original work
Poetry and Painting Recitation in A Political Prisoner Listening to Cicada in Prison (Parallel Order) [1]
In the west of the Forbidden City, there are several ancient pagoda trees. Although they know the business, they are both ancient trees in Yin Zhongwen; And hearing, that is, Gan Tang (2) of the week, is pumped out every evening when the sun is low, making a sound and having a taste. Does it mean that people's hearts are different from those at that time (3), and worms are sad after listening to them? Hehe, the voice is moving and the virtue is like a saint. Therefore, cleaning his body is also a noble act of a gentleman; Shed its skin, and it has the spirit of a fairy capital. Then follow the number of yin and yang; It is necessary to change the festival and take the opportunity to review Tibet. Open your eyes and don't be confused by Tao; With thin wings, it is easy to be true but not vulgar. Sing the breeze of the tree, rhyme longitudinal; Drinking the dew of high autumn is clear and awesome. The servant got lost and was hit by a badge. Don't be sad but feel sorry for yourself, first decline and then shake it off. When I heard the flowing sound, I realized that I had been rehabilitated; Seeing the shadow of mantis, I am afraid of crisis. Feel and write poems. 6. Make friends. A normal heart should follow things and mourn its weak feathers; Send people to know, pity Yusheng loneliness. Not pen and ink, but worry and worry.
All landowners cicada singing in the west, south crown guest thinking deeply.
I can't see it in the shadow of the temple, to break the heart of a white-haired prisoner.
His flight passed through the thick fog, and his pure voice was drowned in the world of wind.
Who knows if he is still singing? Who will listen to me? . [2]
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Annotation translation
To annotate ...
(1) Although there are two lines of business: When the Eastern Jin Dynasty saw the old pagoda tree in Fu Huan Wen, it sighed, "This tree is shaky, and there is no business." Take this opportunity to lament that he has no ambition. Used here.
(2) Trial of the case: According to legend, during the Zhou Dynasty, Bo was called to inspect and listen to the people's lawsuit without disturbing the people, so the case was finalized in Gan Tang (Li Tang), and later generations were warned not to destroy trees. Zhao Bo, that is, Zhao Gong. The ancestor of Yan State in Zhou Dynasty was named after the feudal city in Zhao (now southwest of Qishan, Shaanxi).
③ Time: the previous time.
Will: Or.
⑤ Emblem: The rope that binds criminals means to be imprisoned here.
6 Write a poem: become a poem.
⑦ westland: autumn.
8 Nanguan: Chu Guan, which means prisoner. According to Zuo Zhuan, the king of Chu was imprisoned in the yamen of the Jin army for nine years, wearing a southern crown. Deep: One is "invasion".
9 Xuan 'an: refers to the cicada's black wings, indicating that it is in the prime of life. Can't bear it: one is "that's comparable."
⑩ Whitehead Poetry: Yuefu Title. The interpretation of Yuefu poems is that Bao Zhao, Zhang and Yu Shinan were all self-mutilated but slandered. The meaning of those two sentences is that I am in a mysterious year, but I have come to recite such a sad poem as "Ballad of the White Head". [2]
translate
In late autumn, cicadas continue to sing,
I was imprisoned in prison, and my homesickness gradually deepened.
I can't take it anymore. This Qiu Chan flapped his black wings.
I kept singing for my white hair.
Cicada, the dew in the morning is too heavy. Although your wings are light, it is difficult for you to fly high.
At dusk, the cold wind is cruel, and your high-pitched voice is easily covered by the wind.
You-waste your time sipping the dew from the tall trees, but you are dizzy in the turbid world. No one believes that it is noble and clear.
