Time: Northern Song Dynasty
Author: Fan Zhongyan
Works: Fisherman on the River (Traveler on the River)
Content:
People who come to the river often only love perches.
Look at those poor fishermen, floating up and down in the big waves and rocking in the boats.
Precautions:
1. Fisherman: A fisherman.
2. but: only. Love: I like it. Perch: a kind of fish with a big mouth, a flat body and thin scales, a green back and a white belly, and delicious taste.
Jun: You. A boat floats on the water like a leaf.
4. haunt: flickering.
Brief analysis:
This poem is simple in language, vivid in image, strong in contrast and intriguing, reflecting the hardships of fishermen's work and arousing people's concern about people's livelihood. The first sentence is about people coming and going on the river bank, which is very lively. The second sentence describes the mentality of people on the shore and reveals the reasons for "communication". The line of sight drawn in the last two sentences indicates that the fishing boat is swaying in the wind and waves, and pay attention to the fishing site. Although the perch is delicious, it is difficult to catch, which expresses the poet's sympathy for the fishermen's sufferings and deeply exhorts the people on the shore who love the beauty of perch. The contrast between "river" and "storm", the two modes of "coming and going" and "leaf boat", and the two dynamics of "coming and going" show the theme of the whole poem.
Simple meaning:
People coming and going on the river like the delicious perch. Look at the small fishing boat in the river, floating in the wind and waves, visible for a while and invisible for a while.
1 1 April 4th is a stormy day.
Catalogue, author profile
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Original poem
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1 1 April 4th is a stormy day-land travel.
Brief introduction of the author
Lu You (1125-1210) was born in Yin Shan, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Patriotic poets in Southern Song Dynasty. Father Lu Zai is an intellectual with patriotic thoughts. Family education made Lu You set up the thought of worrying about the country and the people and the ambition of killing the enemy and serving the country from an early age. He studied tirelessly since he was a child, and he was able to write poetry at the age of twelve. He also studied sword and art of war. Around the age of twenty-five, he learned a lot from a patriotic poet, and he benefited a lot. From then on, the patriotic tone of his poetry creation was determined.
Other works
There are Collected Works of Weinan, Poems of Jiannan, Notes on the Old Learning Temple, Visit to Shanxi Village, Rain on Jianmen Road, Illness, Guan Shanyue, Sleeping in Shuicun Village, Book Anger, Early Spring Rain in Lin 'an and Autumn Night.
His five poems are: Bu Operator (by the broken bridge outside the post), Night Tour Palace (when the snow clears), Confession of Love (when Wan Li is looking for a seal), Queqiao Fairy (when the eaves are quiet) and Hairpin Phoenix (with bare hands); One of his articles: The Story of Traveling to Xiaogushan.
A masterpiece handed down from ancient times
Original poem
1 1 April 4th is a stormy day.
Song luyou
I don't feel sorry for myself in a remote village.
Think about keeping the wheel platform for the country.
Lying at night listening to the wind and rain,
Iron horse glacier dream.
translate
I lay flat in the lonely and desolate country and didn't feel sad.
Still thinking about defending the country.
Late at night, I was lying in bed and heard the sound of wind and rain.
I dreamt in a daze that I rode an armored horse across the frozen river and went to the northern battlefield.
To annotate ...
① jiāng prone position: upright prone position. ② Guard the wheel platform: guard the edge (jiāng). Luntai, a place name of the Western Regions in Han Dynasty, is now located in luntai county, Xinjiang. Here generally refers to the frontier defense stronghold in the north. ③ midnight (lán): late at night. 4 iron horse: a war horse in armor.
Make an appreciative comment
This is a patriotic poem written by Lu You, who is nearly seventy years old, lying in a cold quilt on a stormy cold night, supporting his aging body.
The first two sentences of this poem directly express the poet's own feelings. "Sleeping stiff" tells the poet's old feelings, while "lonely village" shows a state of isolation, which is extremely "stiff" and "lonely". Why not "feel sorry for yourself"? Because the poet's passion for patriotism has reached the level of selflessness, he no longer pays attention to personal health and living environment, but has the spirit of "thinking for the country and guarding the wheel platform". However, he doesn't know that the reality is cruel and independent of human will. All he can do is "think". These two sentences focus on the word "thinking", which shows the poet's unswerving ambition to serve the country and his concern for the country and the people!
