Speaking directly, also known as direct lyric, is a lyric way for the author to directly express his love and hate attitude towards related people and events, without any "attachments". For example, at the end of "The Hut is Blown by Autumn Wind", "Alas, I just froze to death when I suddenly saw this house in front of me" directly expressed the poet's willingness to sacrifice his noble integrity for the happiness of the poor people in the world.
Implicit euphemism is a lyric way expressed indirectly by means of beautiful melody, symbol, metaphor, argot and allusion, rather than directly saying what you mean. Ancient poems often put the feelings to be expressed and the ideas to be expressed in the scenery or life scenes described. For example, at the end of The Yellow Crane Tower Farewell Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou, "The lonely sail is far away, the blue sky is full, and the Yangtze River flows only", which reflects the feeling of parting in the scenery of sailing, blue sky and flowing water of the Yangtze River.
2. Scenery and emotion
Scenery refers to scenery, and emotion refers to people's feelings. Appear in poetry, there are various situations, the most common is that the scene comes first, and the emotion comes from the scene, that is, touching the scene gives birth to emotion. Such as Du Fu's One Night in a Foreign Country and Ma Zhiyuan's Tianjingsha Qiu Si. Many lyric words seem to have become a routine, such as Mao Zedong's "Qinyuanchun Snow" and "Qinyuanchun Changsha". There are also some poems based on feelings before the scene. There are also some poems that seem to describe the scenery completely, but in fact, the scenery contains the poet's feelings. "All scenery words are sentimental words" ["Words on Earth" (Wang Guowei)]. These are all emotions in the landscape. In general, what kind of scenery gives birth to what kind of feelings, such as happy scenery and sad scenery. But sometimes, touching the scene is the opposite of the objective scene. This situation is called vision. In ancient poetry, it is common to write mourning scenes, but it is rare to write mourning scenes. For example, in Du Fu's quatrains, "The birds in the river are too white, and the blue flowers in the mountains burn. See you again this spring, when is the year of returning home? " . In ancient poetry, there are also famous sentences that describe sadness with music scenes, such as "When is the spring flowers and the autumn moon?" How much do people know about the past? ""Flowers, as high as my window, hurt a homeless man's heart, because I see from this height that sadness is everywhere. ""Petals fall like tears, lonely birds sing their sadness. ""What are the days when there are beautiful days? Who will be happy? " .
3. Fu, Bi and Xing
Fu, Bi and Xing are three ways of expressing poetry. Fu is a direct line; This is a metaphor. Xing is to say something else first to arouse the words to be sung, which is used at the beginning of a poem or a chapter. Fu, Bi and Xing have their own characteristics and complement each other. To tell the truth, it is better to express your mind directly than to give it. It is better to turn abstraction into image than prosperity.
Shi Jianwu's "Ci of Night Flute" said: "The moon is not tilted to the west building, but the sound of the flute shines into the master. However, the woman who cut clothes under the lamp mistakenly cut half of the flowers, and her heart is in harmony. " It was written in the form of fu, saying that the woman who heard the flute was homesick and mistakenly cut the same heart and made a new face. There are also touching sentences in ancient poems, such as "I miss my family twice during the festive season", implicit sentences such as "I sail far and the blue sky is exhausted" and "I want to make great achievements and my bones are withered", all of which are written in the form of fu.
Metaphor is widely used in poetry. Using metaphor, we can turn plain into vivid, abstruse into simple, abstract into concrete, lengthy into concise, unfamiliar into familiar; It has the function of creating beautiful artistic conception and producing charming artistic charm. For example, Bai Juyi's Pipa Journey and Li He's Li Ping's Poems both vividly depict intangible music with metaphors, as if it were in front of us.
