He controlled all the weighing standards of money and grain, so the court made a profit and the people were not worried about the ups and downs of prices. Ada also believes that with the increase of families and population, the scope of taxation will naturally expand.
Therefore, Ada always puts concern for people's sufferings in the first place when managing money. Every road has its own patrol. Every ten days to a month, they must record the rain and snow situation in the county and report it to the forwarding department.
Officials in Zhiyuan began to see the clue that the harvest could not be harvested that year. It needs to be explained in advance that certain taxes need to be reduced or exempted in a certain month and certain material subsidies need to be reduced or exempted in a certain month. At the scheduled time, Ada went to implement it without waiting for the applications of counties, so as to solve the urgent needs of the people and never miss the opportunity.
Therefore, people can live and work in peace and contentment, and the family population has increased and doubled. Liu 7A686964616FE78988E69D833133431343662 at the beginning of his strict appointment.
The annual income from money and taxes is only 4 million feet, and by the end of his term, the annual income has reached10 million feet. Ada used the monopoly method of salt production to increase the use of military materials. He thought that if there were more officials, people would be harassed, so he only set up salt officials in salt-producing areas, and no longer set up salt officials in counties outside salt-producing areas.
Before Ada took office, he transported the grain from Kanto to Chang 'an, because the river is fast and dangerous, and roughly one grain can be transported to Badou. Even if it is successful, it will be rewarded. Ada believes that the water flows of the Yangtze River, Bianshui River, Yellow River and Weishui River are different. According to the different characteristics and convenient conditions of different places, build ships to transport grain and train soldiers responsible for transporting grain.
Ships from the Yangtze River arrived in Yangzhou, ships from Bianshui arrived in Yin He, ships from the Yellow River arrived at the estuary where Weishui flowed into the Yellow River, and ships from Weishui arrived in Taicang. Granary is set between sections along the water's edge, which is transferred from the previous section to the next section. Since then, the grain transported every year can sometimes reach more than one million tons, and no barrel or liter sinks in the water.
Ada replaced Yangtze River in shipbuilding. Pay 1000 yuan for each ship built.
Some people say, "the cost of building a ship is actually less than half, and it wastes too much money." Ada said: "This is not the case.
Of course, you can't be stingy with small expenses when you do big things, and you must consider everything in the long run. Now the dock has just started to be built, and there are many people doing things. We must first make these people's personal expenses not embarrassing.
The goods they make for the government will be solid and reliable. How can it go on for a long time if you are not tired of haggling with these people for every penny? "Original: Liu Yanchu, as a transshipment messenger, often accepts good deeds with rough and straightforward, and reports the price of the four parties.
Although the distance is not a few days, it will reach the ambassador. The weight of food is in our hands and the country benefits, but there is nothing expensive or cheap in the world.
Yan also believes that the more registered permanent residence, the wider the tax, so his financial management is often based on loving the people first. Every official, every ten-day month, there is rain and snow in counties and counties.
Knowing that the court is over, the court officials apply first, to avoid a certain month and to save a certain month. If they don't apply for the county, they will do it. It is urgent to respond to the urgent needs of the people, so that the people can live and work in peace and contentment and have an interest account.
At the beginning, the annual income of wealth was less than 4 million, and now the annual income is more than10 million. Yan Te salt law is the relieving power, thinking that there are many officials * * *, so salt officials are set up in the hometown of salt. Since Yuzhou County, there are no more officials.
First of all, those who transport the Kanto Valley into Chang 'an have a fast-flowing river, and their hard work will be rewarded. Yan thought that the rivers of the Yangtze River, the Bianhe River, the Weihe River and the Weihe River had different powers, each taking advantage, so he built a boat and taught Cao to get drunk. Jiangchuan arrived in Yangzhou, Bianchuan arrived, Jiangchuan arrived in Weikou and Weifang arrived in Taicang. During this period, the edge of water is stored and the phase is changed.
Naturally, more than one million people are transported to the valley every year without struggle. Yan builds ships in the Yangtze River, and gives thousands of dollars to each ship, or "it is actually less than half, which wastes too much."
Yan said, "Otherwise, it's not a pity to tip those who discuss big plans. Everything must be settled forever. A dock will be set up at the beginning of this year, with the most deacons. If you make it private and not embarrassed, then the official and the matter are strong.
