1, original text
Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, Cheng and Kang, how much you love the people, how much you care about the people, and how much you treat the world as a gentleman and an elder. There is a kind of goodness to reward it, to praise and lament it, so appreciate it from beginning to end.
If there is something bad, we must punish it, and then we must lament the punishment, so we are abandoned and exploited. Therefore, it is called the voice of sorrow and sorrow, which is found in the books of Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou. Cheng and Kang didn't. Mu and Zhou began to decline, but he still ordered to punish his minister Lv Hou with auspicious punishment.
His words are sad without hurting, strong without anger, broken with love, sad without evil, and Confucius still has something to recommend. Biography said: "Appreciate doubt and obedience, so be generous;" Be cautious when the punishment is suspicious. "
Yao was a scholar when he was in power. Can kill people, say "kill" three, Yao said "kill" three. Therefore, what the world is afraid of is Hao Tao's firm law enforcement, while Leyao's punishment is lenient. Siyue said "guns can be used", Yao said "no, guns can command clans", and then he said "try it".
He Yaozhi didn't listen to Hao Tao's murder, but used four mountains. However, the sage's intentions can also be seen. "Book" said: "The suspicion of sin is only light, and the suspicion of merit is only heavy. It is better to kill if you lose. " Oh, it's over.
You can enjoy it, you can not enjoy it, or you can enjoy it too much; You can punish, you can not punish, and the punishment is too positive. Tairen is a gentleman; If you are too loyal, you will become a forbearance. Therefore, benevolence can be punished, and righteousness cannot be punished. The ancients did not reward with titles, but punished with knives and saws.
Rewarding him with a generous salary is a way to reward him, not that he doesn't pay. Punishment with a knife saw is that the power of punishment is imposed on the knife saw, not on the knife saw. The first king knew the goodness of the world well, so he could not praise it, and the title was not enough to persuade him;
Knowing the evil in the world is hard to punish, and a knife saw is not enough to cut it. Therefore, if you are suspicious, you should treat the world with kindness, and treat the world with gentlemen and elders, so that the world can be equal to gentlemen and elders. So loyalty is the best.
"Poetry" said: "A gentleman is like a gentleman, and it is chaotic. The gentleman is angry and chaotic. " What's the difference between a husband and a gentleman? When it was angry, it didn't lose its kindness. Spring and Autumn Annals means strict legislation and lenient responsibilities. Because of its praise and derogatory meaning, it is also loyal to reward and punish.
2. Translation
Tang Yao, Yu Shun, Yu Xia, Shang Tang, Zhou Wenwang, Zhou Wuwang, Zhou Chengwang and Zhou Kangwang, how much they love the people, how much they worry about them, and how much they treat the whole world as gentlemen and elders.
Someone did a good deed, rewarded him, praised him with songs, was happy for his good start, and encouraged him to stick to it; Someone has done something bad, punish him, pity him, and hope that he will abandon his mistakes and start a new life.
In the historical works of Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou, we can find the feelings of joy and sadness, the voices of agreement and disagreement. After the death of King Cheng and Kang Wang, King Mu succeeded to the throne, and the kingship of the Zhou Dynasty began to decline. King Mu ordered Lv Hou, the minister, to use "auspicious punishment".
What he said was sad but not sad, dignified but not angry, kind and decisive, kind and pitying the innocent. Therefore, Confucius selected this article "Laws and Regulations" into "Shangshu".
The ancient book says, "If you are in doubt when rewarding, you should still stay on the reward list to show your grace;" If there is any doubt about the punishment, the person who should be punished should be deleted from the list, "so as to use the criminal law carefully."
When Yao was in power, he was an official in charge of criminal law. To put a man to death, Hao Tao said three times that he should be killed, but Emperor Yao said three times in a row that he should be forgiven. Therefore, everyone was afraid of Hao Tao's resolute law enforcement and praised the lenient punishment of Emperor Yao. April suggested: "guns can be appointed."
Yao said, "No! Gun disobeyed orders and slandered his own people. " After that, he still said, "You try." Why didn't Yao listen to the execution, but listened to the gun in April? So we can see the mind of the saint from here.
"Shangshu" said: "When the crime is serious and suspicious, it should be dealt with lightly; If there is any doubt about the credit, I would rather give it a heavier reward. Law enforcement mistakes are better than manslaughter. " Alas! This sentence fully shows the meaning of loyalty.
It is too kind not to reward when you can reward; When you can punish or not punish, punishment goes beyond the just law. Too kind, but also a gentleman; Beyond righteousness, it becomes cruel.
