Classical poetry, a genre of China's ancient poetry, also known as classical poetry or archaism, refers to a genre of poetry that came into being before the Tang Dynasty, as opposed to modern poetry (also known as modern poetry) that appeared in the Tang Dynasty. Its characteristic is that the metrical restrictions are not too strict.
Classical Chinese includes ancient poetry, ancient prose, history and so on. Among them, ancient poetry belongs to the category of classical Chinese poetry. For example, 300 Tang poems, 300 Song poems, 300 Yuan songs, the Book of Songs and thousands of poems are all famous ancient poems.
Extended data:
Classical Chinese is characterized by paying attention to the use of allusions, parallel prose and neat rhythm, including strategy, poetry, words, songs, stereotyped writing and parallel prose. After the modification of literati in past dynasties, it became more and more flashy. Since the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu, a master of literature, initiated the "ancient prose movement" and advocated returning to popular ancient prose. The classical Chinese in modern books are generally marked with punctuation marks in order to facilitate reading and understanding.
Classical Chinese comes from vernacular Chinese and is characterized by writing on the basis of words, so it pays attention to allusions, antithesis and neat melody without punctuation. Before the Vernacular Movement, except for vernacular novels, all articles were written in classical Chinese, including strategies, poems, words, songs, stereotyped writing and parallel prose.
References:
Sogou encyclopedia-classical Chinese
2. Are ancient poems classical Chinese? The differences between "ancient poetry" and "classical Chinese" are as follows:
Ancient poetry is a model of classical Chinese, with diverse themes.
For example: Poetry and Qufu, ancient poetry is a genre of classical Chinese.
"Classical Chinese" is relative to "vernacular Chinese"
What is "classical Chinese"?
"Wen" refers to a written article.
"Speech" means writing, expressing and recording.
"Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "spoken language", which is also called "vernacular".
The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , which means genre.
"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language". And "vernacular" means: "articles written in plain spoken language".
In ancient China, it was different to express the same thing in spoken and written language. For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, you can express it in spoken English as "Have you eaten?" And using books and language to express it is "rice?" . "Fanbu" is classical Chinese. In ancient China, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese"
3. How to recite ancient poetry and classical Chinese can we recite it firmly. Read it through first.
Then understand the meaning of ancient Chinese, there is no hurry at this stage, you can take your time,
After fully understanding, you will master the context of the article and then recite it according to the meaning. You can recite it sentence by sentence, but it is best to recite it in groups. This process should be repeated, that is, don't give you the memories of the present.
Finally, recall, read through, focus on breaking, and recite coherently.
It's done.
Additional: The best effect is over-learning 150% according to the law of memory. When people have the best memory, everyone's situation is different and there are some differences. To find out your best study time, people's brain has certain activities in a day: generally speaking, at 8 am, the brain has rigorous and meticulous thinking ability; Thinking ability is the most agile at 3 pm; Memory is strongest at 8 pm.
4. What are the short and pithy ancient poems?
1\ Chen
Yu Shinan
Cicada droops like a tassel on a hat, its tentacles suck the clear dew, and its voice spreads from the branches of the straight Shulang tree.
Cicada is far away from cicada because cicada is on a tall tree, not relying on autumn wind.
2\ Crossing the Han River
Song Wenzhi
The south, who was exiled to Lingnan, cut off contact with relatives, survived the winter and experienced a new year.
The closer I get to my hometown, the more timid I am, afraid to inquire about people from home.
3\ Youzhou Tower
Chen Ziang
No one can see the ancient wisdom of the ancient king, only those wise men who can't see the afterlife can see it.
I think of heaven and earth, there is no limit, there is no end, I am alone, tears fell down!
4\ Houshu Road
Zhang said
Guests compete for the sun and the moon, looking far away.
Autumn wind treats no one, go to Luoyang city first.