If you are careful with the crumbs, you will be safe for a long time. Background: Ada proposed that the premise of increasing fiscal revenue is to develop production and stabilize people's livelihood. As a Mirror of Resources, it is said that Ada "always gives priority to raising the people in financial management", which is beyond the power of ordinary officials.
Financial management often takes raising the people as the first priority, and first of all, there are people in mind. To increase fiscal revenue, we should be good at using commodity economy and be familiar with market conditions.
In his view, there are ways to increase income everywhere, and the key lies in whether it can be discovered and used. Ada believes that taxes are levied because of people's urgent needs, which means that taxes should meet people's needs instead of blindly exploiting them.
Salt is an urgent need of the people, so taxing salt benefits makes salt benefits an important item to increase fiscal revenue. Profile: Ada (7 16 -780), whose real name is Shi 'an.
Economic reformer and financier in Tang Dynasty. After the Anshi Rebellion, Ada carried out a series of financial reform measures, such as salt law reform, grain transportation reform and Changping law reform, which made important contributions to the economic development of the Tang Dynasty.
Ada's works are included in All Tang Wen and History of the Whole Tang Dynasty.
2. Translation of Classical Chinese: Ada Financial Management Ada also recruited people who are good at walking. This is very valuable. In Dongming County, Shandong Province, a diligent and capable person was elected as an official of the academy: "Yan often does everything, and he saves the disaster."
Liu Yanqin is politically diligent and keeps prices low. In Tang Suzong's time, its price was very low.
At that time, the economy of the Tang Dynasty was very depressed, which reduced losses and losses. He is clever and capable, and he is still preparing accounts for translation reference.
Ada timely and accurately grasped the national economy and market dynamics, and then sold it to salt merchants at a higher price, trained soldiers to transport grain, so that river boats would not enter the Bianshui River, and transported grain from Jianghuai to Chang 'an. Compared with the past method of transporting migrant workers directly in Jiangnan area, this method has improved efficiency.
Every ten days, in exchange for farmers' local products and sundries to resell in the harvest area, only 600,000 yuan a year, each inspection department collects the amount of rain and snow in each county, but uses * * * salt to hire boatmen to reform the financial system and take charge of finance. When Ada handled grain transportation.
He set up patrol officers in various roads to manage patrol hospitals. At the same time, more grain and millet were purchased and shipped to areas with poor harvests.
He followed Pei Yaoqing's method and gradually improved the finance of the Tang Dynasty. The standard of employing people was no commission and honesty. In the second year of Guangde, Tang Daizong (764), the salt monopoly system was adjusted, and the method of "hunger and cheapness" was often adopted to control the salt policy in two aspects: day and night and wholesale.
So the grain from Jianghuai was continuously transported to Chang 'an, which prevented the poor grain from hurting farmers, and the distribution of various departments and counties and the quality of crops changed, changing the law of official transportation and official sales of salt stipulated by Su Zong and Wu Qi. Because Ada was a local official in Ada (7 16-780) for a period of time.
In the feudal society where officials are greedy and violent, they are loyal to their duties and concurrently serve as transport envoys, so they must choose smart, diligent and diligent people. Later, a large number of financial experts were selected to develop production and became finance ministers.
He has a simple diet, and he is a genius, so he takes over the transportation of grain. In 763 ad.
First of all, he reorganized the salt prison, with the words "Shi 'an" and "Heyin". Ada appointed saltworks and other salt institutions on the basis of meritocracy, and set out to reform salt administration, which also produced * * *. "
He chose hundreds of professionals and doers, which caused food difficulties in Guanzhong. The reason was to get people. Ada promoted the "Changping Method", with every ten ships as a team. * * * Collect salt, reduce freight, and exempt people from labor for decades. The whole journey is divided into four transportation sections.
He used "abundance is expensive" to quickly declare local prices to the central government. He rode a horse when he went to the court. He first organized manpower to dredge the river. When he died, he left only two carts of books and buckets of rice and wheat. At the end of the Dali period, it increased to more than six million tons of Henan Yin, and was promoted to the official department.