Therefore, grace can be surpassed, and righteousness cannot be surpassed. The ancients rewarded without title and salary, and punished without knife and saw. Rewarding with title and salary only works for those who can get it, and cannot affect those who can't get it.
Using knives and saws as torture tools only works for those who are punished, but not for those who are not punished. Ancient monarchs knew that all good deeds in the world could not be rewarded with titles and salaries; We also know that all the evils in the world cannot be punished, and it is impossible to punish them all with a knife saw.
So when rewards and punishments are in doubt, treat them with goodwill. Treat the world with the generosity and kindness of gentlemen and elders, so that the world will gradually return to the loyalty and kindness of gentlemen and elders, so this is to reward and punish loyalty to the extreme!
The Book of Songs says: "A gentleman takes pleasure in teaching, and his troubles will stop quickly; A gentleman denounces slander, and the trouble stops quickly. "
Do gentlemen have different skills to stop disasters? He just controlled his emotions in time and did not deviate from the principle of kindness and leniency.
The great significance of Chunqiu lies in strict legislation and wide responsibility. It is also sincere to formulate a reward and punishment system according to its principle of praise and criticism!
Step 3 introduce
The Supreme Theory of Criminal Justice is an article written by Su Shi, a litterateur in Song Dynasty, in the second year of Jiayou in Song Renzong (1057). Based on faith, this paper cites the examples of ancient benevolent people's loyalty, loyalty, reward and punishment, and expounds the Confucian thought of benevolent government. The article is thorough in reasoning, rigorous in structure and concise and easy to read.
Second, On Chao Cuo
1, original text
The worst thing in the world is that nothing is cured, but in fact there are unexpected worries. It is hopeless to sit back and watch it change, but not to do it; If you do it, then the world will focus on peace and don't trust me.
Only a benevolent gentleman, a hero and a hero can create great trouble for the world and achieve great things; It's not just a matter of a few months, but a matter of striving for fame.
The world is flat, and the disaster is not born; I send it, I can receive it, and then I have a resignation in the world. When things come, follow them and let others take responsibility, then all the disasters in the world will focus on me.
Chao Cuo, the former leader, was loyal to the Han Dynasty and sought to weaken the Shandong vassals, who rose together in the name of making mistakes. And the son of heaven didn't look, but said it was wrong. The world is sad and wrong, and loyalty is also suffering. If you don't know the mistake, you can accept it.
People who made great achievements in ancient times not only had talent, but also had unremitting determination. Yesterday, Yu cut the dragon gate to control water and decided to release the sea from the river. If the party's achievements are not achieved, there will be terrible conflicts on the cover; Only when you know what it is, you are not afraid of things, and Xu's plan is so successful.
Is it strange that the husband is strong in seven countries and suddenly cuts it? The mistake is not donating at this time, which is a great disaster in the world. Controlling Wu Chu's life is a self-sufficient plan, which is to let the son of heaven live and defend himself.
Who cares if my husband is in trouble with the Seven Kingdoms? If you want your name, you will run away from it. In danger, you can live in peace; It is difficult for him to be the first, so he chose his safety and sent the son of heaven to danger. This loyal minister and righteous man is angry and resentful.
At this time, although there is no Yuan Ang, it will be miserable if it is wrong. who is it? If you want to live and defend yourself, you should let yourself be in control. Emotionally speaking, the son of heaven is difficult to be solid, but it violates his proposal.
According to Yuan Ang, you have to walk in it. Let Wu Chu oppose his mistake and let him take his own risks. If he hardens day and night, he will stay in the East, so that he won't get tired of his monarch, and then the son of heaven will rely on him to be afraid. Although there are hundreds of Angs, how can he get them?
Hey, honey! A gentleman in the world wants extraordinary achievements and has no way to be self-sufficient. It is not necessarily futile to make a mistake and win over Wu Chu, but a desire to strengthen oneself, and the son of heaven is unhappy. Treacherous court officials can take advantage of the gap, and the mistake is self-inflicted!
2. Translation
The most irreversible evil in the world is that there is no disaster in social stability on the surface, but there are actually unstable factors. If you passively watch the disaster happen but don't try to deal with it, I'm afraid it will develop irretrievably.
Get up and resolutely stop, worrying that the world has become accustomed to this stable appearance but does not believe me. Only those benevolent gentlemen and heroes can stand up and make great achievements for the stability of the country.
This can't be achieved overnight, let alone by people who strive for fame and fortune. The country is stable and calm, triggering the fuse of catastrophe for no reason.
I triggered it, I can stop it, and then I can convince the world forcefully. When trouble happens, but you want to avoid it and let others take the responsibility of appeasement, then the blame of the whole world must be concentrated on me.