China's classical prose
( 1)
Liu Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu
【 Southern Dynasties. Song dynasty]
curl up
Virtue first
1 Chen Zhongju speaks as a scholar, pretends to be a model of the world, takes the lead on the bus and has the ambition to clarify the world. For satrap, to, then ask xu.
Where is the obedient son? I want to see it first. Lord Bai Bo: "A group of womanizers entered the temple first. Chen Yue: "The style of the King of Wu is full of seats. "
Warm. My manners, why not! 」
Zhou Ziju once said, "If I don't see Huangshu, my stingy heart will be revived. 」
3 Guo went to Runan, making Yuan, the car kept on track and the yoke was endless; Uncle Huang's degree is Mi Ri's letter. People asked him.
Therefore, Zong Lin said, "Uncle Wang is as vicious as a million hectares. Unclear and turbid, deep and wide, unpredictable. 」
(2) Li Daoyuan
the Three Gorges
The Three Gorges, 700 Li, is surrounded by mountains on both sides, and there is no gap. Rock layers cover the sky and the sun, and there is no sunrise at midnight.
As for launching Xiangling, it is along the back block. Or the king ordered an emergency notice, sometimes going to Baidicheng and going to Jiangling at dusk. During this period, he traveled 200 miles, although he was not ill.
In spring and summer, the green pool is surging and the reflection is clear. There are many strange cypresses, hanging springs and waterfalls flying in them. Rong Qing Junmao, it's fun.
At the beginning of every sunny day, the frost shines, the forest is cold and sad, and there are often high apes whistling, which leads to sadness, the empty valley echoes, and the sadness turns to leisurely. So the fisherman sang: "The Wuxia Gorge of the Three Gorges in Badong is long, and the apes cry three times!"
5. Ancient poetry, ancient poetry, Chai Lu, Wang Wei, there seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I heard a voice.
The shadow of the sunset shone into the depths of the forest, and the scenery on the moss was pleasant. Wang Wei in Zhuliguan leans alone in the dense bamboo, and I am playing the pipa and humming a song.
It's too light for anyone to hear, except my partner, Mingyue. Farewell, Wang Wei, my friend, I have been watching you go down the mountain. Until now, I have closed my thatched door in the dark.
Spring grass will grow green next year, my friend, will you come back? Wang Wei of Acacia When those red berries come in spring, they flush on your southern branches? People who want to miss them collect more, and Mix red beans have attracted people's attention. Wang Wei's poem, you come from my old country, tell me what happened there! .
Did the plum blossom when you came to the engraved window of my house? Send Cui Jiu to Pei Di, although you want to go back to this labyrinthine mountain, oh, let them fill your heart and wonder! . Instead of learning from Wu Lingren described by Tao Yuanming, he stayed in the Peach Blossom Garden for a few days and then hurried out of the mountain.
Zuyong, look at the snow in the south, and see how the Zhongnan Mountain soars, with white tops over clouds. After the snow in Chu Qing, the afterglow of the sun shone from the forest. It was late, and Chang 'an was even more chilly.
Sleeping at Jiande River Meng Haoran When my boat was sailing in the fog, the days were getting shorter and the memories of the old days began. The vastness of the wilderness is deeper than trees, and the moon is very close to the moon.
Xiao Chunmeng Haoran This morning in spring, I woke up carefree and there were birds singing everywhere. But now I remember that night, that storm, I wonder how many flowers were broken? Thinking that the foot of Li Bai's bed is so bright at night, will it have frost? .
I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic. Hate Li Bai, how beautiful she is, how quietly she leans against the pearl-like window sash, and how annoyed her brow is! .
You can see the bright tears on her cheeks now, but you can't see the man she loves so much? Du Fu, divided in the Three Kingdoms, has always been bound by his greatness, and the Eight Faces Castle is built on his prestige. This river won't divert the stones from your disposal, and you will always regret that you will destroy Wu's unwise.
Wang Zhihuan heron lodge, the mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river. By going up one flight of stairs, look further.
