Chi You is indeed a great historical figure who was contemporary with the Yellow Emperor in ancient Chinese history, and had a significant impact on Chinese history. However, for thousands of years, Chi You's great image and status have been seriously distorted and derogated. We are historical materialists. We should restore the true nature of history and confirm Chi You's historical status to enhance the scientific nature of Chinese history and promote the great unity of the Chinese nation.
However, there have been several erroneous ideological views over the years, which have seriously hindered the efforts to correct the Chi You issue. In order to get rid of wrong ideas and views and to rectify Chi You's name more smoothly, it is necessary for us to analyze these wrong ideas and views here.
There is a view that judges heroes by victory or defeat, or "the theory of victory or defeat of heroes." People who hold this view follow the old view of "the winner is king, the loser is the enemy". They believe that Chi You was the loser in the Battle of Zhuolu, so he should be included in the list of "rebels" and should not be regarded as our ancestor. Obviously, this view is wrong and untenable. Historical materialists cannot judge heroes based solely on victory or defeat. If our history books only write about the winners and erase the losers from the history books, then this kind of history books will be incomplete and unscientific. History should be the recording and evaluation of historical facts of past eras. The task of Marxist historical science is to discover and explain the laws of human historical development, elucidate the process of historical development, and use historical knowledge and historical experience to improve people's understanding of social transformation. Huangdi, Yandi, and Chiyou were the three great chiefs who formed the alliance of the three major tribes in ancient China. This is a historical fact that cannot be erased. If the losers are completely erased from the history books and not recognized, then how will Yan Emperor be treated? Because "the Yan and Huang tribes had three major conflicts in Banquan (it is said that Banquan is in Huailai County, Hebei). The Huangdi tribe led the tribes with bears, 罴, appearance, xiu and tiger as their totems to defeat the Yan Emperor." It can be seen that the Yan Emperor They were also the losers in ancient tribal wars. Can we deny that Emperor Yan is the founder of the Chinese nation because he is a loser? Obviously not. Therefore, we cannot deny that Chi You is our ancestor just because he is the loser. At the same time, we should also point out that if we write history and select characters based on the perspective of judging heroes based on victory and defeat, then from Chen Sheng and Wu Guang in the Qin Dynasty, Zhang Jiao in the Han Dynasty, Li Mi and Dou Jiande in the Sui Dynasty, and Huang Chao, Song Jiang and Fang La in the Song Dynasty, Li Zicheng in the Ming Dynasty, and Hong Xiuquan and Yang Xiuqing in the Qing Dynasty can not be called historical figures or written into history. Doesn’t this run counter to historical materialism? ! Now, since our "General History of China" has written the above-mentioned figures into history as historical figures, why not recognize Chi You as a historical figure and write it into history?
Another view is to emphasize the use of official history as the basis, or the "only official history theory." People who hold this view believe that Chi You is not mentioned in the orthodox history books of China, and there is no affirmation. In fact, this view is also wrong. Because the so-called orthodox history of China in the past was actually official history, which not only confused the authenticity. Moreover, the fake often overwhelms the real, so it needs to be rewritten. As Mr. Lu Xun said, there is a lot of Chinese culture that needs to be sorted out. Just like history, another volume must be compiled. Therefore, when we write Chinese history, especially ancient Chinese history, we cannot emphasize only relying on the so-called official history, but should pay attention to the use of unofficial historical materials and historical legends. Comrade Huagang said in the book "The Reversal of the General History of China": "When carrying out the work of revising the verdict of Chinese history, in addition to correcting one's own stance and ideological methods, special attention should also be paid to the use of unofficial historical materials. Because as Mr. Lu Xun said : 'China's soul is written in history, indicating its future destiny. It's just because the coating is too thick and there is too much nonsense, so it is difficult to see the details. Just like the moonlight shining on the berry moss, only one can see it. But if you look at unofficial histories and miscellaneous notes, it is easy to understand, because they don't have to pretend to be historians." It can be seen that the authenticity of unofficial histories and miscellaneous notes is far beyond the reach of official history. Therefore, we should not underestimate the historical facts of historical materials such as visual history, miscellaneous notes, historical legends, anthologies and poems, and should not hold an attitude of only orthodox historical theory. Tongjin, on the issue of Chinese historiography, Comrade Guo Moruo has taken the lead for us in terms of not only focusing on orthodox historical theory, not only on orthodoxy, not only on books, but on facts, and in reversing certain parts of Chinese history. His works such as "Self-Criticism of Ancient Studies", "Research on Qu Yuan", and "Ten Criticisms" are proof. Therefore, the view that only emphasizes the basis of official history is one-sided and inconsistent with the stance, viewpoint and direction of Marxist historical materialism, and should therefore be corrected. As for the issue of Chi You, it is actually recorded and discussed in official history, unofficial history, miscellaneous notes, poetry, historical legends, etc. Volume 1 of "Historical Records", "The Chronicles of the Five Emperors" and "Historical Records of Justice" both talk about Chi You.