Alas, to whom can I express my bright and clean heart? [3]
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Creation background
"Political prisoners listen to cicadas" is the work of King Robin. In 678 AD (the third year of Yifeng in Tang Gaozong), Robin, who had just been promoted to an imperial envoy, was arrested and imprisoned for eighteen years. The reason why he committed the crime was that he touched Wu Zetian on something negligent. He said that he "lost the stolen goods". These two statements, the latter is unfounded. The former feels biased. From the end of this poem, the couplet "Who knows if he is still singing?" Who will listen to me again? " This is obviously framed by others. Mr. Wen Yiduo said that King Robin "was born with chivalrous spirit, meddlesome, keen on killing, revenge and revolution, and helping spoony women beat people up" (Poem of Palace Complaints). These words revealed the root cause of Robin's imprisonment. He dares to rebel against his boss and use a knife and pencil. Of course, the person who is hit will take him in on charges of "taking bribes" and "touching the marquis of Wu". Because of this, Wang Luobin wrote this poem in prison. [4]
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works appreciation
Small sequence appreciation
The front of this poem is orderly, but some popular anthologies of Tang poetry often only record poems, and they are abandoned if the preface is not recorded. In fact, the preface and the poem are an organic whole, and the metaphor in the poem, that is, the correspondence between natural things and personality incarnation, is based on the straightforward description of the preface. To understand the wonderful combination of the two, you have to read the preface of this poem.
It can be said that this is a short and pithy parallel prose and a lyrical novel full of affection. In this preface, the poet narrates the origin of his poems, the form, habits and virtues of cicadas, and expresses that he "lost his way and was caught by time". The sad poet first wrote from The Palace Museum, and expressed his pain in prison and his desire for insight with the allusions of the frustrated official career in Jin Dynasty and the insight into prison affairs in Western Zhou Dynasty. Then, I wrote that cicadas sound sad. "When people's hearts are different from others, worms will make sad sounds before listening." I used questions to associate cicadas with themselves, their hearts and things. Describe the virtues of cicadas with anthropomorphic brushwork. Starting from the morphological habits of cicadas, it is written that cicadas adapt to the changes of seasons and appear with the changes of seasons and climate. Cicada's wings are very thin and her eyes are always open. "Don't be confused by the Tao, don't be vulgar and easy to be true." The poet called it "the Stephen Shangxing Gao of a gentleman who can achieve great things." Because cicada has such virtue, the poet uses cicada as a metaphor and regards cicada as his own personality incarnation. Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long Search" says: "Love moves with things, and words are sent with feelings. A leaf welcomes guests, and the sound of insects is enough to attract the heart. " King Robin compared himself with cicadas, took care of his own shadow and felt sorry for himself. It is the feeling of things that drives things. This conclusion can also be confirmed by Luo's Preface to Fireflies written at the same time: "Things are affectionate and affectionate, but the traces are different." The response is to the same voice, and the Tao is to the same kind. "The poet's experience shows the truth of feeling things, and the aesthetic psychological structure of human beings corresponds to some isomorphism of natural things. The beauty of the poet's chanting lies not only in the principle of isomorphism and correspondence, but also in the rich cultural connotation contained in the cicada image. [5]
Poetry appreciation
This poem was written in 678 AD (and in the third year of Feng Gao). At that time, King Robin was appointed as an assistant inspector. He was falsely accused of taking bribes because he touched the marquis of Wu in this matter. Syntactically, the first two sentences are antithetical sentences, but in practice, cicadas are used to arouse the guests' thoughts. At the beginning of this poem, Qiu Chan sings loudly, which makes him deaf. Next, it points out that the poet deeply misses his home in prison. Three or four sentences, one about cicada, one about myself, and "Nakan" and "Laidui" form a flowing pair, which connects things with me. The poet satirized Wu Zetian several times and even went to jail. Great young people, after all kinds of political torture, have disappeared, with stars and white hair on their heads. Seeing this singing Qiu Chan in prison, he was still in the dark, and he couldn't help hurting himself. At the same time, he recalled his childhood, which was not as good as Qiu Chan's singing. Now he has accomplished nothing, even went to prison. In these ten words, the poet's method of action is more than ridicule, which euphemistically and tortuous expresses this sad feeling. At the same time, Whitehead is the name of Yuefu music. According to legend, after Sima Xiangru's love for Zhuo Wenjun in the Western Han Dynasty was not special, Zhuo Wenjun wrote a "Whitehead Song" to self-harm. His poem says: "Sadness is heavy and sad. You don't need to cry when you get married. You must unite and never give up. " (See Miscellanies of Xijing) Here, the poet skillfully interpreted this allusion, further implying that the ruler failed the poet's loyalty to the country. The word "Bai tou yin" plays a pun role here, which is deeper than the original intention. On the cross, it says, "What's so sad? What's so sad about it? What's so sad? " None of them are used, but they are deliberately hidden, which fully shows the implicit beauty of poetry.