Send Che Ling to Liu Changqing. From the temple, deep in its tender bamboo, there comes the deep sound of the evening bell. The sunset with a hat gradually returned to Qingshan.
Liu Changqing, your seven strings are like the sound of playing the piano in the pines and the cold wind. Although I like this ancient song very much, most people don't play it today.
Can a floating stork be a tenant in our world if it is sent to Liu Changqing? ! Please don't buy a famous mountain, it's a world-famous place. Autumn Night Message Autumn, Wei, I am walking on a cool autumn night, thinking of you and singing my poems.
I heard the pine cone fall on the mountain, and you seemed to wake up. Listen to Zheng and Li Duan, her snow-white jade hands, shining under the snow window and on the golden harp.
Trying to please Zhou Lang as much as possible, you see she deliberately dialed the wrong string. On the third day, the bride Wang Jian cooked instead of me and washed her hands to make bride soup.
I don't know the taste of mother-in-law. Let's make the taste of good sister-in-law first. Yutai untied my wallet last night, Quan Deyu, and now [Insect Joy] is going to fly.
This is my pigment, this is my powder, welcome to put on my shackles again. Jiang Xue LiuZongYuan hundred mountains without birds, thousands of paths without footprints.
A boat on the river, a fisherman wearing his webworm moth; Fishing alone is not afraid of snow and ice. Palace Yuan Zhen is in the faded old palace. Peony is red, but no one comes to see them.
Several white-haired footmen were sitting around talking about the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. A suggestion to my friend Bai Liu Juyi: There is a ray of green in the old bottle and a trace of red in the static furnace.
With dusk and snow coming, how about a glass of wine? Zhang Hu, He Manzi is 1000 miles away from her home. A maid-in-waiting has lived here for twenty years. However, ask her for this song and use the first few words of this song to see how she tries to hold back her tears.
Li Shangyin, the tomb of Leyou, had the shadow of twilight in his heart, and I drove forward in the tomb of Leyou. Sunset, infinitely beautiful, only near dusk.
Jia Dao, when I asked your student under a pine tree, he left a note: "My teacher went to collect medicine". However, through these clouds, how can I know which corner of the mountain it is facing? .
Crossing the Hanshui River, Li Pin, far away from home, I am eager for news, winter goes to spring, spring goes to spring. The closer I get to my hometown, the more timid I am, afraid to inquire about people from home.
Jin Changxu, get rid of the orioles and get rid of all their music from the trees. They woke her up when she dreamed that she went to meet him in Liaoxi camp.
Goshugosi, I am the constellation with seven high stars. It is Shu Ge who raises his sword at night. Today, the Tubo people who breed horses only dare to look into the distance; They dare not go south and cross Lintao County.
(a) ancient prose (10) "Xunzi? Persuade to learn (excerpt): A gentleman says: Learning is not enough. Green is taken from blue, and green is blue; Ice, water, but colder than water.
Wood is straight in the rope, not a wheel, and its curve is in the gauge. Although there is a crisis, those who stop coming forward will make it happen.
Therefore, the wood is straight by the rope, the gold is sharp, the gentleman is knowledgeable, and he saves himself every day, so he knows clearly without fault. Think all day long, it is better to learn it in a moment; I've tasted it and I'm looking forward to it. Let's go hiking.
Climb a trick, the arm does not lengthen, but the person you see is far away; Call with the wind, the sound does not add disease, the listener shows. Those who cheat horses are not good enough, but cause thousands of miles; A man who pretends to be a boat can't swim, but he can't swim.
The life of a gentleman is the same, and the goodness lies in personal leave. Accumulated soil becomes mountains, and the wind and rain are prosperous; The water drops merged into the ocean and the dragon was born; Accumulate goodness into virtue, the gods are complacent, and the sacred heart is prepared.
Therefore, you can't take Wan Li Road without accumulating steps; If you don't accumulate small streams, you won't be a river. Leap, not ten steps; This is a great contribution to the success of Ma Xu.
