Cao Cao (155-0315,220) was born in Mengde, a lucky man and a small character, Asan, from Peiguoqiao County (now Bozhou, Anhui Province). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was an outstanding politician, strategist, writer and calligrapher, and the founder of the Cao Wei regime in the Three Kingdoms. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos. In the name of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao conquered all directions, wiped out the separatist forces such as Er Yuan, Lu Bu, Liu Biao, Ma Chao and Han Sui at home, surrendered the southern Xiongnu, Wu Huan and Xianbei abroad, unified the northern part of China, and implemented a series of policies to restore economic production and social order, which laid the foundation for the founding of Cao Wei. Cao Cao was the prime minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty before his death, then Wang Wei, and after his death, posthumous title became King Wu. After his son Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, he was honored as Emperor Wu, with the temple name Mao. Cao Cao is good at writing poems, expressing his political ambitions and reflecting the tragic life of the people in the late Han Dynasty. He is ambitious, generous and sad. Prose is also neat, which opens and prospers Jian 'an literature and leaves precious spiritual wealth to future generations. Historically, it was called Jian 'an Style, and Lu Xun rated it as "the founder of reforming articles". At the same time, Cao Cao is good at calligraphy, especially at carving grass. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Huaiguan named it a "wonderful flower" at the end of Shu.
Comment on Cao Cao's character, advantages and disadvantages, and then he is an outstanding politician, strategist and writer. Specifically, Cao Cao is a hero. He led and created an era of his own, which had a very important impact on the current situation and the development of history. At the same time, Cao Cao was an excellent military commander, with outstanding military achievements and unparalleled military command ability at that time. Besides, he is also a great poet and writer. At least one book is enough for Cao Cao's analysis and research. I'm just here to sum up Cao Cao's personality characteristics and write my views on Cao Cao's personality. Cao Cao Can became a hero, and there are some bright spots that ordinary people can't reach, which are also some aspects that I especially appreciate Cao Cao as a man, as follows: 1, being a generous person. After the battle of Guandu, Cao Cao collected many letters from Xu Du for Yuan Shao, but did not pursue them. He burned them without leaving any record. Chen Lin, who wrote an article scolding his ancestors for three generations, stopped pursuing it and continued to be an official. At first, Cao Cao chose a man named Zhong Wei as a filial piety (a nationally recognized talent) and appointed him as a magistrate (mayor of a prefecture-level city). When Chen Gong launched the Yanzhou Incident, Cao Cao thought that only Zhong Wei would not betray him. As a result, I didn't expect Zhong Wei to run away. Cao Cao was very angry and said that as long as Zhong Wei was in China, he would not be spared. Later, Zhong Wei was captured alive and thought, "This man is still talented!" Or let him go and let him continue to be an official. During the Yanzhou Incident, there was a man named Chen Bi. Because Zhang Miao kidnapped his mother and other family members, Cao Cao sent him back, but Chen Bi expressed his loyalty and said that he would never leave, which moved Cao Cao to tears. As a result, he ran away as soon as he went out. Later, he was brought back alive, and everyone thought that Chen Bi would not live. Cao Cao said: "Only those who can honor their parents will be loyal to the monarch. This kind of person is just what I want. " Or appoint him as an official. Zhang Xiu and Jia Xu betrayed Cao Cao and killed his beloved sons Cao Ang and Dian Wei, giving him the most painful lesson. But when they came to Cao Cao again, Cao Cao was able to let bygones be bygones and give them the most generous reward and the highest office. For a righteous man like Guan Yu, don't chase after you leave. 