Therefore, we have a better understanding and sympathy for the people's sufferings. The annual traffic volume reaches 400,000 stones, and we are indifferent. It is stipulated that salt officials should purchase the salt produced by kiosks (private households specializing in salt production) in a unified way without damaging the use of the country.
Its biography records. In 762 AD, a warehouse was set up at the intersection of Weikou and other rivers to store grain, which was escorted by officers, thus building 2000 strong waterwheels.
At that time, water transportation was abandoned. According to this information, it was cultivated for the country, and ships did not enter the Yellow River, accounting for half of the national fiscal revenue. After he takes office, he will try his best to accomplish this mission.
To this end, I am in Yangzhou again; After retiring from North Korea, they read documents in government offices and were sold everywhere. The assistant minister of the Ministry of Finance received the demand, but the river boat did not enter the Weihe River. The state only buys when it has mastered it.
Waterway transportation is through waterway transportation and is reported to the transshipment company every month. Ada took a series of effective measures and established Huazhou Secretariat. Ada served as the transfer magistrate of Pengyuan. He no longer recruited able-bodied men to serve along the river, but increased revenue and reduced expenditure, served as assistant minister of the Ministry of Housing and served as an imperial consultant.
3. Sima Guang ("Financial Management in Ada") was translated from Sima Guang's "As a Mirror for Resources" and "Liu Yan Tong Min Jing", Volume 226.
Translation:
When Ada works as a transit agent, he always recruits people who are good at running at high prices, visits various places, even far away places, and quotes the price, which can be delivered to the transit agent's office in a few days. He controlled all the weighing standards of money and grain, so the court made a profit and the people were not worried about the ups and downs of prices.
Ada also believes that with the increase of families and population, the scope of taxation will naturally expand. Therefore, Ada always puts concern for people's sufferings in the first place when managing money. Every road has its own patrol. Every ten days to a month, they must record the rain and snow situation in the county and report it to the forwarding department. Officials in Zhiyuan began to see the clue that the harvest could not be harvested that year.
It needs to be explained in advance that certain taxes need to be reduced or exempted in a certain month and certain material subsidies need to be reduced or exempted in a certain month. At the scheduled time, Ada went to implement it without waiting for the applications of counties, so as to solve the urgent needs of the people and never miss the opportunity. Therefore, people can live and work in peace and contentment, and the family population has increased and doubled. Early in Ada's term.
The annual income from money and taxes is only 4 million feet, and by the end of his term, the annual income has reached10 million feet. Ada used the monopoly method of salt production to increase the use of military materials. He thought that if there were more officials, people would be harassed, so he only set up salt officials in salt-producing areas, and no longer set up salt officials in counties outside salt-producing areas.
Before Ada took office, he transported the grain from Kanto to Chang 'an, because the river is fast and dangerous, and roughly one grain can be transported to Badou. Even if it is successful, it will be rewarded. Ada believes that the water flows of the Yangtze River, Bianshui River, Yellow River and Weishui River are different. According to the different characteristics and convenient conditions of different places, build ships to transport grain and train soldiers responsible for transporting grain.
Ships from the Yangtze River arrived in Yangzhou, ships from Bianshui arrived in Yin He, ships from the Yellow River arrived at the estuary where Weishui flowed into the Yellow River, and ships from Weishui arrived in Taicang. Granary is set between sections along the water's edge, which is transferred from the previous section to the next section. Since then, the grain transported every year can sometimes reach more than one million tons, and no barrel or liter sinks in the water. Ada replaced Yangtze River in shipbuilding.
Pay 1000 yuan for each ship built. Some people say, "the cost of building a ship is actually less than half, and it wastes too much money." Ada said: "This is not the case. Of course, you can't be stingy with small expenses when you do big things, and you must consider everything in the long run. Now the dock has just started to be built, and there are many people doing things. We must first make these people's personal expenses not embarrassing.
The goods they make for the government will be solid and reliable. How can it go on for a long time if you are not tired of haggling with these people for every penny? "
Original text:
As a transshipment messenger, Liu Yanchu often collects good people with generous quotations and quotes prices from all directions. Although the distance is not a few days, it will reach the ambassador. The weight of food is in our hands and the country benefits, but there is nothing expensive or cheap in the world. Yan also believes that the more registered permanent residence, the wider the tax, so his financial management is often based on loving the people first. Every official, every ten-day month, there is rain and snow in counties and counties.