The last two sentences are the deepening of the first two sentences, which are vividly written around the word "dream" The poet's concern for national affairs led to the dream of a military campaign, which reappeared his ambition of "guarding the wheel platform" in the form of a dream. Dreaming reflects the sadness of political reality: the poet's desire to serve the country was rejected, and he could not kill the enemy. His feelings of protecting the enemy could only be reflected in his dreams. However, the poet "has no self-pity", but his heart of serving the country and killing the enemy is even stronger. I think about it every day and dream every night. Therefore, the dream of "Tiema Glacier" fully shows the poet's strong patriotic thoughts and feelings.
Cunju
Country house (1)
Qinggaoding
Grasshoppers fly in February,
Brush willows on the embankment, get drunk and smoke in the spring.
The children came back early from school,
Use Dongfeng to fly a kite.
To annotate ...
(1) Village residence: Living in the country.
⑵ Brush willow: The branches of willow are very long, hanging down and swinging slightly, as if touching the bank.
(3) Drunk: intoxicated, intoxicated.
(4) expulsion from school: after school.
5. Paper kite: kite: eagle. Kite: A kite.
The author of Village Residence is Gao Ding, a poet in Qing Dynasty. This poem describes the scene of spring when the poet lived in the country and the scene of children flying kites after school. In early spring and February, the grass grows and the willows brush the embankment, and the children fly kites with great interest. There is a scene where someone has something to do, full of life interest, and draws a lively "happy spring picture". Between the lines of the whole poem, the poet's joy and praise for the coming of spring are revealed.
In February of the lunar calendar, grass sprouts and grows in front of and behind the village, and orioles fly around. Willow covered with long green branches, swaying in the wind, as if gently stroking the bank. Water vapor evaporates between Shui Ze and vegetation and condenses like smoke. Willow seems to be fascinated by this beautiful scenery. After school, the children in the village went home early without hesitation and quickly flew kites in the blue sky on the strong east wind.
The appreciation of Village Residence depicts a picture of children flying kites on the grass near the village in spring. This is a picture of rural life with natural scenery and touching people, full of vitality and spring. After reading this poem, we seem to enjoy the beautiful spring scenery with the poet and share the joy of children flying kites.
The first sentence is about time and natural scenery. In early spring and February, the grass grows green buds, and orioles fly in the sky and sing happily. The long branches of willows beside the embankment brushed the ground gently, as if drunk and trembling in the spring smoke.
The second sentence is about character activities. The children came back from school early and flew kites in the east wind. The children, east wind, kites, people and things chosen by the poet add some vitality and hope to the beautiful spring scenery.
Zhangshunmin Village in Song Dynasty
Running water surrounds the paddy field, and the fence is full of green bamboo; All the elm seeds have been lost, and the hibiscus flowers have become sparse.
As the sun sets, there is no cowboy riding on the back of the cow, only a pair of crows wandering on the village road.
-(Song) Zhang Shunmin
Zhang Shunmin was a famous poet in Song Dynasty.
Country House is one of his representative works. The poem describes a picture of a quiet and elegant autumn village with a hint of silence.
"Water around the ridge and bamboo around the hedge", the selection of materials is like the transformation of focal plane, from distant view to close view. In the distance of the village, flowing water gurgles around the fields on the hillside. The small garden outside the house, surrounded by green bamboo and green water, is idyllic. "all the money is lost, and the hibiscus flowers are rare." Hibiscus, also known as Hibiscus, blooms at the turn of summer and autumn, and its corolla is purple or white. Sparse hibiscus shows clear autumn, and a tree of elm money floats early. Therefore, although the courtyard is green and pleasant, it is a pity that the heyday has passed, and the remaining hibiscus flowers will inevitably cause the feeling of beauty dying. The significance of silence is self-evident.
