① (3 points) The frontier fortress is high-spirited and tragic (high-spirited) gloomy and sad (depressed complex)
② (3 points) The author describes "the moon" The magnificent and sad scene of "Lighting the Great Wall" expresses infinite nostalgia and sorrow for reality. (As long as the meaning is close)
Liangzhou Ci
Wang Zhihuan’s poem writes about the nostalgia of soldiers guarding the border. The writing is desolate and generous, sad without losing its grandeur. Although it tries its best to exaggerate the resentment of the garrison soldiers who cannot return home, it does not have the slightest sense of depression and depression, fully demonstrating the open-minded and broad-mindedness of the poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
The first sentence "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds" captures the characteristics of distant views and paints a moving picture: On the vast plateau, the Yellow River rushes away. Looking far to the west, it seems that it flows into Just like the white clouds. The second sentence, "An isolated city in Wanren Mountain", writes about the isolated city on the fortress. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, an isolated city on the frontier stands tall. These two sentences describe the majestic momentum of the motherland's mountains and rivers, outline the geographical situation of this important national defense town, highlight the desolate situation of the border guards, and provide a typical environment for the latter two sentences to depict the psychology of the defenders.
In this environment, I suddenly heard the sound of the Qiang flute, and the tune it played happened to be "Folding Willows", which could not but arouse the sorrow of separation among the soldiers. The ancients had the custom of breaking off willow trees and giving them to each other before parting. "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic, so gifting willow means taking a commemoration. The Northern Dynasties Yuefu's "Drum and Horn Horizontal Blowing Song" includes "Breaking Willow Branches". The lyrics say: "When you get on your horse, you don't catch the whip, but instead bend the willow branches. When you get off your horse, you play the horizontal flute, worried about killing the travelers." The song mentions the breaking of willow branches when travelers are leaving. This style of breaking willows to give farewell was extremely popular in the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, willows and farewell have a close connection. Now, when the soldiers on the border hear the sad melody "Breaking Willows" played on the Qiang flute, they will inevitably feel sad about separation. Therefore, the poet explained in a cheerful tone: Why does the Qiang flute always play the sad tune "Breaking Willows"? You know, outside the Yumen Pass is a place where the spring breeze cannot blow, so there are no willows to break! Saying "Why complain" does not mean that there is no resentment, nor does it advise the garrison soldiers not to complain, but that it is useless to complain. The use of the three words "why complain" makes the poetry more reserved and profound.
The third and fourth sentences were considered ironic by Yang Shen of the Ming Dynasty. In his "Sheng'an Poetry Talk", he said: "This poem is not as benevolent as the frontier fortress. The so-called king's gate is thousands of miles away." "The author writes that there is no spring breeze there, using nature as a metaphor for the fact that the supreme ruler who lives in the prosperous imperial capital is not considerate of the people's sentiments and ignores the soldiers who go out to Yumen Pass to guard the border. Ancient Chinese poetry has always had the tradition of "responsibility", not to mention that "poems are incomprehensible". We think it is not impossible for readers to understand it this way, but we cannot be sure that the author really meant this. The specific explanation of these two sentences: Since the spring breeze cannot blow outside the Yumen Pass, the willows outside the pass will naturally not spit out leaves. What is the use of "blaming" it?
Marching in the Army
This poem intercepts a fragment of the military life in the frontier fortress, and expresses the deep and complex emotions of the soldiers by writing about the banquets in the army.
"The pipa dances to a new sound." As the dance changes, the pipa plays new tunes, and the poetic realm unfolds amidst the sound of music. The pipa is an instrument rich in the flavor of the border areas, and the "huqin, pipa and qiang flute" are often indispensable when drinking and making music in the army. These instrumental music, for the conquerors, have an exotic flavor and can easily arouse strong feelings. Since it is a "new voice", it can always give people some new interest and new feelings, right?
"There is always a separation between the mountains and the mountains." The main content of borderland music can be summed up in one word: "Old Farewell". Because art reflects real life, who among the conscripts has not left his hometown or even left his wife behind? "Farewell" is actually the most common and profound emotion and creative material. Therefore, the pipa can be replaced with a new tune, but the emotional content contained in the lyrics cannot be replaced. "An Explanation of Ancient Yuefu Titles" says: ""Guan Shan Yue" is also a sign of injury." In addition to the literal meaning of "Guan Shan" in the sentence, it is a pun on the tune of "Guan Shan Yue", which has a deeper meaning.
The "old" in this sentence corresponds to the "new" in the previous sentence, which becomes a twist in the poetry, creating a mood that resists falling and uplifting. Especially the use of "always" as a powerful transition is especially effective. Show. Since the second sentence emphasizes the "oldness" of farewell, is this music too boring? No, "I can't listen to endless worries while stirring up chaos", that tune can always make people upset and restless no matter what time it is. Therefore, the tunes that can be played endlessly and "heard endlessly" really make people afraid of listening to them, but also love to listen to them, and they are always emotional. This is another twist and turn in the poem, another ups and downs of tone. "I can't hear enough", is it resentment? Is it a sigh? Like? Meaningful. The interpretation of "the performance cannot be completed" is naturally biased towards lamentation. However, if you say "I don't hear enough", it also contains praise. Therefore, the "border sorrow" mentioned in this sentence is not only the bitterness of thinking about returning home for a long time, but it also has more meanings. At that time, the border troubles in the north had not been eliminated, and the armored soldiers could not be completely quelled. Thinking of this, the garrison troops would feel uneasy and dissatisfied. Most of the predecessors only saw the "sour and sad" side of it, which may not be very comprehensive.
The first three sentences of the poem are all lyrical about the sound of music. When it comes to "bian sorrow", the three words "cannot be heard" are used. So how to use the limited seven words in the concluding sentence to complete this "inexhaustible" is the most important. See skill. The poet here lightly adds a stroke to express his feelings with the scenery. It seems that after the scene of drinking and having fun in the army, a vast and vast scene of a full moon shining on the Great Wall suddenly appeared: the ancient and majestic Great Wall is undulating, the autumn moon is shining high, the scene is magnificent and sad.
How would you feel about this? Is it infinite nostalgia? Is it the ambition to make contributions to the frontier and the sorrow for reality? Perhaps, we should also add a deep love for the mountains, rivers and scenery of the motherland, etc.
Readers may feel that after the emotional trickles in the first three sentences developed in twists and turns (new voice - old farewell - inexhaustible), they have merged into a deep water here. The water of the lake is rippling and swirling. "High in the sky, the moon shines on the Great Wall in autumn", the scenery here is emotive and sublime, which sublimates the poetic sentiment. It is precisely because the love is inexhaustible that the poet "cannot exhaust it" and "thinking into the vagueness, as if out of reality", which makes people feel such rich and profound thoughts and feelings, and the inner world of the conqueror can be expressed deeply. This poem has reached the highest level of the seven extremes. In addition to the twists and turns of the music, the appearance of the poem in a desperate situation cannot be ignored.