-Appreciation of Chongyang Poems in Tang Dynasty (Ⅱ)
Wang chuanxue
Seeing chrysanthemums and drinking chrysanthemum wine on the Double Ninth Festival are often elegant things in ancient poems.
Meng Haoran, an idyllic poet in the Tang Dynasty, took chrysanthemum appreciation on the Double Ninth Festival as his expectation in Passing the Old Village.
This old friend prepared a delicious meal and invited me to his hospitable farm.
Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city.
Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops.
Please come here to see chrysanthemums when the ninth festival comes.
This poem is about how the poet was invited to visit an old friend's house in the country. In the simple and natural pastoral scenery, the host and guest drank a toast at home, talking and laughing happily, expressing the sincere friendship between the poet and his friends. At first glance, this poem seems as plain as water. Deliberate, like an idyllic Chinese painting, perfectly blends scenery, events and feelings, and has a strong artistic appeal.
This is an idyllic poem, which describes the quiet and leisurely life scene of farmers and the friendship of old friends. By writing about the scenery of rural life, I wrote the author's yearning for this kind of life. The language of the whole poem is unpretentious, and the artistic conception is fresh and meaningful. The author wrote the process from visit to farewell in kind and clean language, such as home-style form. His rural scenery is fresh and quiet, his friendship with friends is sincere and profound, and his family life is simple and cordial.
The whole poem depicts the beautiful mountain village scenery and quiet rural life, with plain language, natural and smooth narration and no traces of rendering and carving. However, it has sincere feelings and mellow poetry, and has the aesthetic interest of "clear water produces hibiscus, which is naturally carved", so it has become a masterpiece in pastoral poetry since the Tang Dynasty.
"I'll come back when it's chrysanthemum time." Meng Haoran was deeply attracted by farm life, so when he left, he told his master frankly that he would come back to see chrysanthemums and drink chrysanthemum wine in the crisp Double Ninth Festival in autumn. A few simple poems, the enthusiasm of old friends to treat each other, the pleasure of being a guest, and the cordial harmony between the host and the guest are all on the paper. It also truly reflects the festival customs of enjoying chrysanthemums and drinking chrysanthemum wine on the Double Ninth Festival.
Re-look at Huang Furan s View of Appreciating Li on the Double Ninth Festival in the Tang Dynasty;
I didn't see wine delivered in white, but Huang Ju blossomed.
Looking anxiously at the evening pass, I went to find Tao Jialing step by step.
The meaning of this poem is: No friends came to deliver the wine, only Huang Ju opened it. I was so depressed that I saw that it was getting late and the beautiful scenery had passed, so I had to walk step by step to the home of Tao county magistrate.
According to Huang Ju's inference, Tao Linggen here should refer to Tao Yuanming. In the poem, Tao Yuanming refers to himself, lamenting that after he broke up with his friend Li Guan, no one sent him wine. On the Double Ninth Festival, he can't drink and enjoy chrysanthemums, so he has to let chrysanthemums bloom alone. The poet expressed his deep nostalgia for his friends through the allusion that the man in white sent wine to Tao Yuanming.
The story of literati related to the Double Ninth Festival is probably the most famous, and it is relished by people who send wine to Tao Yuanming in white.
Tao Yuanming, a great poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, loves chrysanthemums most, which is simply a "chrysanthemum fan". Chrysanthemum is a weather-resistant flower in autumn, symbolizing noble character. Tao Yuanming lived in troubled times in Jin and Song Dynasties. He was dissatisfied with the political struggle and corruption of officials at that time, and he also had noble character, which was in line with the spirit of chrysanthemum. He resigned from his official position and returned to his hometown of Chaisang (now Jiangxi) to live in seclusion. He planted many chrysanthemums beside the house and watched them day and night. His famous sentence "Picking chrysanthemums under the hedge, leisurely seeing Nanshan" has always been praised. Tao Yuanming likes drinking again, but because of his poor family, he often lacks alcohol. On the Double Ninth Festival that year, Tao Yuanming was enjoying chrysanthemums by the hedge, but there was no wine to drink. He can't get drunk and spoil the fun! He had to pick a handful of chrysanthemums in his hand, smell them and chew them. The ancients believed that chrysanthemum had the effect of prolonging life, so it was not only used for brewing wine, but also edible. Qu Yuan's Li Sao is an example of the so-called "autumn chrysanthemum falls in England". However, chrysanthemum can't replace wine after all. Tao Yuanming was bored when suddenly a man in white came from a distance. The man was originally sent by Jiangzhou secretariat Wang Hong to deliver wine to Tao Yuanming. Tao Yuanming was overjoyed. He immediately opened the jar and got drunk in front of chrysanthemum.
