Second, use details such as appearance and psychology to portray characters. For example, in "Selling Charcoal Weng", an old and kind charcoal worker was painted at the beginning, which read "dusty and smoky, with gray temples and black fingers"; Then he used "rags, worry about charcoal cold, wish charcoal cold" to describe the inner contradiction of charcoal workers, which made the characters more vivid and touching, and implied that charcoal was his lifeblood. All these contribute to the deepening of the theme of the work.
Third, sharp contrast, especially class contrast. He often describes the decadent life of the ruling class to the fullest, but at the end of the poem, he suddenly highlights an opposite, betrays the ruling class, and aggravates the lashing of the ruling class.
Fourth, the combination of narrative and discussion. Satire poems are basically narrative poems, but at the end of the narrative, they often make comments and make a clear evaluation of what they have written. This is also related to his so-called "pawn chapter to show ambition." Some of his poems are quite successful. For example, after the concrete and vivid description of the red carpet, the author seems to point directly at the nose of Xuanzhou Prefecture and put forward justice, which gives a strong impression.
Fifth, the popularization of language. Approachability is the common style of white poetry. But satire is more prominent. This is because "people who want to see it are easy to see it." He imitated folk songs and adopted a sentence tone of 337 for the sake of popularity.
Bai Juyi (772-846), whose real name is Lotte, Xiangshan Jushi and Zuiyin, was born in Taiyuan, Shanxi [1-2], and his great-grandfather moved to Xiayi when he was born in Xinzheng, Henan. [3] is a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the three great poets in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen * * * advocated the new Yuefu movement, and together with Liu Yuxi, they called the world "Bai Yuan" and "Bai Liu". [4]
Bai Juyi's poems have a wide range of themes, various forms and simple and popular language, and are known as "the poet's magic" and "the king of poets". Official to Hanlin bachelor, Zuo Zanshan doctor. In 846 AD, Bai Juyi died in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan. Up to now, there are Bai's "Changqing Collection", and the representative works include Song of Eternal Sorrow, Charcoal Man, Pipa Travel and so on.
Bai Juyi was a great poet with great influence in the middle Tang Dynasty. His poetic thoughts and creations, which emphasize popularity and realism, occupy an important position in the history of China's poetry. In Jiu Shu Tong Yuan, he clearly said: "Servants aim to help the two, and they are independent. Always serve the Tao, and invent poetry. Calling it a satirical poem is also aimed at helping others; It's not bad to call it leisure poetry. " It can be seen that among Bai Juyi's four kinds of poems: irony, leisure, sentimentality and miscellaneous methods, the first two reflect his "obedience and constant goodness" and are the most valued. At the same time, he put forward his own literary proposition: "Articles should be written in time, and songs and poems should be written well." His poetic thoughts are mainly based on early satirical poems. [23]
As early as the early Yuan Dynasty, Bai Juyi showed a tendency to emphasize realism, popularity and allegory: "If there is no textual research on today's praise and demotion, there is a lack of punishment and persuasion;" If the poem "The Beauty Sting" does not test politics, then the significance of the make-up test will be abolished. ..... The satirist who admonishes Ci Fu, though wild, will be rewarded. "The role of poetry is to punish evil and persuade good, and make up for current politics. The means of poetry is praise and criticism, and it is admonition and irony. Therefore, he advocated: "establish an official who collects poems, open a satirical way, examine their gains and losses, and understand their feelings." (Poetry Sixty-nine) He opposes the simple pursuit of "high palace rhythm" and "strange writing" without content, and even more opposes the gorgeous poetic style of "mocking the wind and making flowers" since Qi and Liang Dynasties. In the preface to new Yuefu, he clearly pointed out that the standard of writing poetry is: "the quality and path of his words are easy to distinguish for those who want to see;" "His words are straightforward and he admonishes those who want to listen; Its business is nuclear and true, so people who use it can send messages; Its body is very smooth and can be played in music songs. " Here, "quality and diameter", "straightness and tangent", "core and reality" and "smoothness and smoothness" respectively emphasize that the language should be simple and popular, the discussion should be straightforward and exposed, the writing should be absolutely false and pure, the form should be smooth and fluent, and it has the color of ballads. In other words, poetry must be authentic, easy to understand and easy to sing in order to be considered the ultimate.