Another view is to ignore the Chi You issue, or the "indifference theory". People who hold this view believe that raising the issue of Chi You and trying to rectify Chi You's name is making a fuss out of a molehill, so they have an indifferent attitude towards the issue of Chi You. We believe that this attitude is very inappropriate and undesirable. It should be pointed out that the Chiyou issue is by no means a small issue, but a big issue. It is an issue related to the three ancestors of the Chinese nation. It is a major national issue and political issue. We must not ignore it indifferently. In order to illustrate the extreme importance of the Chi You issue, we must not talk about some recent relevant situations here.
First, it is reported that in March 1995, at the third session of the Eighth National People's Congress, representatives such as Lu Zhenfan and Long Mingwu proposed that "please inform the relevant departments to stop using the phrase 'we are all descendants of Yan and Huang' instead of The term "all ethnic groups in China" stipulated in the Constitution is used to facilitate ethnic unity." In June 1995, the General Office of the Central Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China replied in a letter: "The people of all ethnic groups in China have jointly created a glorious culture and have a glorious national tradition. Our ministry has always required that in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, Propaganda system units correctly use normative terms that safeguard national unity and promote national prosperity. At the briefing meeting for major news units in Hudu, entrusted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the leaders of the ministry have repeatedly asked the news units not to use "we". "We are all descendants of Yan and Huang", "Chinese people at home and abroad are all descendants of Yan and Huang" and other similar irregular terms. What needs to be pointed out here is why my country's ethnic minorities do not agree with the use of the phrase "we are all descendants of Yan and Huang"? Isn't this related to the failure to recognize Chi You's status as the ancestor? Third, according to the "People's Daily" report, the first national cultural seminar on the three ancestors of Yan, Huang, Chi, was opened in Zhuolu County, Hebei Province on September 25, 1995. 48 experts and scholars from both sides of the Taiwan Strait participated in the seminar,** *28 papers received. This seminar was co-sponsored by the Chinese Pre-Qin History Society, the Chinese Yanhuang Culture Research Association, the Zhuolu County Government, and others. "The scholars at the meeting agreed that Zhuolu County is the location of Jizhuolu and Banquan where many historical records record that Emperor Yan, Emperor Huang, and Chi You fought against each other. Chi You should be one of the ancestors of the Chinese nation like Yan and Huang. Scholars from both sides of the Taiwan Strait agree that, The study of the Three Ancestors and the archeology of Zhuolu should be strengthened to promote the development of Chinese culture and the unity of the Chinese nation." Third, according to a report in the Yangtze Evening News on July 25, 1995, "Nanbo's excavation of the Funing Luzhuang site revealed Chiyou for the first time. "The Eternal Mystery of the Disappearance of Tribal Liangzhu Culture" reported: "The Liangzhu Culture, the most developed and highly civilized culture in ancient my country, suddenly disappeared in the Taihu Lake area 4,200 years ago, becoming an "eternal mystery" in the archaeological community. Nanjing Museum in Fu Archaeological excavations in Ning County revealed Liangzhu cultural relics in the Jianghuai area for the first time, and it was discovered that the Liangzhu culture migrated from south to north after disappearing in the Taihu area, thus solving this "eternal mystery", the report also said. The discovery also “is of great significance to the study of the origins of civilization and the emergence of countries. According to "Historical Records", before the 21st century BC, Chi You, the leader of the Liangzhu Culture tribe, had a great battle with Emperor Xuanyuan - the Battle of Zhuolu. ... This excavation marked the northward march of the Chiyou tribe and gave the archaeological community a new understanding of the ancient cultural types in the eastern Jianghuai region. "The above situation shows that raising the Chi You issue and vindicating Chi You's name is well-founded, reasonable and meaningful, and it is by no means a fuss. Therefore, we should not adopt an indifferent attitude of turning a blind eye or listening to the Chi You issue. It is reported that Zheng You Because of this, General Chen Jing, a veteran Red Army and army writer, wrote to superior comrades in November 1994 and February 1995 respectively, suggesting that Chi You be rehabilitated. Unfortunately, there has been no significant progress on this issue so far.
In order to quickly clarify the truth about Chi You’s issue and make a correct evaluation of Chi You’s historical figure and status in a realistic, comprehensive, objective and fair manner, we recommend that the central government instruct relevant departments to take the lead and organize Relevant experts and scholars are conducting special research and striving to draw conclusions within this century in order to rectify Chi You's name and restore Chi You's status as the ancestor. We firmly believe that if this is done, it will be a major contribution to the Chinese nation and Chinese history. .
In short, Chi You is one of the three great ancestors of the Chinese nation, a great founder of ancient Chinese civilization, and a great historical figure that the Chinese people have long remembered. We should confirm Chi You's historical status. Promote the great unity of our Chinese nation and promote the comprehensive development of our country's political, economic and cultural development and overall social progress.