The Great Poet Li Bai's The Event of September 10th expresses his inner anguish by picking chrysanthemums twice;
I just boarded the Longshan banquet yesterday and raised my glass here today.
Chrysanthemum is too bitter, and it is the Double Ninth Festival.
This poem was written by Li Bai when he was climbing a mountain in Dangtu (now Dangtu, Anhui) the day after the Autumn Double Ninth Festival in the first year of Baoying in Tang Daizong (AD 762). The poet visited Longshan once the day before and wrote a poem "Drinking for Nine Days in Longshan", which belongs to the second mountaineering banquet. Therefore, the poet lamented that chrysanthemums were picked for two days in a row, and his two trips to Chang 'an made him feel deeply.
In the Tang and Song Dynasties, September 10th was called "Little Double Ninth Festival". From this point of view, the poet said that the chrysanthemum was picked twice at a climbing banquet in two days, so he complained that it was "too bitter". The poet used wine to drown his sorrows, and in the dim light, he seemed to see chrysanthemum laughing at his court's "courtship". He asked painfully: Why did chrysanthemums suffer heavy losses in the Double Ninth Festival? For those who appreciate chrysanthemums, the joy of the Double Ninth Festival is still endless, so the feast will continue on September 10; However, chrysanthemum, as an individual of life, has to endure picking twice. With an extremely sensitive and delicate heart, the poet found this poetic space from the standpoint of chrysanthemum. In fact, the poet used the pain of chrysanthemum to pin his inner anguish. By sighing chrysanthemum, I feel the frustrations and misfortunes of being left Beijing and exiled Yelang, which is difficult to solve. Although this poem is plain, it has a deep connotation. It mainly shows the poet's sadness caused by repeated setbacks and blows in his life.
Cen Can, a frontier poet in Tang Dynasty, was on his way to March, which coincided with the Double Ninth Festival. He evoked deep homesickness and wrote the poem "Thinking of Chang 'an Hometown on March 9th":
On the ninth festival of the ninth day of September, I reluctantly climbed to the heights to look out, but no one could deliver wine in the marching war.
I look at my hometown Chang 'an with a heavy heart. The chrysanthemums around this battlefield are scattered.
The ancients had the custom of drinking chrysanthemum wine on the Double Ninth Festival on September 9, and Meng Haoran had a poem "Wait until the Mountain Festival and come back with chrysanthemums" ("Passing the Old People's Village"), which shows his love for farm life. Cen Can encountered an Anshi Rebellion during his March. Although he reluctantly wanted to climb up and drink according to the custom, there was not a flood who sent wine to Tao Yuanming during the war, which aroused the poet's deep homesickness.
Poets write homesickness, not in general terms, but with special emphasis on the thoughts and pity of chrysanthemum in Chang 'an's hometown. In this way, not only the individual represents the general, but also the "hometown chrysanthemum" represents the whole hometown of Chang' an, vivid and concrete; Moreover, this is a natural development from the narrative of climbing to drink, and it is an association drawn from the allusion of Tao Yuanming sitting in the chrysanthemum bush because of lack of alcohol, which has the holiday characteristics of the Double Ninth Festival. Sticking the title of "Nine Days" and pointing out "Chang 'an Hometown" can be said to be timely and closely related to poetry. The poem seems relatively dull when written here, but it is written in this way to force out the key last sentence, "The battlefield should be opened next to it." This sentence is a kind of fiction. Originally, I had various imaginations about chrysanthemums in my hometown. The poet wrote nothing else, but imagined that it should be "open next to the battlefield." This kind of imagination puts the word "March" in the poem, combining the characteristics of the An-Shi Rebellion and the era when Chang 'an was trapped, and writes it in a new, natural and true image. It makes readers seem to see a vivid picture of war: Chang 'an is full of wars, blood-stained streets, and clusters of chrysanthemums are still blooming alone among the ruins. The imaginative words here broke through the simple feeling of cherishing flowers and homesickness, and pinned the poet's sympathy for the people suffering from war and his desire to pacify the Anshi rebellion as soon as possible.