2. Be open-minded, dare to admit your mistakes, and accept the correct opinions of others with an open mind. After losing the rebellion, Cao said to himself, "The mistake of surrendering to me is that I didn't immediately take his family hostage, so he dared to rebel, which led to today's situation. I have learned my lesson. Please observe me, and I won't make such a mistake again from now on. " ; The battle of Wuhuan was won. After coming back, Cao Cao investigated who opposed the fight at the beginning. Everyone is very scared and thinks that it will be settled after the autumn. As a result, Cao Cao rewarded those who raised objections and said, "This time I went out to war, which is very dangerous. I won by luck. This is not common. Your suggestion is a real solution, so I will reward you. Don't be embarrassed to put forward such opinions in the future. " 3. Have great personality charm and be good at employing people. Both Yu Xun and Guo Jia betrayed the powerful Yuan Shao when Cao Cao was still weak. Cheng Yu was twice conquered by the local secretariat (governor) and was unmoved. When Cao Cao comes, get out of the mountain at once. Zhang Liao, Zhang He and Huang Xu were promoted and reused as generals, while Yu Jin and Le Jin were small officials with no blood relationship, which had never happened before Cao Cao. A large number of officials and military commanders have used them well. They will not abandon it because of some personality defects, and always put the right talents in the right position. 4, be a real person, no shelf. As a law to analyze one's mental journey, a narrative Lexus is very true, without any rhetoric. Compared with Yuan Shu and Liu Bei, Cao Cao's moral self-discipline is obviously greater than his ambition. Sun Quan advised Cao Cao to be emperor, and Cao Cao said, "This boy wants to roast me on the fire!" " During the crusade against Ma Chao, the enemy all rushed forward to see what the famous Cao Cao looked like. Cao Cao smiled and said to them, "Do you want to see me?" I am just an ordinary person, without four eyes and two mouths. To say that I am different from ordinary people, I have a little more wisdom. "Humorous amiable image from the page. The arrogant Mi Fei humiliated Cao Cao. Instead of killing him, Cao Cao laughed: "I wanted to humiliate Mi Heng, but he humiliated me. "The biography of Cao Zang said that Cao Cao was frivolous and gave a banquet with the guests. When he is happy, he laughs, with his head down to the dining table and his turban wet. If there is, isn't there no shelf at all? Cao Cao is not perfect, let alone a moralist who can be measured by "benevolence". As a lean generation, he has a heavy spirit of killing. I think Cao Cao has several obvious shortcomings: 1, brutality. When I avenged my father's crusade against Tao Qian, the Holocaust and Surabaya did not flow. Cao Cao's men Xia and Cao Ren also recorded many massacres, and their massacres were also inspired by Cao Cao. Speaking of the massacre, Liu Bei, who is famous for his "benevolence", is really spotless. There are also many butchers on Sun Quan's side. In addition to attacking the Central Plains, Sun Quan conquered the ethnic minorities in the mountains and killed many people. After Dai Zhao's affair was exposed, Cao Cao killed Dong Cheng's daughter, the emperor's concubine Dong Guiren, and Dong Guiren was pregnant, and Emperor Xian of Han pleaded for her. After Wan Fu's letter incident was exposed, he killed the queen and the prince and exterminated the nation. " "Biography of Cao Zang" said that once Cao Cao took Aiji to sleep during the day, saying that he should have a good sleep and wake him up before going to bed. As a result, Ai Ji couldn't bear to wake Cao Cao when he woke up. Seeing that he was asleep, he was very angry and ordered to kill this Ai Ji with a stick, and so on. 2, bloodthirsty, in addition to killing people, but also killing celebrities. In his early years, he killed Yuan Zhong and Huan Shao, celebrities who had a holiday with him. Huan Shao knelt down and begged for mercy. Cao Cao said, "Can you kneel down to avoid death? "Or killed. Killing dissidents, Kong Rong. Xu You, an old