"No one lies on the cow's back in the sunset, leading west Western jackdaw to return in pairs". The silence was broken by the hooves of cattle, and the poet switched the camera to the outside of the yard. The sun sets, the twilight is boundless, and the old cow slowly returns. This scene was sung as early as in the Book of Songs: "At dusk, the cattle and sheep came down". However, the poet did not repeat his predecessors' poems, but captured a brand-new artistic image: the old cow returned by itself, and the cow's back was not a cowherd playing piccolo, but a standing western Western jackdaw. Western Western jackdaw is easy to fly, but in this quiet atmosphere, carefree, standing on the back of cattle. The stillness of Western jackdaw in the west is dependent on the movement of a cow, and the movement of the cow includes the stillness of Western jackdaw in the west. The size and movement contrast to form a novel picture. Song poetry strives for innovation, which is evident here. Is the word "no one is lying down" redundant? Why not just say, "When the sun sets, western Western jackdaw stands on his back?" This is the charm of this poem. No one is lying down is a pen, which causes readers to question: so what is on the back of the cow? So it leads to "bring back western Western jackdaw in pairs", and now the image is just around the corner. Without this setback, it would be too straight and lack rhyme. The sight of cattle carrying birds has also been described by poets close to Zhang Shunmin's time. As Mai Su said, "Where did the leaves go with the flowing water? Cattle take West Western jackdaw to other villages (see the book Dongpo Inscription and Maishi), and Zhu He's Water Negative Bird Anger (Collection of Qing Hu's Legacy, Volume 5, Kuaizaiting Evening). Zhang Shunmin's poems are obviously more artistic. First of all, it incorporates its own emotional color. Cattle carrying Western jackdaw in the west reflects the tranquility and peace of rural life, but the author highlights the atmosphere with "sunset" and "Western jackdaw in the west", adding a touch of leisure to the tranquility. Second, the image is more delicate and vivid. If the "belt" and "row beam" cooperate with each other, the cow will feel at ease, and the cow and crow will naturally have no guess. It seems to be an understatement, but it has both form and spirit.
Silence is the keynote of this little poem. The first two sentences choose green water, fields, bamboo, hedges, elms, hibiscus flowers and other still lives to write static. The last two sentences are different techniques, which are dynamic and static. Cattle hoof is well received, walking slowly, noisy and dynamic, but it does not destroy the harmony and unity of the environment. The mystery lies in slow movement and single tone. This is obviously the same as Wang Wei's landscape poems, such as "Autumn in a Mountain" and "Bird Sound Stream", which are more about moving and writing static.
Through careful observation of life, this poem outlines a novel image in elegant and natural language, expresses the poet's leisurely and quiet mood with a little sadness, constitutes a harmonious artistic conception and gives people beautiful artistic enjoyment.
Cunwan
[Song] Lei Zhen
The pond is full of grass and water.
The mountain topic is cold in the sunset.
The shepherd boy went back and stepped over the cow's back.
Piccolo has no cavity.
This is a poem describing the night scene of the countryside. The pond surrounded by grass is full of water, and the sun is about to set. The red fireball seems to have been bitten by a mountain pass and reflected in the cold ripples of the pool water. The boy who drove the cow home sat on the cow's back and played a tune carelessly with piccolo. The poet used local materials to form a rural night scene with great interest in life.
Vicious: refers to the pond.
Title: In the mouth.
Yi: Water ripple.
Teacher: This poem was written by Lei Zhen, a famous poet in the Song Dynasty. Judging from the title, when and where was this poem written?
Health: This poem is about the scenery in the countryside at night.
Health; This poem is about the countryside in the evening.
Teacher: Your understanding is reasonable. How to understand it is more appropriate? Please read this poem. There are three new words in this poem. Let's read Pinyin and remember it.
(Free reading of new words, nominated reading)
Teacher: All the new words and sounds are read correctly. Please read this poem by yourself and see if you can read it correctly.
(free reading, nominated reading)
Teacher: What do you think of "village" and "night" after reading this poem?
Student: "Village Night" refers to the evening in the mountain village.
Teacher: Why do you understand this?
Health: The second sentence in the poem is "The mountain topic is soaking in the cold in the setting sun". From this sentence, we can know that this poem is about the evening scenery of the mountain village.
Teacher: You are good at reading. Just now, this classmate contacted the text to understand the meaning of the topic. This method of understanding is called contextual understanding. (blackboard writing: contact context)
Teacher: Please open your books and read this poem freely. If you don't understand, just put a question mark below.
Health: What do you mean by "vicious"?
Health: What is "Yi"?
Health: What do you mean by "title"?
Health: I don't know what "soaking in the cold" means.
Teacher: One of the questions raised by students just now is called "malice". (Showing courseware) This is "vicious", which refers to the pond. Do you understand?
Health: I see.
Teacher: Where does the grass grow?
Health: Grass grows in the pond.
