According to Shen Zizheng's Preface to Blowing Birds, Shen Yixiu said, "At the age of four or five, you can read. (At the age of eight, I can master the pot politics, be polite, and be Mu Ran. " "Don't be rude and stubborn, fight for dates and chestnuts, don't touch your sister with birds and animals, and her sister will explain it with good words" and "Adults take care of each other first, which is extraordinary", which makes parents quite fond of it.
Due to family factors, Shen Yixiu didn't go to school except his parents who occasionally taught reading. Fortunately, in the Wen Yuan family like Shen Shi, the female elders in the family are also proficient in literature and pen and ink, and there are more than a dozen women with poems and other works circulating in genealogy or other books. Shen Yixiu, a young man without a teacher, is diligent and eager to learn, asking for words from the female elders at home and studying hard. He can often "learn a lot and recite the history of books", which lays the foundation for learning. A little longer, I can't put it down, but when I think of my mother's early death, I often feel sad between reading, writing and housework. This can't be seen from his poems before marriage, but it can also be proved from the poem "Yan Jun's voice and voice are as bad as before after giving up donations" written by his father when he died. There is a line in the poem: "The crying is no longer heard, and the ileum is self-cracking", which is heartbreaking to read.
Harmony between Qin and Se Shen Yixiu married Ye in the thirty-third year of Wanli (1605) at the age of sixteen. At this time, the hosts were "handsome and long, and they could learn from their temples", and when they returned, they were "deer-webbed clothes and no resentment". This marriage can be said to be a match made in heaven, which not only conforms to the external conditions such as mutual suitability and love in the city at that time, but also opens the door to love for the two boys and girls in Seeds of Love. No wonder people sigh: Qiongzhi Yushu, cross each other. That year, Ye was seventeen years old, fashionable and beautiful, just like Xie Fengyi. Shen Yixiu's heart is full of quality, and he works in chanting; There should be many poems between them. Shen Yixiu, who is good at reading, likes to read widely and write poems when he is free. He can't forget it after reading it once. He also likes to write poems and lyrics. His works have a wide range of themes, diverse forms, novel ideas and a girlish feeling. Everyone who saw them praised them for their Xie Daowen style. However, such a beautiful and versatile daughter-in-law, her mother-in-law is worried that her poems will affect Ye's study, because after the poems are written, it is inevitable that husband and wife will reward each other and even answer each other, and Yuzryha will be distracted. So she doesn't like and doesn't want Shen Yixiu to write poems, so that Shen Yixiu can give up writing poems and concentrate on housework. Although Shen Yixiu was dissatisfied with her mother-in-law's request, she was deeply influenced by traditional culture. She refused to go against her mother-in-law's wishes, causing family discord, which in turn affected her husband Ye's study and had to give up her poetry creation temporarily against her will. Shen Yixiu is a quiet and tidy woman. In Ye's Shen An Chuan The Dead Room, she said, "... sex is so clean, the bed screen is a little flickering, and no fibers are allowed. "Just got married, a green bed hung for 30 years. "It is not easy to be hot or cold, and the color is old and clean." Shen Yixiu's character as a good housekeeper was even more prominent when Yejialu fell.
A few years after their marriage, Ye studied imperial examinations in a museum. At that time, Ye and his cousin Ye Shaoji lived together to study and work. In order to cope with the imperial examination, we must do articles such as raiders. Every time Ye Yuan Shao finishes writing a paper, he takes it home for Shen Yixiu to criticize and correct. Shen Yixiu can often point out right and wrong, and his opinion is convinced by Yuzryha Yuan Shao. In order to help Ye, Shen Yixiu often helps Ye to copy his exam-taking strategies and other articles. His beautiful handwriting (especially small letters) was praised by everyone who saw it as the style of Mrs. Wei (a famous ancient female calligrapher). However, Ye, a famous writer in the south of the Yangtze River, was "tired of the imperial examination, and his family was ruined." Shen Yixiu always encourages frustrated husbands in the examination room, and "encouraging each other from cow clothes" makes her husband full of confidence in his talents, and "never said a word of shame". In this case, on the one hand, Shen Yixiu struggled to raise her children, on the other hand, she "never touched Mrs. Feng's heart", and on the other hand, she sold her dowry jewelry to subsidize her family, so that "there is nothing to decorate". The mother is the most filial, and the younger brother Shen Zizheng said, "Sorry, strict requirements. Every time I swallow it softly, I am afraid of going against my aunt's mind. There are many husbands and children, but few aunts who don't want to die. My sister kneels down and confesses for life. " However, Shen's "spare time, rice, salt and wine, do not waste chanting." When her husband tried again, Shen Yixiu gave it a poem entitled "Jia Zi Shao Zhongqiu tried Jinling", which contained the sentence "Don't like autumn too much, don't make me shy", expressing his hope humorously and euphemistically. Ye Lombardi, the first scholar in the next five years (1625), was chosen as a scholar, and Deng Nangong was patented as a concubine by Luan, but he was also "indifferent, not happy". Ye has since entered the official career. He first worked as a martial arts professor in Nanjing, then moved to Guo Zi as a teaching assistant, and in less than two years, he became the director of the Ministry of Industry, so his career was smooth sailing.