Perseverance, rotten wood can't be carved; Perseverance, the stone can be carved. Earthworms do not have the advantages of minions, and their bones and muscles are strong. They eat the earth and drink the yellow land with their hearts.
The crab kneels six times and pinches twice. It's not that the snake hole has no sustenance, it's also impetuous. Warring States policy? Zou Ji satirized Chabr, King of Qi: Zou Ji was more than eight feet long, but his appearance was beautiful.
Get up in the morning, dress up, look in the mirror and say to his wife, "I am better than Xu Gong in the north of the city. Who is more beautiful? " ? "His wife said," you are very beautiful. How does Gong compare with you? "Xugong in the north of the city is the most beautiful man in Qi. Zou Ji didn't believe in himself, so he asked his concubine, "Who is more beautiful than Xugong? " ? " My concubine said: How can Gong be as good as you? On Sunday, a guest came from outside to chat with him and asked him, "Which is more beautiful, Xugong or me?" The guest said, "Xugong is not as beautiful as you." . "
Xu Gong will come tomorrow, who will see it and feel inferior; Look at yourself in the mirror, as far as the horizon. Thinking about it at dusk, I said, "My wife is beautiful and I am private; The beauty of my concubine is afraid of me; The beauty of the guest is me, I want my things. "
So he went to the court to see Wang Wei and said, "I sincerely know that Xu Hongmei is not as good as Xu Hongmei. My wife is a private minister, my concubine is afraid of me, and everything my guests want is more beautiful than Xu Gong.
Today, the land is thousands of miles away and there are 120 cities. The ladies-in-waiting revolve around the king, and the courtiers are not afraid of the king. They all want the king within the four borders. From this perspective, the cover of the king is very embarrassing! "The king said," good. "
He ordered: "those officials who can stab me in the face should be rewarded;" There will be a reward for those who write and exhort me; Those who can slander the city will be rewarded if they listen to me. " At the beginning of the stage, the ministers remonstrated and the door was crowded; After a few months, from time to time; Years later, although I wanted to talk, I couldn't get in.
Yan, Zhao, Han and Wei are all Qi people. This is the imperial court, and there is no need to use war to defeat the enemy.
Sima Qian's Historical Records? Biography of Qu Yuan (Excerpt): Qu Ping, the sick king, was clever and didn't listen, but flattered him and covered up the Ming Dynasty. Fang Zhengzhi couldn't tolerate evil songs, so he wrote Li Sao with sadness and meditation. -"Li Sao" is still worried.
The husband of heaven, beginning of life; Parents are the foundation of people. Poor people are anti-rooted.
Therefore, I am extremely tired, extremely tired, and I am not afraid to fight for the land; The illness was terrible, so I did not hesitate to call my parents. Qu Ping went straight on the right path, exhausted loyalty and wisdom to serve the monarch, and was poor in the world! Believe and see doubt, be loyal and slander, can you have no complaints? Qu Ping's work Li Sao is self-reproach.
Said Di Ku, the next JiHuan, Tang Wu, in order to stab the world. The morality of the Ming Dynasty is broad and respected, and it is consistent to control chaos.
His words are implicit, clean-minded, mean-spirited, small in words and big in meaning, with far-reaching examples. Its ambition is pure, so it is called fragrant; It is cheap, so it is not allowed to die.
Sludge with automatic drainage.
6. There is classical Chinese about time. Are there any words for time in classical Chinese?
Year: year. "The Snake Catcher said": "Gai Yi's criminals are all dead."
Duration: one year. Zou Ji satirized Chabr, the king of Qi: "After the New Year, although I want to speak, no one can enter."
Accumulated years: several years. Zhang Hengchuan: "The official who lives in the house will not move for several years."
I: Once upon a time. "The Snake Catcher said," There is no room for those who live with my ancestors. "
Item: Before. The snake catcher said, "Don't obey me."
