-south traffic is not limited to winding rivers, which is a rugged mountain road. Its difficulties and obstacles can be imagined. " The Red Army's Long March began with 1934. They could not have read the textbook of 1935. But these descriptions can roughly represent the five mountains that people who were educated in geography at that time might know. The five terms "Wuling", "Nanling", "Lingnan", "Mountain" and "Mountain Range" appear alternately, which also caught my attention. Wuling is Nanling, which is relative to Qinling. Qinling Mountains, the geographical dividing line between north and south of China, is also called "Beiling". This is not only because of their geographical location, but also because Qinling Mountain is the dividing line between the Yangtze River system and the Yellow River system, which is widely known, while Wuling Mountain is the dividing line between the Yangtze River system and the Pearl River system, which is also very important, but it is often ignored. In the Tang Dynasty, "Lingnan Road" was one of the top ten "roads" in China at that time, which governed the Guangdong and Guangxi regions south of "Nanling". Up to now, "Lingnan" still represents this land and breeds unique Lingnan culture. In addition, Wuling is not a mountain range, it has no unified direction, but a "broken mountain". Cao Xueqin, a writer in Qing Dynasty, created Jiafu Grand View Garden, which let the sentimental Lin Daiyu enter Xiaoxiang Pavilion. Xiaoxiang Water and Xiangxiang Water both originated in Wuling Mountain, which is a "rainy night in Xiaoxiang"-so I wonder if Cao Xueqin is implying that Lin Daiyu has endless tears. There is abundant rainfall in Wuling mountain area, which originates from many famous rivers. In addition to Xiaoxiang River and Liangjiang River, there are four sources on the north slope: Yishui, Chunling Water, Leishui and Zhangshui, tributaries of Xiangshui, which merge with Gongshui to form Ganjiang River. There are many rivers on the south slope, which originate from Gui Jiang, Hejiang, Lianjiang, Wushui and Zhenjiang ... Although Wuling is the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Pearl River, there is no strict dividing line between them, and water grabbing often happens in history. Throughout the ages, people have used these humble and sometimes gentle hills to dig several mountain roads, thus connecting Guangdong and Guangxi in Lingnan with Hunan and Jiangxi in the "northern part of Lingnan". The Meiguan Post Road proposed by Zhang Jiuling in the Tang Dynasty is one of the important ones. It turned mountains into valleys and soon became the main road of communication between the Central Plains and Lingnan. Before going to Meiguan, Peng of the Propaganda Department of Dayu County Committee told me: "As early as the Qin Dynasty, Dayu was the main road for Qin Shihuang to go south. In the Han dynasty, Yu brothers came here to build a city for defense, hence the name Dayu Ling. In the past, the shipping of Zhangshui was very busy. It is very convenient for the goods shipped from the Central Plains to the south to land from us, pass through Meiguan, go to Guangdong, and then ship them in Zhenjiang. " The distance of National Highway 323 from Dayu to Nanxiong is only 40 kilometers. After the opening of this road, the Meiguan Ancient Post Road has completely become a landscape. We walked through Meiguan. The well-preserved 8 km mountain road is easy to walk and has beautiful scenery. Passing Meiguan, that is, entering Guangdong, is indeed a very easy and convenient mountain road. It's a pity that the Red Army didn't take this road in the Long March. After breaking through the first blockade, according to the agreement reached with Guangdong warlord Chen-try not to enter Guangdong-the Red Army just arrived in Nanxiong, and immediately crossed Dayuling in the north and returned to Jiangxi, and then went north to Changjiang Town and Chengkou Town in northern Guangdong via Chongyi and Nie. Only Chen Yi and Xiang Ying did not take part in the Long March, and stayed in the Youshan area to persist in guerrilla warfare. They left footprints and poems in Meiling.