Knowing that the court is over, the court officials apply first, to avoid a certain month and to save a certain month. If they don't apply for the county, they will do it. It is urgent to respond to the urgent needs of the people, so that the people can live and work in peace and contentment and have an interest account. At the beginning, the annual income of wealth was less than 4 million, and now the annual income is more than10 million. Strictly taking the salt law as the army and thinking that officials were too troublesome, they set up salt officials in salt-producing townships.
Since I arrived in Yuzhou County, I have stopped being an official. First of all, those who transport the Kanto Valley into Chang 'an have a fast-flowing river, and their hard work will be rewarded. Yan thought that the rivers of the Yangtze River, the Bianhe River, the Weihe River and the Weihe River had different powers, each taking advantage, so he built a boat and taught Cao to get drunk. Jiangchuan arrived in Yangzhou, Bianchuan arrived, Jiangchuan arrived in Weikou and Weifang arrived in Taicang. During this period, the edge of water is stored and the phase is changed.
Naturally, more than one million people are transported to the valley every year without struggle. Yan builds ships in the Yangtze River, and gives thousands of dollars to each ship, or "it is actually less than half, which wastes too much." Yan said, "Otherwise, it's not a pity to tip those who discuss big plans. Everything must be settled forever. A dock will be set up at the beginning of this year, with the most deacons. If you make it private and not embarrassed, then the official and the matter are strong. If you struggle with bread crumbs, Ann can do it for a long time. "
Extended data
Related background:
Ada pointed out that the premise of increasing fiscal revenue is to develop production and stabilize people's livelihood. As a Mirror of Resources, it is said that Ada "always gives priority to raising the people in financial management", which is beyond the power of ordinary officials.
Financial management often takes raising the people as the first priority, and first of all, there are people in mind. To increase fiscal revenue, we should be good at using commodity economy and be familiar with market conditions. In his view, there are ways to increase income everywhere, and the key lies in whether it can be discovered and used. Ada believes that taxes are levied because of people's urgent needs, which means that taxes should meet people's needs instead of blindly exploiting them. Salt is an urgent need of the people, so taxing salt benefits makes salt benefits an important item to increase fiscal revenue.
Personal data:
Ada (7 16 -780), whose real name is Shian. Economic reformer and financier in Tang Dynasty. After the Anshi Rebellion, Ada carried out a series of financial reform measures, such as salt law reform, grain transportation reform and Changping law reform, which made important contributions to the economic development of the Tang Dynasty. Ada's works are included in All Tang Wen and History of the Whole Tang Dynasty.
4. Seeking ancient Chinese translation: Li Yi is Zuo Cheng, minister and sage Leo Lee is Zuo Cheng, minister. His sister, Ada's wife. Yan Fangbing Spring tasted the house and extended it to the house. Seeing its curtain at the banquet is very harmful, which makes people dive wide and narrow. Later, it was made of thick bamboo and presented as a gift, with no frills. Three people carried to the door, dare not speak.
Translation:
Li Xun is the prime minister of Shangshu Zuo, and his character is very good and clean. His cousin is Ada's wife. At that time, Ada was in power. Ada has been to Lilian's room and saw that the curtain hanging on the door was worn out. He asked his men to measure the length and width of the door quietly, then woven the curtain with unpolished bamboo without modification, and then handed it to Li Lian. Ada went to Lilian's home three times, but didn't dare to say anything and went back.
Because Li Lian is clean, I dare not tell him.
5. Original version | original translation | original text | original text
Wang Huan is a gentleman and a Leling man. Poor and happy, specializing in learning, not doing business, often begging for food, chanting poems, although there is no storage at home, it is just as comfortable. His wife suffered greatly, but she still burned the book and asked for remarriage. She smiled and said, "Don't you smell the evil of Zhu Maichen's wife?" Many people heard it. Strike back Migu became a Confucian scholar.
translate
Huan Wang is from Leling, and his name is Hou Jun. He is content with poverty and takes pleasure in sticking to his beliefs. The spirit is devoted to study, not to family business. I often read the Book of Songs while begging for food. Although I don't have a bucket of grain savings at home, I feel very comfortable and happy. His wife is very worried, and sometimes she will burn his book and ask for remarriage. Huan Wang smiled and said to his wife, "Haven't you heard of Zhu Maichen's wife?" Most people who heard this at that time laughed at him. Huan Wang stuck to his ambition and eventually became a scholar.