Teacher: The word "vicious" in "the pond is full of grass and the pond is full of vicious water" refers to the pond. Is it the same as the pond ahead? If not, what does the pond in front mean?
Health: Vicious is different from the previous Pond. From the picture, there is grass growing beside the pond.
Teacher: You can understand by looking at the pictures. What does "pond" mean? (Show courseware: Tang 1, Embankment; 2. swimming pool; 3. take a bath; There are three interpretations of "Tang" in the dictionary. Please read the first sentence and think in context. What kind of interpretation should Tang choose?
Health: "pond" is the bank, and "pond" is the bank of the pond.
Teacher: Who can relate the meaning of this sentence?
Health: Thick grass covers the banks of the pond, and the pond is full of water.
Teacher: Just now, we understood the meaning of "pond" and "malice" by looking it up in the dictionary and combining pictures and texts. (writing on the blackboard: looking up a dictionary, combining pictures and texts) This is an important way to understand ancient poetry. If you don't understand some words in the poem, you can consult reference books, combine pictures and texts, or communicate at the same table. Can't really help you solve the teacher. Read this poem by yourself and use some methods that suit you to see what problems you can solve.
(Students can study freely)
Health: I know the meaning of "title" by looking it up in the dictionary. "Yi" refers to water ripples.
Health; From the courseware, I understand that the "sunset on the mountain" is slowly falling, and it falls between two mountains, as if it were contained by two mountains.
Health: "soaking in the cold" means that the reflection of the sunset in the mountain title is immersed in the cool water ripples.
Teacher: That's a good study.
Health: What do you mean by "nonsense"?
Teacher: "casual" means casual, and "casual blowing" means casual blowing. Is there anything you don't understand?
Health: No more.
Teacher: Now that the "obstacle" has been solved, which student can point to the picture and say the general meaning of this poem?
Health: Dense weeds cover the banks and ponds. The sun sets slowly and falls between two mountains like a mountain. Their reflections are immersed in the cool water ripples. Children returning from grazing, sitting on the back of cattle, playing piccolo in their hands, have no accent at all.
Teacher: The pond full of autumn water, the dense grass on the bank of the pond, the sunset between two mountains, the shepherd boy with piccolo in his hand and riding on the cow's back constitute the picture of the shepherd boy coming home late, with pictures and poems. Are the students beautiful?
Health: (chorus) beauty.
Teacher: Students, express your feelings and experiences through reading.
(free reading, designated reading and synchronous reading)
Teacher: This poem by Lei Zhen is lyrical and flawless, which makes people fondle it. The ancients paid attention to words when writing poems. Please read this poem by yourself. What words do you think are well used and what are their advantages?
Health: the word "title" is used well, and the image of the sunset is written.
Health: "Bite" also describes a dynamic beauty when the sun sets. The two mountains hold the sun like mouths.
Teacher: You have a good experience.
Health: the word "horizontal" is used well. It can be seen from the word "horizontal" that the shepherd boy is very naughty.
Teacher: What word can be changed to "horizontal"?
Health: "Horizontal" can be replaced by "sitting".
Health: "Horizontal" can be replaced by "riding".
Health: "horizontal" can be replaced by "horizontal".
Teacher: Why do you use "horizontal" here?
Health: From the word "horizontal", we can see that the shepherd boy is lively and lovely.
Health: using the word "horizontal" makes people realize the innocence and liveliness of children.
Teacher: What other word is used well?
Health: The word "nonsense" is well used. From this word, I realized the carefree look of the shepherd boy.
Teacher: What else can you learn from this word?
Health: You can also see that the shepherd boy is unruly and very naughty.
Health: the word "full" is well used, which means that there is more grass and more water.
Teacher: Students really understand. The word "full" makes us seem to see the vibrant scene of the grass and the beautiful scenery of the pond full of autumn water. A word "title" shows the image of the sunset moment. The word "horizontal" and "scattered" make the image of an innocent, lively, naughty and lovely child jump from the page. The whole poem is dynamic and vivid. The last two sentences in the poem, "the shepherd boy goes to cross the cow's back, and the piccolo has no cavity to blow", have become famous sentences that have been passed down through the ages.
A traveler's song
Tang Yuefu Meng Jiao
The mother used the needle and thread in her hand to make clothes for her long-distance son.
Before leaving, I had a stitch for fear that my son would come back late and his clothes would be damaged.