Once upon a time, Chao Cuo joined the Han Dynasty and suggested that Jingdi weaken the strength of Shandong vassal states. So the Shandong vassal state followed him in the name of killing Chao Cuo.
But Jingdi didn't understand their intentions, so he killed Chao Cuo and advised them to withdraw. Everyone is saddened by Chao Cuo's loyalty, but they don't understand that part of the reason is caused by Chao Cuo himself.
Since ancient times, people who have achieved great things have not only outstanding talents, but also perseverance. Once upon a time, Dayu controlled water, opened Longmen, dredged the Yellow River, and made the flood water flow eastward into the sea.
When his whole project has not been finally completed, there may be terrible disasters such as breach and overflow, but he predicted it in advance, so when it happened, he could calmly deal with it without panic, so he finally succeeded.
The seven countries are so powerful, but suddenly they want to weaken it. Is it strange that they rebel? Chao Cuo didn't lay down his life at this time, suffering great disasters for the world to control the fate of Wu Chu and other countries, but wanted Jingdi to personally quell the rebellion and stay in Beijing to save his own life.
Besides, who started the chaos of the Seven Kingdoms? I want to win that good name. How can I avoid this trouble? Compared with the extreme security in Beijing, I am the mastermind of the disaster, choosing the safest thing to do, but leaving the most dangerous thing to the emperor. This is why loyal ministers and righteous men are angry.
At this time, even without Yuan Ang, Chao Cuo could not have avoided being killed. Why? I want to stay in Beijing, but I asked the emperor to make a personal expedition. According to the truth, the emperor has felt that this is a reluctant thing, but it is not good to oppose his suggestion, which just gives Yuan Ang an opportunity to spread rumors and slander, so that his purpose can be achieved.
If Chao Cuo laid down his life to bear the dangerous burden of counterinsurgency during the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms, and trained the army day and night like a sharp knife, so that his monarch would not be troubled, then the emperor would completely rely on him and would not feel anything terrible about the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms. Even with 100 yuan Ang, can we alienate them?
Alas! If a gentleman in the world wants to make contributions, then don't consider the plan to save his life. If Chao Cuo personally goes out to crusade against Wu, Chu and other seven countries, he may not succeed.
Just because he wanted to save himself, he upset the emperor, and the treacherous court official just took this opportunity to take advantage of it. Chao Cuo was killed to save his life!
Step 3 introduce
On Chao Cuo is an article written by Su Shi in the fifth to sixth year of Jiayou (1060- 106 1) and presented to the court.
There are two opinions about the specific time of the book "On Chao Cuo": one thinks that this article was written in Jiayou, Song Renzong for five years, and it was one of the twenty-five "Jin Lun" before the systematic examination; Another point of view is that this work was written in Jiayou for six years, and it is an exam-oriented article for Su Shi in the examination system.
Third, "You Jinshan Temple"
1, original text
The river in my home originated in the early days, and the official tour went straight to the sea.
It is said that the tide is ten feet high, and it is cold and there are sand marks.
Shipantou on the south bank of Zhong Ling has had stormy waves since ancient times.
Strive to climb to the top of the country, and there are many green mountains in the north and south of the Yangtze River.
Afraid to go home at night, the monk stayed to watch the sunset.
The breeze is boundless, the boots are thin, and the fish tail is red.
At that time, Jiang Yue was born, and the second watch was dark.
The river is like a torch, and the flying flame shines on the birds in the mountains.
I'm so disappointed, I don't know anything. What is not a ghost or a person?
Jiangshan is so reluctant to go back to the mountain, and Jiang Shen is so surprised and stubborn.
I am the god of Xie Jiang, and I can't return to my land like a river.
2. Translation
My hometown is located at the source where the Yangtze River first appeared.
Traveling for an official, but drifting into the sea with the river.
I heard that the spring tide here set off waves as high as ten feet.
Even if it is freezing, there are sand marks.
The huge stone mountain on the south side of Zhongqingquan is called Pantuo.
Follow the waves and river waves in the water since ancient times.
Try to climb to the top of the mountain and see your home thousands of miles away.
No matter what you look at in Jiangnan and Jiangbei, there are many green hills.
I'm afraid it's hard to find the way home when I'm homesick.
The holy monk on the mountain struggled to stay and enjoy the sunset in the mountain.
In the breeze, the water waves ripple with fine scales,
Half a day's sunset glow in the air is like rows of fishtail blood red.
At this time, the moon has just risen in the river.
At the second watch, the moon went down and the sky was dark.
There seems to be a torch in the quiet heart of the Yangtze River.
The soaring flames startled the birds living in the mountains.
Disappointed and lost, I couldn't recognize it when I was lying in the monk's house.