6. Ada's full-text translation of financial management Ada (7 16-780), born in Dongming County, Shandong Province.
In the times, he successively served as the magistrate of Pengyuan, the secretariat of Huazhou, the Yin of Henan, the assistant minister of the household department, and the official of Yushicheng. In 762 AD, he was appointed as Jing and assistant minister of the Ministry of Finance, in charge of finance. At that time, the economy of the Tang Dynasty was very depressed, and Ada took a series of effective measures to develop production, increase revenue and reduce expenditure, which gradually improved the finance of the Tang Dynasty. In 763 A.D., Ada was promoted to be an official minister, an official minister (prime minister), and also served as a transshipment ambassador.
In the second year of Tang Daizong Guangde (764), Ada took over the grain transportation. Water transport is to transport grain from Jianghuai to Chang 'an by water transport. At that time, the waste of grain transportation caused the food difficulties in Guanzhong. As a local official for some time, Ada understood and sympathized with the people's sufferings. Therefore, he should try his best to accomplish this mission.
After he took office, he first organized manpower to dredge rivers, built 2,000 sturdy oil tankers and trained non-commissioned officers to transport grain. Every ten ships are a team, and the officers are responsible for escort. Instead of recruiting able-bodied men to serve along the river, he hired boatmen with salt. He used the method of Pei Yaoqing in those days, and divided the whole journey into four transportation sections, so that the river boat did not enter the Bian River, the Bian River boat did not enter the Yellow River, and the river boat did not enter the Weihe River. Therefore, warehouses are set up at the intersections of Yangzhou, Biankou, Yin He, Weikou and other rivers to store and transport grain. In this way, compared with the past method of transporting migrant workers directly in Jiangnan, it improves efficiency, reduces loss, reduces freight and eliminates human labor. Therefore, the grain from Jianghuai is continuously transported to Chang 'an, with an annual transportation volume of 400,000 stones.
While dealing with grain transportation, Ada began to reform salt policy. He first reorganized salt institutions such as salt supervision and saltworks, and then adjusted the salt monopoly system, which changed the salt law sold by officials during the Fifth Period of Su Zong's life. It is stipulated that salt officials should purchase the salt produced by kiosks (private households specializing in salt production) in a unified way, and then sell it to salt merchants at a higher price, and they will sell it everywhere. The state only controls the salt policy by grasping the two links of unified purchase and wholesale. The salt interest collected by * * * was originally only 600,000 yuan per year, and increased to more than 6 million yuan by the end of the Dali period, accounting for half of the national fiscal revenue.
Later, Ada implemented the Changping Law to reform the financial system. He set up inspectors in each road, and chose diligent and capable scholars as knowledgeable officials to manage the inspection institute, which collected information such as the amount of rain and snow and the quality of crops in each county of the road. Every ten days and every month, declare the transshipment department; Ada also recruits people who are good at walking, and quickly reports the prices of various places to the central government. Ada has timely and accurately grasped the national economic and market trends, and adjusted demand and stabilized prices according to this information. He used the method of "abundance is expensive, hunger is cheap" to prevent food from hurting farmers. At the same time, buy more grain and millet, transport them to poor harvest areas and sell them at low prices, in exchange for farmers' local products and sundries to be resold to rich harvest areas, which not only saved the disaster, but also damaged the national use and promoted production.
Ada was appointed on merit. It is said: "Yan often does many things. Because he wants to get people, he must choose people who are sensitive, diligent and diligent." He chose hundreds of professionals and doers, who were distributed in various departments and counties. He trained and selected a large number of financial experts for the country on the basis of cleverness, loyalty and honesty.
Liu Yanqin has worked hard in politics for decades. When he was in court, he was riding a horse, and his heart was still preparing accounts; After retiring from North Korea, I often read documents around the clock in the official office. He ate a simple diet, had no maid, and left only two carts of books and several barrels of rice and wheat when he died. In the feudal society where officials are greedy and violent, it is very valuable for a finance minister to keep his hands clean.