friend, always showed off Guandu's achievements, which hurt Cao Cao's face and killed him. Lou Gui, an old friend and hero, was killed for offending Cao Cao with his words. In his later years, he forced Yu Xun to death and wronged Cui Yan. These records reflect the vicious side of Cao Cao, a villain, which is completely contrary to his generosity and is very contradictory. Cao Cao forgave many people in his life, even the famous baiwenhang Lu Bu wanted to forgive, but he was killed because of Liu Bei's words. I tried to forgive Chen Gong, but Chen Gong was ungrateful. Yuan Shao's loyal minister Jushou also wants to be reused. The giant wanted to go back to Yuan Ying and had to kill him. Another famous baiwenhang, Liu Bei, was so kind that the tiger returned to the mountain to raise a tiger. But you can't forgive these people. 3, lascivious, have a wife. Zhang Xiu rebelled because of Zhang Naxiu's aunt; When Liu Bei and Liu Bei beat Lu Bu, Guan Yu asked Cao Cao to give him Du Fu, the ex-wife of Qin Luyi under Lu Bu, after he broke the city. Cao Cao also agreed at that time, and Guan Yu mentioned it many times before breaking the city. Cao Cao was curious to see what kind of beauty it was. As a result, he took it himself, which made Guan Yu very uneasy. Qin's death is also related to taking his wife; Mother Yan; Zhen Shi, Yuan's wife, was also betrothed to Xelloss. There are several obviously exaggerated shortcomings: 4. Betrayal. Mainly from the biography of Cao Zang, there is no official history. Of course, the official history also said that "Mao Shao is alert and has the right to count, and he is dissolute and incurable", which is not a good word. Cao Cao is like a sly and idle loafer. "Biography of Cao Zang" said that when he was a child, he would pretend to be sick and cheat his uncle. Because Cao Cao was idle when he was a child, his uncle reported it to his father. Cao Cao figured out a way to cure him. Once he saw his uncle coming, he pretended to be paralyzed and his mouth tilted to one side. Uncle was surprised and asked him what happened. Cao Cao said, "I had a stroke. "Uncle went to tell his father. His father was taken aback and quickly called Cao Cao. When he saw it, it was nothing, quite normal, so he asked him, "Didn't your uncle say you had a stroke?" Cao Cao said, "I didn't have a stroke. My uncle doesn't like me, so he set me up. "So his uncle later reported that Cao Cao's father no longer believed him, and Cao Cao was even more presumptuous. When Xu Youlai defected, he didn't tell the truth. He lied that the canteen could last for one year and then half a year. Under repeated threats, he told the truth and could only last for a month. During the war, there were not enough rations. What about the beadle in charge of the granary? The petty official said, "Why don't you change to a small bucket? "Cao cao also said yes. As a result, everyone quit, saying that Cao Cao bullied people and refused to give food. Cao Cao said to the petty official, "Now, I can only borrow your head. "Chop him, send a message:" It was the small official in charge of the granary who changed the bucket and stole the official grain, and now he was killed. "Calm the public's anger. It is also recorded in Di Xian Chun Qiu that Cao Cao and Lu Bu were defeated. Lu Bu's soldiers caught Cao Cao but didn't know it was Cao Cao himself. They also asked, "Where is Cao Cao? Cao Cao lied to him and said, "It's the horse that Huang Ma rode." . "So the soldiers put down Cao Cao in Huang Ma and chased the rider, and Cao Cao was able to escape. Cao Cao has many tricks in the military, such as tampering with the imperial edict to alienate Han Sui Ma Chao, etc. But as the saying goes, "All is fair in war", and the brilliant military tricks are not enough as a negative case of Cao Cao's treachery. Ordinary people think that Cao Cao is treacherous because he is a traitor who usurps the Han Dynasty. Of course, traitors can't be traitors. Actually, it's quite right. There will be treachery in Cao Cao's character. The Biography of Cao Zang and the Spring and Autumn Annals of Di Xian in Pei's notes can also be used for reference, but on the whole, the heroic spirit of Cao Cao in the Records of