Shen Yixiu, who was born in an official's family and was broad-minded, said, "He is generous, simple and easy-going, and obedient to the royal servants. This is commendable in the old society. Because he has concerns and knows the original feelings of the cave, there is no reconciliation anger, and there is nothing more than rational condemnation." Although his life is also very difficult, sometimes he has to borrow money, but Shen Ye's ancestors once owned vast land, which spread to Ye's territory. Because of poor management and poor family, I had to sell some land to subsidize my family. Later, there was little left. Part of the land in hand is planted by hired people, and tenants grow food. The annual land rent can be used as the main source of income for families. During the famine, Ye Jia "deducted the extra money from the regular expenses", while Shen Yixiu even "ordered the master planner to change a small amount". When Ye's friend was poor and helpless, Shen Yixiu "took off his erbium and gave him dozens of gold." Then Ye said, "When you get here, your box will be empty, and you will have no resentment." Ye moved to say that Zhai Guancui's resignation would be used to repay her, but Shen Yixiu said, "Since you are committed to Jun, can you report to He Yun?"
The happiest days in their husband and wife's life were two years before Ye resigned and retired. During that time, the old mother with white hair in the hall was still in high spirits, and there were a group of talented people who were absolutely beautiful. The couple are in their prime. How can they be unhappy with such a big family that is happy, kind to relatives and friends, full of books and full of literary atmosphere? Ceng Yun Zhang Chao, a writer in the Qing Dynasty, said: "The value of peace was born in Hushan County; The official is clean and quiet, and his family is well-off; Marry a virtuous woman and have a smart child. Life is really blessed. " It is appropriate to describe the life of Ye Jia at this time.
A happy life can best stimulate people's poetic interest, as the poem Xiao Qi says: "Peony is like a smiling face, charming cloister. Roses are curled up, and the shelves are full of rubies. The scenery is so leisurely, we can talk about eliminating dust customs. " It can be seen that he is cheerful and cheerful when he gets up early. Ye Shao and Xue Yuan wrote eight poems about Autumn Village Residence, and Shen Yixiu also wrote eight poems about Harmony according to the rhyme of Autumn Village Residence. His poems are full of joy and love for life. There is a poem: "The land is a secluded village, and the door is open." There is a sentence in the fourth poem: "seclusion from the rain, a pillow full of flowers." These poems show the love of husband and wife, family harmony and lovely joy in life. There is a line in the poem "Zhi Zhu Ci": The distant trees hang faintly on the lake, and the whitebait is fresh. The countryside favors the beauty of Qiu Guang, and beauty forces the lotus under the water. Put the joy into the scene and read it as you saw it with your own eyes. There is also the poem "Happy Rain" which says "Flowers are about to drip, fine grass is tender and floating", and the scenery after the rain is written in a happy mood, which is quite artistic in Du Shaoling's "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night".