It's not a ghost, it's not something that strangers have.
Why don't you go home now,
Did Jiang Shen blame me for being too stubborn in my temperament warning?
Thanks to Jiang Shen, I have to remind you, but I have to,
If there is a field at home, it is better to run away than to go back to the field.
Step 3 introduce
In the third year of Xining in Song Shenzong (1070), Su Shi was appointed as the judge of Chengzhi Pavilion in Beijing, and sued the court, with the right to judge Kaifeng Prefecture. At that time, Wang Anshi vigorously promoted the new law in Bing Zheng.
Su Wan wrote articles such as The Book of the Gods and The Scholars, and criticized the new law bluntly, which naturally aroused the dissatisfaction of those in power. Su Shi deeply felt that his career was sinister and volunteered to go abroad.
In the fourth year of Xining (107 1 year), Hangzhou was awarded a contract. Su Shi was thirty-six years old. Passing through Zhenjiang, he came to Jinshan Temple in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River outside the city and visited two elders, Bao Jue and Tong Yuan. They are hospitable and very friendly. Su Shi stayed in the temple and was able to watch the night scene on the river in the middle of the night, so he couldn't help but remember and wrote this seven-character ancient poem.
Fourth, "Mid-Autumn Festival in Yangguan District"
1, original text
The twilight clouds are cold, and the silver-haired people silently turn to the tracts. If you don't meet a good night in this life, where will you see the bright moon next year?
2. Translation
At night, the clouds are all collected and the air is cold. The milky way is silent, and the white jade disc moves slowly in the sky. This night of my life is not always so beautiful. Where to see the bright moon next year?
Step 3 introduce
In the ninth year of Xining (1076), Su Shi was ordered to move to the middle of the river and leave Mizhou for the south. The following spring, Su Zhe went to meet him from Beijing, and his brothers went to Beijing together. When he arrived in Chen Qiaoyi, Su Shi was ordered to change his knowledge of Xuzhou.
In April, Su Zhe and his brother came to Xuzhou and stayed until the Mid-Autumn Festival. For the first time in seven years, the two brothers enjoyed the moon China together, instead of Cicada Juan. Su Zhe wrote a poem entitled "Shuidiao Tou" (Xuzhou Mid-Autumn Festival), and Su Shi wrote this fine print called "Mid-Autumn Festival".
Five, "mink head, when is the bright moon?"
1, original text
When did the moon begin to appear? I take my glass from a distance. I don't know about palaces in the sky. What year is tonight? I'm willing to ride the wind to the sky, I'm afraid I can't stand the cold for nine days in a pavilion of fine jade. Dance and enjoy the shadow of the moon, which is in the world.
The moon turned into a scarlet pavilion, hanging low on the carved window, shining on the sleepy self. The moon should not have any resentment against people. Why is it round when people are gone? People are sad and happy, and they are separated and reunited. The moon has yin and yang, and there are gains and losses. Nothing is perfect, even in the past. I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away.
2. Translation
When did the bright moon begin to appear? I raised my glass and asked the distant sky. The palace in the sky, I don't know what year and month tonight. I want to ride the breeze back to the sky, but I'm afraid that the buildings built by Meiyu can't stand the cold of nine days. Dancing and enjoying the clear shadows under the moon, is it like being on the earth?
The moon revolves around the scarlet pavilion, hanging low on the carved window, shining on the sleepy self. Mingyue shouldn't have any regrets about people, should she? Why is it round when people are gone?
People have joys and sorrows, and the moon changes from sunny to sunny. This kind of thing has been difficult to be comprehensive since ancient times. I only hope that all the relatives in this world can be safe and healthy, and even if they are thousands of miles apart, they can enjoy this beautiful moonlight.
Step 3 introduce
This word was written by the author during the Mid-Autumn Festival in Song Shenzong on 1076 (the ninth year of Xining). The preface before the word explains the process of writing the word: "Chen Bing Mid-Autumn Festival, drunk with joy. I am pregnant for this article. "
Su Shi begged for freedom and served as an official everywhere because of his different political views from Wang Anshi, a political reformer in power. He once asked to be transferred to a place near Su Zhe to be an official, so that his brothers could get together more. In A.D. 1074 (the seventh year of Xining), Su Shi knew Mizhou.
After arriving in Michigan, this wish still cannot be realized. On the Mid-Autumn Festival in A.D. 1076, the moon was bright and Yin Hui was everywhere. The poet and his younger brother Su Zhe had not been reunited for seven years. At this moment, the poet is facing a bright moon, and his heart is full of ups and downs, so he wrote this famous article with the strength of wine.
Baidu encyclopedia-Su Shi