the Three Kingdoms is hard to find. 5. suspicious. The most famous story is the killing of the Lv Boshe family. There are three versions of this story. One is Wang Shen's Shu Wei, which is also the official version of Wei. It is said that Cao Cao went to find his old friend Lv Boshe on his way to escape, but Lv Boshe was not at home. His son and guests robbed Cao Cao of his horses and property. Cao Cao stood up to defend himself, killed several people with his sword and left. The second is the story of Wei and Jin Dynasties. It is also said that Cao Cao went to Lv Boshe, Lv Boshe was not at home, and all his five sons were there. He was very polite to Cao Cao, but Cao Cao thought that he was a criminal in the imperial court and suspected that they were hurting themselves. He killed eight people with his sword that night and left. On this basis, Sun Sheng's Miscellaneous Notes described it more vividly, saying that Cao Cao heard the sound of pots and pans and mistakenly thought that he would use weapons against himself, so he killed him in the dark, only to find that he had killed the wrong person. He said sadly, "I would rather let others down than let others down!" "If the last two versions are true, it really means that Cao Cao was suspicious at that time. Cui Yan's death can also explain Cao Cao's paranoia, Cui Yan's words "save the table, but love your ears! "! If it changes, it changes. "You don't see the point. Only when Cao Cao has a ghost in his heart will he be suspicious. Since ancient times, spy politics and literary inquisition have been the specialty of autocratic rulers, and both Zhu Yuanzhang and Kangxi like to engage in literary inquisition. The Biography of Cui Yan clearly mentioned that Cao Cao was jealous, and Kong Rong, Xu You and Lou Gui were all killed for disrespect to Cao Cao, just like Cui Yan. The Biography of Cao Cao even said that if ministers had better plans than themselves, Cao Cao would not dare to find a reason to kill them. This is in sharp contrast to Cao Cao's love for talents and his love for talents recorded in the History of the Three Kingdoms. Zhou Buyi, a teenager suspected of murder, is a natural child prodigy with superior intelligence, just like Cao Chong. Cao Cao wanted to betrothed his daughter to him, but he didn't accept it. When Cao Chong died, Cao Cao wanted to kill Zhou Buyi together. Cao Pi remonstrated and said, "This man is beyond your control." Or send an assassin to kill him. One more thing, I think the most important shortcoming that led to Cao Cao's final failure is complacency. Because of modesty, Cao Cao won the battle of Guandu. Cao Cao ignored Sun Quan and Liu Bei because of his complacency, which led to the loss of Red Cliff and the great opportunity to unify China. In his letter to Sun Quan, Cao Cao said, "The relatives will be condemned, and Liu Cong will give up on himself. Today, there are 80 water conservancy troops, and Fang and the general will hunt in Wu. " Very arrogant, perhaps to shock opponents, but also exposed Cao Cao's pride. Huang Gai's fake surrender is not without flaws. Pay more attention, and Huang Gai will not succeed. Out of pride, after Zhang Xiu surrendered, Cao Cao did a very outrageous thing, forcing his aunt Zhang Xiu, and he was unprepared. As a result, he almost lost his life and his beloved son. Liu Zhang had befriended Cao Cao and sent Zhang Song to see Cao Cao. Zhang Song was originally a spy, but Cao Cao's arrogant attitude towards Zhang Song led to Zhang Song's antipathy. He advised Liu Zhang to break off relations with Cao Cao and turn to Liu Bei's arms, so that Cao Cao missed Yizhou. This is the biggest shortcoming that led to Cao Cao's final failure. Generally speaking, Cao Cao is a hero, and many advantages are the key factors to help him succeed. But in him, it also reflects the cruelty and struggle of human nature. Especially in his later years, his desire for power expanded, and his heart became a demon and became more cruel. Even the mentor Yu Xun and Cui Yan, the first gentleman in the world, were born to die. This is also the terrible place of power desire since ancient times.
Cao Cao is regarded as a traitor by us, but he has both good and bad sides.