Ye, who lost his daughter and died alone, was not keen on the ups and downs of his career and soon got tired of government affairs. Coupled with his concern for his wife and children at home and his yearning for his mother, he gave up his official duties and returned home on the grounds that his mother Feng was old. According to his chronicle, in November of the third year of Chongzhen, he was ordered to return to his last nursing home. This shows that Ye has a heavy homesickness complex. Shen Yixiu gave birth to eight men and three women for Ye Jia. "I love my children all my life. They are all self-explanatory." Under his careful teaching and leading by example, they all made achievements in the future. Ye's family was rich, lived in a pool of bamboo and stone, and all the poems in the boudoir were written. They gave flowers and plants to each other and carved clouds on the moon, which became a romantic story of a large family in the south of the Yangtze River. However, in the end, I lived in Asahi all my life, became an official, lived a hard life, and made a living by land, not by glory and profit. As his sixth son, Ye Xie, said: "Bare life, words don't mean money", "Dooms at home are full of books" and "handling things frankly and happily, but not necessarily straight". Another example is Yuan Jingtuo's sentence: Ye "sings all day long, bears no children, and his family is getting worse". Therefore, this heavenly life did not last long. Times change suddenly, and people have a destiny. The autumn of five years in Chongzhen should be an ominous season for Ye Jia, and bad luck came one after another. Ye Xiaoluan, who was only 17 years old, died suddenly five days before her centenary wedding ceremony with Liping, Zhang Kunshan. Sister Wan cried too much for her sister, but she died with her sister two months later. Second sister Ye Xiaowan wrote a drama "Yuanyang Dream" to express her grief. In addition to grief, it is really touching to write three sisters into the play. The once lush green leaves have fallen in the bleak autumn wind. The occurrence of this series of events made Shen Yixiu unprepared and the balance of life began to tilt. She still can't accept that such a talented child will go first by himself. Does it really prove that genius is jealous? Three years later, in the depths of the child's memory, this talented woman in Jiangnan died. At that time, "the handmaid cried in the room, the servant cried in the court, the city vendor cried in the city, the village and the farmer cried in the wild, which was a bit out of place, and there was no singing in the alley."
Since then, with the stormy end of the Ming Dynasty, the Ye family in Jiangnan has rapidly declined together. In the second year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1645), that is, the second year after the collapse of the Ming Dynasty, Ye and his third son abandoned their homes and lived in (now 60 miles southeast of Wujiang, Jiangsu).
Shen Yixiu's literary achievements include Bird Blowing Collection, Hundred Plum Blossom Poems, Song of Snow Fragrance, etc., and her female works are compiled into Arbitrary Four. The Collection of Blowing Birds is divided into two volumes, the first volume contains 5 14 poems and the second volume contains 109 essays. 109 words can be roughly divided into five kinds according to the theme: feeling, giving answers, chanting things, meditation and mourning.
These words are based on the theme of seeing someone off and getting pregnant at the right time. These words are full of love for husband, children and family. However, under the circumstances of her husband's official tour, her daughter's early death and family turmoil and poverty, Shen Yixiu's ci is full of a sense of lack of love. Jun Yong, Zhang, Zhou Jie, her nephew and eldest daughter are all her closest relatives. Farewell works were mostly written during Ye Ren's tenure from the first year of Chongzhen to the fourth year of Chongzhen. During these four years, her husband went far away. Although Wan Jun, as his wife, "doesn't hate being leisurely", he doesn't forget to comfort her husband in "sending Zhong Shaobei to the North" and "chatting and singing songs to the monarch, and making a heartless tour". First of all, I express my feelings for my husband, but my feelings are peaceful and gentle. At the end of the sentence, I always comfort my husband with kind words, which is a poetic expression of "complaining without anger, mourning without injury" For example, "Shui Dingmao, Guan Yecheng, brothers have to meet each other when they take the exam in autumn. After Shao Zhong moved to the north, he went to Zhong Yan alone, and I lived in seclusion for three years. Give this ambition. " "Last night, the west wind blew, and the anxiety was still old. Moss money is shy, pale, willows are crumbling, and the dew is beginning to show, but it is still a little. I miss Qinhuai's hometown and hate the Six Dynasties. In autumn in Mo Wen, the window locks are very long and the curtains hang down. Stay for a long time, past lives, falling flowers and wrinkling. Dream back, half-time bell rings, geese fly back, etc. I will pursue it, the golden word will spring, I will pay more and play cold. " After her husband went to Beijing, she wanted to live alone for three years, recalling the shyness and beauty of her youth and the short sweetness and happiness after marriage in the cold night. Autumn in Mo Wen tells about the changes in the past and present. The sadness of memories, whether it is the face of the country or the feelings between ourselves and her husband, have disappeared and broken, just like falling flowers and wrinkles. We can no longer expect the love brought by the word "wild goose" in the cloud.