Xing is to take other things as the starting point of poetry and arouse the content to be praised. Xing has a certain connection with the content of poetry. For example, in the first four sentences of the third chapter of "Self-protection", "Mulberries have not fallen, but their leaves can be fat. At the beginning of the fourth chapter, there are two sentences: "Mulberry has fallen, but it is yellow and has fallen." The former implies both the beauty of the heroine and the infatuation of the heroine; The mulberry leaves behind changed from light green to yellow, which not only suggested that the heroine was no longer young, but also suggested that "a scholar should do his best and be virtuous." "Xing often has the function of controlling the following and summarizing the outline.
It should be noted that bi and xing are often used together. The use of metaphor can enhance the vividness and distinctiveness of poetry, and increase its charm and image appeal.
2. About the writing skills and gist of ancient poetry and how to express the author's emotional solution 1. Appreciate the key words in the poem.
Solution analysis: the ancients paid attention to refining words in poetry, which is to ask for the beauty of these refining words. When answering questions, we should not talk about this word in isolation, but put it in a sentence and analyze it with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem.
Answer steps: (1) Explain the meaning of words in sentences.
(2) Expand the association, put the words into the original sentence and describe the scene.
Second, appreciate the important sentences in the poem.
Propositional variation: This poem is the most expressive. Try to analyze it briefly.
Solution analysis: first explain the literal meaning of this poem, and then analyze it in detail by deducing language characteristics or thoughts and feelings.
Third, appreciate the writing skills of poetry.
Proposition variant: Please analyze the expressive technique (or artistic technique, or technique) of this poem.
Solution analysis: Expression technique is a method used by poets to express their feelings. To answer questions accurately, you must be familiar with some common expression skills.
Means of expression can be divided into three categories: rhetoric (metaphor, exaggeration, personification, synaesthesia, etc. ), expression (lyric, discussion, description, etc. ), as well as artistic skills (expressing meaning with things, blending scenes, combining static and dynamic, etc. ).
Answer steps: (1) Point out exactly what technique was used.
Fourth, appreciate the artistic conception of poetry.
(2) Summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery. Generally, two disyllabic words can be used, such as lonely and cold, quiet and beautiful, vigorous and magnificent, bleak and desolate, etc. , and should pay attention to accurately reflect the characteristics and emotional appeal of the scenery.
(3) Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings. Don't be empty, but give specific answers.
Fifth, appreciate the thoughts and feelings of poetry.
Solution analysis: this question type should taste the emotion expressed by the whole poem or the meaning of a poem (special meaning, deep meaning, such as contextual meaning and artistic conception meaning).
Words that can be used to answer questions generally include: unfulfilled ambition, no way to serve the country, always in my heart, homesickness, loyalty to the monarch and patriotism.
Answer steps: (1) Accurately point out your thoughts and feelings in one or two words.
(2) Analyze the author's feelings with the relevant sentences in the poem.
Sixth, appreciate the linguistic features of poetry.
Question variant: Please analyze the language style (language art) of this poem.
Solution analysis: this kind of question type does not need to ponder the clever use of a single word, but to taste the language style or the meaning of a poem (special meaning, deep meaning, such as contextual meaning and artistic conception meaning).
Words that can be used to answer questions generally include: fresh and natural, unpretentious, gloomy and frustrated, gorgeous, easy to understand, colloquial, euphemistic and implicit, uninhibited, graceful and restrained in style, concise and vivid ... Answer steps: (1) Accurately point out the language features with one or two words.
(2) Analyze this feature with relevant sentences in the poem.
Or (1) combine the whole poem to analyze the expressive skills and expressive effects of a poem.
In short, if you can be familiar with these propositional methods, understand various answering skills, read the meaning of the questions carefully, buckle the original poems according to the requirements of the test questions, and grasp the main points to organize the language, you can greatly avoid losing points.
3. The skills of poetry creation. The skill of poetry can't be finished in a few words. The farther you go on the road of poetry creation, the more you will find it difficult to break through. Once you feel that you have made progress, you feel that you are still standing still.