As a person, Cao Cao is one of the most famous historical figures in China, and also one of the most controversial figures. Some people think that Cao Cao is good at playing politics, is insidious and cunning, and is a real traitor. Some people think that Cao unified northern China in troubled times and let the people recuperate, so he is a hero in the world. So what kind of person is Cao Cao?
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Cao Cao was born into an official family, and his grandfather Cao Teng was a eunuch. Because of the meritorious service of establishing Emperor Huan of Han Dynasty, he was named Da Changqiu and Fei Houting. Cao Cao's father, Cao Song, was Cao Teng's adopted son, and he was Qiu (one of the three public officials, the highest official in Wu Zhi) during the reign of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty.
Cao Cao has been an official for three generations, and since he was a child, he has had the habits of playboys and done many practical jokes. Cao Cao's friends are also rich dude, such as Yuan Shao and Zhang Miao. But among these people, Cao Cao has the most tricks, often doing something out of line, and always letting Yuan Shao take the blame afterwards.
When Cao Cao was young, he was willful, chivalrous and bohemian, so everyone around him thought that Cao Cao was an idle prodigal son and could not achieve great things. However, Xu Shao, a famous character critic at that time, commented on Cao Cao as "a capable minister in charge of the world and a hero in troubled times". Later, I made such an evaluation in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Because of the author's personal preference, it was changed to "can rule the son of the world, traitors in troubled times." A large part of Cao Cao's reputation as a traitor comes from this.
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Although Cao Cao doesn't learn knowledge, what he doesn't learn is the kind of rigid "everything is right" ancient books. He still has a high enthusiasm for learning knowledge and reads widely at a young age. Cao Cao especially likes Sun Tzu's art of war, and once copied various ancient strategies of Sun Tzu's art of war. These laid a solid foundation for his later military career.
The first official position in Cao Cao's life was to be appointed as the commander of Luoyang Northern Army, which is equivalent to the director of a branch of Beijing Public Security Bureau today. At that time, Luoyang was full of royalty, and these people were usually arrogant and difficult to manage. As soon as Cao Cao arrived at his post, he announced that it was forbidden to strictly observe the law and discipline, and made more than ten colored sticks to hang around the yamen. "Anyone who violates the ban will be beaten to death with a stick." The emperor's favorite eunuch's uncle Jian Shuo was forbidden to go at night. Cao Cao showed no mercy and executed him with a five-color stick. As a result, "the capital is gone, and no one dares to commit crimes." Cao Cao also offended many powerful people, but because his father Cao Song was Qiu, no one dared to touch Cao Cao, so he was promoted from heaven to earth and transferred Cao Cao to Dunqiu.
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After the outbreak of the Yellow Scarf Uprising, Cao Cao was worshipped as the riding captain and was ordered to join hands with Huang Fusong and others to attack the Yellow Scarf Army in Yingchuan. As a result, he broke the Yellow Scarf Army and beheaded tens of thousands of people. Later, he was named Jinan Xiang for his work. After Cao Cao came to power, he vigorously rectified the bad atmosphere of local officialdom, but also offended local dignitaries. Later, because Cao Cao was dissatisfied with the darkness and corruption of officialdom, he went back to the village under the pretext of illness, studied in spring and summer, hunted in autumn and winter, and lived in seclusion.
In the last years of Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty, in order to strengthen the rule of imperial power, a captain named Xi Yuanba was appointed to take charge of the imperial army. Cao Cao was appointed as the captain of the imperial army among the eight captains. 189, Emperor Han Ling died. The contradiction between general blade and the eunuch group's "ten constant attendants" broke out completely. In the end, both Blade and ten regular attendants were defeated, and Dong Zhuo took the opportunity to enter Beijing and take control of the state affairs. When Cao Cao saw Dong Zhuo's perverse behavior, he fled to Liu Chen, "dividing the spoils and helping the soldiers", and called on the world's heroes to crusade against Dong Zhuo. From then on, Cao Cao led his men to the north, gradually established the status of the overlord in the north, and became a hero in troubled times, regardless of trivial matters