The last five or six sentences are purely "bi". There is not a word in the two sentences that is not about cicadas, and there is not a word that is not about yourself. "Exposing the weight" and "windy" are metaphors of environmental pressure, "flying hard" is a metaphor of political dissatisfaction, and "speaking loudly is easy to sink" is a metaphor of suppressed speech. Cicadas are like this, and so are poets. Things here are mixed and inseparable. Only when the poems about objects are written in such a state can they be regarded as "reposing in the distance".
When the poet wrote this poem, he was full of emotion and skillful, so he was strong in the end. The seventh sentence, make persistent efforts, still use the comparative level. Qiu Chan is so high up that no one believes that it is divorced from reality. The poet Yu's character was not known at that time. Instead, he was framed and imprisoned. "Who knows if he is still singing?" It is also an excuse for accepting bribes. However, as Chu Gan Yuan said in Li Sao during the Warring States Period: "The world is turbid and has no points, so it is beautiful and jealous." In this case, no one came to avenge the poet. "You must pity me, pity you", which means that only cicadas can sing for me, and only I can sing for cicadas. The last sentence is in the form of a question. Cicada and the poet are integrated.
This poem, written in adversity, is full of emotion, clear metaphor, natural allusions and witty remarks. It expresses feelings in chanting things, from things to people, from people to things, and achieves the realm of unity between things and me. It is a masterpiece in chanting poems.
A good poem should not only have a poetic eye to shine, but also have a "dragon rhyme" to shine. Try Yang Jiong's Join the Army and Du Fu's Book of Letters. Without "a centurion is better than a scholar" and "but before he conquered, he was already dead". The sentence pattern of "Long Yin" like "From now on, the hero shed tears on his skirt" is right behind the house, expressing his heart and offering a "poetic heart". Then the whole article will be boring. The same is true of this poem. At the end of the poem, the poet was full of anger and told his long-standing true feelings: "Who knows if he is still singing?" Who will listen to me again? " And then take off the "cicada body" wrapped in the first three sections, so that people can see the author's pure sincerity in serving the country. This kind of sincerity, as the preface says, "is open-minded, not confused by the Tao, not confused by the wings." Sing the breeze of the tree, rhyme longitudinal; Drinking the dew of high autumn is clear and awesome. "It's not easy to be secular. It's better to drink dew than to maintain' charm'. It is this problem that makes "Political Prisoner Listening to Cicada" a masterpiece of Tang poetry, which is superior to the palace poems in the early Tang Dynasty. [6]
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Image introduction
As a phenological image, cicada bears the poet's sad emotional experience in China literati's poems and becomes an emotional symbol. People who have roughly the same experience in different times will feel roughly similar emotional intentions when they hear cicadas. Therefore, when King Robin heard in prison that "Qiu Chan's words were rarely quoted, and his voice was calm", he couldn't help writing poems. Cicada in Luo's poems is not a simple natural thing, but an emotional symbol that has accumulated sad experiences.
Since the Han and Wei Dynasties, many scholars have written fu to praise the virtues of cicadas. From then on, cicada, a "humble" thing, became more perfect in the minds of literati and became the embodiment of noble personality. The cicada beautified by literati is actually the materialized literati itself and the beautification of their own moral personality. In the preface of this poem, Wang said that cicada is "a noble character" and "noble in poetry". Its origin is the personalized recognition of cicada image since Han and Wei Dynasties. Luo's "Cicada Singing" is written closely around the characteristics of weak cicada feathers and weak voice. These two characteristics just reflect the situation that the poet was unable to apply for assistance at that time. Because the image of cicada has accumulated sad emotional factors and noble personality factors, and because the virtue of cicada has been described in the preface before the poem, although the virtue of cicada is not the main part of the poem, the noble beauty of cicada is actually in it; Although I didn't say what I was thinking, the passionate voice had jumped inside and was clearly audible. Fang Shu-dong said: "Poems about objects don't need to be explicit, but they seem to be descriptions, so they will naturally arrive." ("Zhao Wei Zhan Yan", Volume 21) "A Political Prisoner Listening to Cicada" is such a masterpiece of object-chanting poetry. [7]