As far as your question is concerned, I will briefly say:
Picture:
The image in poetry is the fusion of meaning and image, and it is the embodiment of the author's subjective meaning and objective image. A poem is rarely a single image, but a combination of a series of images, and its multiple combinations are like montages in movies. The so-called montage refers to "putting a series of pictures together to form an abstract concept that can't be seen on any picture." The superposition of images in poetry is the most common way of image combination. It is the projection of one image on another, or the infiltration and fusion of multiple images. As a foreign poetry theorist said, "two visual images form a visual chord, and their combination implies a brand-new image."
Branch of poetry, sentence arrangement:
The arrangement of poems has played a great role: new poems have no fixed musical rules for ancient poems, and western branches are introduced to strengthen the sense of rhythm and melody to achieve musical effects.
1 Branches are long, dense and uneven according to poetry. Poetry lines follow the inherent law of poetry-emotional rhythm, and its form is a structural form that intuitively shows inner feelings. Whitman expressed his bold, free and romantic feelings at the time of the founding of the People's Republic of China. His poems are very long, just like the vastness of the New World. Mayakovski showed the drastic changes of the October Revolution, and his lines were stepped and undulating.
2. The use of ellipsis and skipping in poetic lines is arbitrary and produces new structural meanings. The juxtaposition of the upper and lower lines produces a new idea: "Zhumen wine stinks, and the road has frozen bones."
Branch 3 converts visual intervals into auditory intervals to express rhythm. This is the effect of reading. Reading together can't reflect the rhythm.
Four branches attract aesthetic attention and make people appreciate it with poetic psychology.
But there are also requirements:
1 Pay attention to the organic combination of lines. The key is to cross lines-one sentence accounts for more than two lines. This is to make people stop and concentrate on appreciating the next line-emphasizing the most valuable and brilliant language.
2 branches are developing and changing, and should be original. Such as traditional emotional mode, into pictographic mode and cognitive mode.
Branch 3 pays more attention to the visual effect of poetry, from "auditory art" to "visual art" This is because the inherent complexity and multilayer of new poetry are difficult to express directly through recitation, and only the arrangement of words can maintain poetry. Kale (America) believes that whether a passage is a poem or not does not necessarily depend on the language itself, but on the arrangement of the words, that is, the visual form.
Pay attention to the defamiliarization and restoration of life in poetry;
Although poetry is a language art, it is different from everyday language. Everyday language is a practical language. It is used all the time, so it has the nature of automation. Its ubiquity dulls people's feelings, and our feelings are often paralyzed. The language of poetry is different. In order to give readers a fresh feeling, it often appears in an abnormal way, that is, the familiar and practical language is shielded, deformed and distorted, which makes the original familiar unfamiliar and needs to be re-examined. It is the "defamiliarization" advocated by Russian literary theorist Kraffszky, which can also be called "metamorphosis". He said, "The purpose of art is to make people feel things, not known things. Artistic skill is to make objects strange, make deformation difficult, and increase the difficulty of feeling and the length of time, because the feeling process is an aesthetic purpose and must be extended. "
It is the first sentence, the skill of poetry, which can't be finished in a few words. Learning poetry also requires great patience and perseverance. If you are interested in poetry and want to know more, there are detailed materials. Including:
The proportion of poetry and the superposition of images, the rules in poetry, the expression of poetry and the form of poetry, the sense of form and the pursuit of meaning, meaning and meaning in formalism songs. The sound and meaning in poetry correspond to the bridge between music and poetry. Defamiliarization and reduction of the paradox of life poetry: synaesthesia, absurdity and black humor ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ``.
They are all rather lengthy, but if you have the patience to read all these materials, I believe it will be of great help to your poetry creation! ! !
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4. I won't talk about the absolutely practical skills in poetry creation.
Let me make a suggestion first. I let you understand the whole story in the simplest words.
Actually, your request is very good. You can start with the simplest prose poem, and you won't feel very troublesome.
I am also a half writer. Let me tell you something.