A White Chrysanthemum on the Double Ninth Festival written by Bai Juyi, a great poet, has a unique interest:
A yard full of golden chrysanthemums with a bunch of flowers in the middle, the flowers are so lonely.
Just like today's feast, the old man went to the place where the young man went.
This "Double Ninth Festival White Chrysanthemum" is novel and unique, with rich words. In the first and second sentences of this poem, the poet saw a white chrysanthemum in the middle of Jin Ju in the garden and felt infinite joy; The third and fourth sentences use metaphor and personification to compare the white chrysanthemum to an old man who participated in a "song and dance mat" and sang and danced with teenagers. The whole poem expresses the poet's interest in his youth, even though he is old. Expressed the sigh of old age and strong heart.
Miracle, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote his love for chrysanthemums:
There is no beauty, no demon and no fragrance, and many kinds are not for Chongyang.
Don't be too tired. Look at each other after waking up, but it's really yellow.
The meaning of this poem is: chrysanthemums are not enchanting, but they have a unique fragrance. Planting chrysanthemums in large quantities is not just to wait until the Double Ninth Festival to appreciate them. I woke up and saw her, but I really liked her yellowish color. Write the poet's sincere love for chrysanthemums.
Finally, look at the "Chrysanthemum" by Zheng Gu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty:
Childe's son should not treat chrysanthemum seedlings as ordinary weeds. On the Double Ninth Festival, chrysanthemums are in the sideburns, and compete for each other.
Dew sunshine makes the chrysanthemum more Feng Run, and its fragrance fills the pool shore, so it never envies the tile pine that is parasitic not very high.
The title of the poem is "Chrysanthemum". There is no need to use a chrysanthemum word throughout, and every sentence is written in chrysanthemum.
"Wang Sun is not in the same breath as Artemisia". Artemisia is a kind of wild grass, which grows very tall. From the appearance, it is not much different from chrysanthemum seedlings. It is easy for pampered children and grandchildren to regard chrysanthemum seedlings as Artemisia. The poet spoke frankly and bluntly rebuked Wang Sun's son for "no distinction between chrysanthemum and grass". In fact, this is to despise their ignorance of talents. The next sentence can better see the author's intention.
The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is an important Double Ninth Festival in ancient China. On this day, our ancestors climbed mountains, enjoyed chrysanthemums, drank wine, wore dogwood bags and put chrysanthemums on their temples. When chrysanthemum seedlings arrive at the Double Ninth Festival, they will produce beautiful flowers, which is essentially different from chrysanthemum. You see, chrysanthemums are inserted between everyone's temples. Excuse me: Do you have Artemisia ordosica randomly? What a proud chrysanthemum I am, people finally realize its value.
Three or four sentences are the focus of the whole poem, which embodies the noble temperament and noble character of chrysanthemum. "Dewdrops and autumn fragrance fill the pool shore", which only takes seven words to describe the scene of autumn morning: the sun rises, chrysanthemums are exposed in the bushes, full of dew, moist, crystal clear, bright and lovely; The fragrance wafts all over the pool shore, which makes people feel relaxed and happy. The unique charm of chrysanthemum is vividly on the paper. The word "wet" here is very particular, which makes people want to see the petals covered with dew, especially moist and bright. The image of the word "person" is just right, which shows how refreshing the fragrance is. From this, we not only saw the unique image of chrysanthemum, but also felt the charm of chrysanthemum intertwined with that specific environment and atmosphere.
After describing the temperament of chrysanthemum, the poet naturally summed up the theme of chanting chrysanthemum as: "the origin does not envy tile pine." Vasong is a kind of plant parasitic on the eaves of high-rise buildings and has no use. The poet compared the chrysanthemum on the pond bank to a high-rise tile pine, which means that although the chrysanthemum grows in a low-lying swamp, it is noble and quiet, and it gives its fragrance to people without stint; Although Vason is in a high position, he is actually "useless to people and useless to things." Here, the chrysanthemum is personified, and the author endows it with the ideological quality of not seeking high position and glory. "Birth" corresponds to "no envy", emphasizing tone and highlighting the noble integrity of chrysanthemum. This last sentence reveals the theme of the poem and sublimates it.