Who can say that a filial child like the weak can repay his mother's love like the sunshine in spring?
Precautions:
1, vagrant: a person who travels far away.
2, fear: worry.
3, inch grass: the metaphor is very small.
4. Sanchunhui: refers to the kindness of loving mothers. Sanchun: Spring lasts for three months. Formerly known as Meng Chun in the first month of the lunar calendar, mid-spring in February and Ji Chun in March; Hui, sunshine; Describe maternal love as the warm sunshine in spring.
5. Yin: Say
6. Return: Come back
Translation:
The kind mother has a needle and thread in her hand.
In order to make new clothes for children who travel far away.
Before she left, she was busy sewing.
I'm afraid my children will never come back.
Who can say that a son is as filial as grass,
Can you repay the kindness of a loving mother like Chunhui?
Comment: This is an ode to maternal love. This poem eulogizes the great beauty of human nature-maternal love.
In the first two sentences of the poem, the person written is mother and son, and the thing written is thread and clothes, but it points out the love of flesh and blood between mother and son. The two sentences in the middle focus on the actions and attitudes of loving the mother, showing the mother's deep affection for her son. Although there are no words and no tears, it is full of pure love, which is exciting and makes people cry. The last two sentences are the sublimation of the first four sentences. Using the metaphor of popular image, we pinned our fervent feelings on this naked child. How can we repay our children like maternal love and grass in spring?
With fresh, smooth, plain and plain language, the whole poem is full of rich and mellow poetry, which has touched the heartstrings of many readers for thousands of years and caused thousands of wanderers to sing.
Meng Jiao was down and out all his life, and he didn't get the humble position of Liyang County Commandant until he was fifty years old. Naturally, the poet did not care about such a small official, but still cared about mountains and rivers, while his official duties were neglected, and the county magistrate only paid him half a salary. Under this heading, the author notes that "Mu Ying Li Shang Zuo" is his work when he lived in Liyang. In the poem, an ordinary and great beauty of human nature, maternal love, is sung affectionately and truly, which has aroused the admiration of countless readers and won popularity for thousands of years.
Deep maternal love bathes children all the time. However, for Meng Jiao, a wanderer who has been displaced all the year round, the most unforgettable moment is the painful moment of separation between mother and child. This poem describes the ordinary scene of loving mother sewing clothes at this time, but it shows the poet's deep feelings. The first two sentences, "thread in the hand of a kind-hearted mother makes clothes for her wayward son's body", are actually two phrases, not two sentences. In this way, from people to things, the two most common things are highlighted, and the love of flesh and blood between mother and son is written. Then write two sentences about people's actions and attitudes, focusing on loving mothers. At this moment before departure, the old mother's stitches were so thin that she was afraid that her son would not come home for a long time and would sew the clothes more firmly. In fact, the old man's heart is not eager for his son to return safely at an early date! The affection of loving mother is revealed in the most subtle places in daily life. Simple and natural, kind and touching. There are neither words nor tears here, but a feeling of pure love overflows from this common scene, touching the heartstrings of every reader, making people cry and evoking the cordial associations and deep memories of children all over the world.
The last two sentences, based on the intuition of the parties, dig out the deep meaning of the next layer: "But how much affection there is in an inch of grass, I got three spring rays." Who said that? Some versions are Who knows and Who will, but it is best that Who said that according to the poem. The poet's rhetorical question is particularly meaningful. These two sentences are the sublimation of the first four sentences, the contrast of popular images, and the warm affection for children: how can a child like grass repay his mother's love as rich as the sunshine in spring? It really means "I want to repay kindness, I am very confused", and the feelings are so sincere and sincere.
This is an ode to maternal love. The poet, frustrated in his official career, experienced a cold world and a sad life, so he felt the value of family more and more. "Poetry is born from the heart, and sorrow should be the heart" (Su Shi's Reading Meng Jiao's Poems). Although this poem is not carved with algae paintings, it is fresh, smooth and unpretentious, which shows that its poetic flavor is rich and mellow.
This poem was written in Liyang. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, two Liyang people sang such a poem: "My father's book is full of baskets, and the car is still lingering" (Shi Qisheng's "Write My arms"); "How many tears have I shed, how many hands have I dyed, and how many clothes have I sewed" (Peng Gui's "My little brother came to the capital and felt very happy"). It can be seen that the deep impression left by Ode to a Wanderer is enduring.