Writing for the sake of skill will only make your feelings dry and empty. Skill is not the only thing. As long as you can write down your true feelings, I think you will be gratified and moved by your feelings. Instead of laughing because I can use these skills, and I use them successfully. Then if your opinion is the latter, with all due respect, I will laugh. Don't ignore the content for the sake of form. Common sense theory of philosophy in senior three: content and form should be unified. I think you know this. That is to say, we should pursue formal perfection and technical rendering under the condition that the content is fully true. Look at Xi Murong's poem "A Flowering Tree", which is simple and clear, but can the emotion it contains be covered up by form? I won't.
Original poem
How about, let you meet me?
At this most beautiful moment.
For this-I have been begging in front of the Buddha for 500 years.
Praying for Buddha made us have a dusty relationship.
So the Buddha turned me into a tree,
Grow up in the way you must go.
In the sun, the flowers bloom carefully,
Blossoming is the hope of my previous life!
Please listen carefully when you come near.
Trembling leaves are my passion for waiting!
When you finally ignore it,
It fell behind you.
Friends! That's not a petal,
That's my withered heart.
In the current words, it is "saliva words", but because of the fullness of this content, this "saliva words" is so emotional. Therefore, form and skill are only auxiliary, and content is the touching highlight. Pay attention to the deduction and sentence refinement here, and you can't lose a word in it. I can't express that infatuated feeling. Carefully consider every famous book, and you will certainly gain something.
But it is impossible without form and skill. To write a good text, both content and form are important, and skill is also a part of it, which is indispensable. Practice some skills, and you can also write some clips for special training. This will not happen overnight. Don't be impatient, guard against arrogance and rashness. Take your time, haste makes waste.
There are many writing skills on the website. In fact, how many skills in his masterpieces are used by those literary masters and used well? You can go to the website to find some skills, and how to explain the layout and practice it slowly. But I recommend that you pay attention to the content first. Thank you for your little prose poem. Or a poem, just a few words. There are some poems in my blog, you can go and have a look. . cn/xuyanzx .
Not much to say, it is rare to have you so eager to learn. A 50-point reward is useless to me, but I can see your heart. Don't worry, take your time. If you don't understand anything, you can leave a message on my blog to ask questions. I will help you.
Let me revise my answer again:
Let me tell you how I got on this road.
I like writing and moving since I was a child, but it's all so simple. I didn't write a complete article until I went to high school. The composition has never exceeded 250 words, and it has always been a poetic style that is not allowed by the theme of the composition, so almost all junior high school compositions are below 20 points. In order to accomplish something smoothly, but relying on their own strength, barely pieced together, the written works only deserve to be thrown into the trash can as waste paper. I got below 20 points not because I didn't write well, but because I violated the composition rules. I don't like reciting ancient poems and famous sentences. Those classic things will naturally be engraved in my mind. I can't remember all the poems that I think are not classic enough, so that when I fill in the upper and lower sentences of ancient poetry, I often write my own composition on the spot, and then take the next sentence or the last one more neatly. I don't like reading articles either. I like to choose some short articles to read, to feel, to feel that kind of affectionate, surging and bloody pride. Send you a sentence "true water has no fragrance". You can go to Baidu Encyclopedia to see what it means. I recommend another book, The Awakening of Love by Krishnamurti. Maybe you can't understand this book, but I don't think it needs us to understand it, and no one can understand it at all. I hope you can feel everything he says. We are not doing academic research, although I am studying this book. Since I got this book on 200 1, I haven't finished learning this book for nine years now on 20 10. It is estimated that this study will be completed by the end of this year. Maybe you will think that this has nothing to do with writing. But I want to tell you that writing is not spelling words or reflecting your vocabulary and skills. But your comprehensive quality. This is a book about the philosophy of mind. Have a good experience and feeling. I believe you can do it.
We should improve our literary accomplishment and personal accomplishment. Even if you can't shine, you can improve your personal accomplishment. Personal cultivation is very important in this society. Maybe your handshake is wrong, which will ruin the natural business.
Anyway, I'll stop here, I hope you can understand. If you don't understand, you can leave a message on the blog to ask questions. I will answer seriously.