7. Sun Rong asked Li Guwen to translate the original text of the ancient poetry network:
Kong Rong, a native of Qufu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, is the grandson of the 20th Confucius and the second son of Kong Zhou, a captain of Mount Tai. When Rong was seven years old, it was his grandfather's sixtieth birthday, and the guests were full. A plate of crisp pears was put on the longevity table, and the mother ordered people to divide it. So according to the age order, everyone is in his place, and only his own income is very small. His father was surprised and asked, others got it. Rong said calmly, there are high and low trees, people are old and young, respect the old and respect the elders, and be a man! Father was overjoyed.
Translation:
Sun Rong, a native of Qufu, Shandong Province in the Eastern Han Dynasty, is the 20th grandson of Confucius. He is the second son of Kong Zhou, the captain of Mount Tai. When Kong Rong was seven years old, it happened to be the sixtieth birthday of his ancestors, and many people came. There was a plate of pears on the longevity platform, and his mother asked Kong Rong to share them. So Kong Rong divided them according to the order of generations, and everyone was assigned to himself. Kong Rong calmly replied: There are trees high and trees low, and people are old and small. Respect for the elderly is the truth of being a man! Dad is very happy!
8. Translating ancient Chinese into modern Chinese: Zhang Le's Qin Zheng Royal Building listed hundreds of prostitutes. Xuanzong personally went to Qin Zheng Building to play music and arranged for hundreds of singers and dancers.
At that time, there was an aunt Wang in the teaching workshop who was good at supporting a 100-foot pole with a wooden rockery on it, which looked like the abbot of Yingzhou (the legendary fairy mountain). Let the children go in and out with Red Jeff, while Aunt Wang Can is still singing and dancing.
At that time, Ada, as a child prodigy, worked as a secretary in orthography, and his age was only 10. Ugly, but smart.
Xuanzong called him to the curtain upstairs, and the imperial concubine put him on her lap, powdered him and put a woman's headscarf on him. Xuanzong asked Ada, "You are an orthographer. How many words have you changed? " Ada said: "All the words in the world are right, except the word' Peng'."
The imperial concubine asked Aunt Wang to lift the pole and responded with a poem, saying, "There are hundreds of plays in front of the building, but the pole is wonderful and fascinating. Who said that the front edge is fierce, and the wanderer is too light and more attractive? " Xuanzong, Guifei and other concubines laughed for more than an hour, and laughter could be heard outside. So Xuanzong asked him to give him the ivory water boat and the yellow brocade robe.
9. (Ada knows the price and has the skill) Translated as follows:
Ada is in charge of logistics statistics in the south, and the price level hundreds of miles away can be known on the same day. Someone recorded the story of Ada: When I was in the third division (the central administrative organ), I went to the southeast on business. Every year, the shipping department (Imperial Transportation Department) goes to various counties to buy rice. I don't know the rice price, so I have to report it according to the local rice price. Then according to the price of rice, buy less if it is expensive, and cheaper is enough. Only by collecting the rice price of each county can the documents be distributed to the lower departments according to the quantity. When the documents arrive, the price of rice has gone up, so it is often expensive to buy. Ada's way is to let the counties with more rice production and convenient transportation be divided into five grades according to the purchase price of several tens of meters and the quantity of rice bought, and report to the competent authorities for the record. Now it belongs to the shipping department. Once the rice price is determined, there is no need to declare for instructions. If the actual rice price is the first price recorded in the file, then the quantity of rice bought is the fifth number recorded in the file; If the actual rice price is the fifth price in the document, it is the first number in the document; If the rice price is the second price, it is the fourth number recorded in the file; If the rice price is the fourth price, it is the second number recorded in the file, and then it is reported to the shipping department immediately. In this way, where the price of rice is cheap, you can naturally buy enough at one time: in other cases, you can buy it on time, which is suitable anyway, and you won't buy all the rice at a very expensive price. The shipping department still counts the number of rice bought in each county, and cuts off the expensive places if you buy more; If you haven't bought enough, buy some more from a cheap and close place. From now on, I will never miss the price of rice because of time; No matter whether the local harvest is good or not, the price will be known on the same day. There is a way.