A long time: a long time. Wolf: "For a long time, my eyes seem to fade, and I am very idle."
A long time: a long time. Pipa trip: ... moved by my words, she stood there for a while.
Future: the future. Huang sheng borrows books: "I'll watch the clouds another day."
Danny: Every day. The Snake Catcher said, "What if there are neighbors in my hometown?"
Dan Ri: The next day. "Chen She Family": "Every day, I often talk about stroke, which refers to Chen Sheng."
Day: Day after day. The Snake Catcher said: "And the neighbors frown on their birthdays."
Wing said: Tomorrow. "Promoting Weaving": "Wings are advancing day by day. When the slaughter sees its smallness, he is angry. "
The next day: the next day. "Preface to the South": "The next day, I will take a bachelor's degree in the Senior Minister's Hall."
Dan: In the morning. Shu Shilan: "Say goodbye to your parents and go to the Yellow River at dusk."
Ming: It's just dawn. "preface to the south": "the quality is clear, and the whistle is in the bamboo forest."
Pavilion noon: noon. "Antique": "The cart flies dust, and the pavilion is dark at noon."
Night: Night. Yu Lin Ling: "Where to wake up tonight?"
It's getting dark In my dream, I climbed Mount Tianmu: "Flowers seduce me, and rocks soothe me. The day suddenly ended. "
Today: the same day. "The Hongmen Banquet": "On this day, I will stay in the public house to drink."
Midnight: Midnight. "Biography of Zu Ti": "Smell chickens crow in the middle of the night."
Outdated: Out of date. On storage: "When there is no rain, people are in chaos."
Nothing: not long. "promoting weaving": "nothing, killing extraordinary." '
Second: Since then. South of Shu Road: "forty-eight thousand years had passed."
Taste: once. "Persuade": "I've been thinking about it all day."
Sue: forever, forever. Chen She's family: "Wu Guangsu loves her."
It's already started. Cao Gui Debate: "If you are guilty, ask the public why."
Hope: Lunar 16th. Watching the Tide: "It's the most prosperous I've been looking forward to since the 18th."
H: Just now. Peacock flies southeast: "the book of right politics."
A few: almost. On accumulation: "Han has been Han for decades."
Chu: At first. Battle of Red Cliffs: "The first day of the war."
Not long: not long. Stomatology: "After a while, my husband and pony began to speak."
Search: Soon. Peach Blossom Garden: "If you fail, you will find the disease."
Already: soon. Zuiwengting: "It's dusk in the mountains. The characters are scattered and the guests are obedient. "
Abrupt: Right away, right away. Cha Jin: "Qi Qi's boat."
Instant: In the blink of an eye. "Trap": "In an instant."
Instant: for a while. Wolf: "Two people died in an instant."
Later: for a while. Stomatology: After a while, I smelled the barrier and touched my ruler.
Food: a meal. "promoting weaving": "while eating, the curtain moved ... a piece of paper fell."
Pawn: suddenly ",suddenly. "Battle of Red Cliffs": "50,000 soldiers are hard to match. "
Shure: Suddenly. Meet the Fairy in the Garden: "Why did Shu Er change at noon again?"
Qiu: Time. Model: "This is a crucial autumn."
New moon: the first day of each month in the lunar calendar. Happy Travel: "I don't know what to expect."
Hope: the fifteenth day of each month in the lunar calendar. "Tomb Inscription of Five People": To capture the Duke of Zhou and look forward to Ding Mao's March. "
Hui: The last day of each month in the lunar calendar. Climbing Mount Tai: Wu Shenhui, five drums, sitting in the pavilion with Ziying. "
Now: Now. "Qi Huan Jinwen Poetry": "Some people say this today, but it is enough to cite thousands."
Night: Late at night. Heavy Rain on November 4th: Lying in the middle of the night listening to the wind and rain. "
Dusk: In the evening. Yueyang Tower: "Twilight is invisible."