Cold food, Tanabata and other seasons, autumn night, cold night, moonlit night and Dragon Boat Festival are most likely to remind mothers of their daughters and wives of their husbands. Tanabata begging cold food season, every time "touching the scene, everything is sad", the thoughts of relatives are constantly lingering in my heart, so that she can't suppress her depression. For example, "If you have a dream, you will feel nostalgic for dusk" and "The quiet night is as cold as yesterday, and the spring breeze is bleak twice. The moonlight is hazy, and the autumn color is about half a court. Curtains hanging curtains hanging I know the plum blossoms outside the window. " In the dead of night, women still sit at the window, and every day for two years is suffering. Tonight, when the curtain falls, the plum blossoms fall. Interwoven between the lines is a kind of sadness that is hard to get rid of, including the unhappiness of life, the pain of separation, the patience of loneliness and so on.
Words such as giving answers also account for a lot of weight in her words. Yixiu wrote back to all her closest relatives, such as her brother Junyong, her cousin, her husband Ye and so on. In her words, we can clearly see a traditional lady's voice full of affection for the family and the family, and see her infatuation as a sister and infatuation as a wife. Such as "Flowers in Recent Years and Zhang Qianqian's Four Monarchs" and "Bamboo Shadow Xiao Sen's Sorrow for Qu Yuan". The sad man blew through the west wind. A day of heartbreak. The remnant lamp burst into tears. Whispering that the injury was past midnight. Flying south, there are no books. Fortunately, it is difficult to rely on returns. Pear flower rain is Luo Jin's companion. "Zhang Qianqian and Shen Yixiu have deep feelings. Yixiu was put in foster care at Zhang Qianqian's house. Although they are cousins, they are blood sisters. It was not until Zhang Qianqian and his brother got married that they separated. Qian Qian's married life is very unsatisfactory. She often writes letters and poems to Shen Yixiu. The song "Man Ting Square" was written by Qian Qian when he was an official in the upper reaches of Junyong and didn't want to go home. Yi Xiu wrote this word with her. At the beginning of the word, a romantic scene is rendered, and then the sad scene of the protagonist Qian Qian is imagined. Xia Kun skillfully used the story of geese flying south to express the helplessness of women waiting for love in the boudoir. In the time when Junyong set the date of returning home again and again, and changed and postponed the original return time again and again, the waiting woman could only spend the night in pear blossom rain and wipe her tears with a towel again and again. The imagination in this poem is really vivid. This kind of singing can write about my thoughts about my brother and Qian Qian's thoughts about her husband, so it is full of affection.
For her, chanting is mostly just a word game. For example, seventeen words are palindrome with renju thimble, and the next word is palindrome; Sing the willow, mountain, girl, wine, water, flowers, wind, clouds, moon, snow, rain and grass on the lake with twelve characters; Use the same epigraph to chant laurel, bamboo, willow, plum, banana, EU, etc. In fact, it doesn't involve too much emotion, or it is just used to kill time and show talent.
Shen Yixiu is a sensible woman with mature manners. In addition, her relationship with Tiantai Sect and her study of Shurangama Sutra enabled her to look at life, family and other issues more rationally, so that her writing could be regarded as a cool examination by outsiders. Such as: "Huan Sha Ou Cheng" "In the afternoon, the court is high in Ye Fei, and there is right and wrong in the world. Let's look at geese and clouds. The shallow marks on the moss move slowly, and the shadows in front of the column move at will, so there is no need to talk about ancient and modern times. " This is about the vagaries of life and giving up on yourself in emptiness and helplessness. This kind of emotional experience, which combines rational philosophy and abstract unspeakable emotions, has a leisurely and casual aesthetic feeling. This is the fourth category of Shen Yixiu's ci.
The eulogy was written in the last three years of Wanjun's life after five years of Chongzhen. From the scene, there are Sitting at Night, Dreaming at Night, Facing the Snow, The Second Daughter of Midspring, Going Home with Little Silk, Morning Plum and Sleepless in Summer. The intensive mourning works in three years are the poet's main emotion in this period, mainly mourning two women and their dead children, as well as his cousin Zhang Qianqian. What moved the author most was a poem "Remembering Qin E, Sleepless on a Cold Night, Remembering My Dead Daughter": "The west wind is getting colder in the east, and the sound of bamboo knocking on the rain is cold. Cold, heartbroken, ileum knotted. Hua Yao picked pears early. It's hard to say how far a fragrant person is. It's hard to say, I used to laugh, but now I'm crying! " The cold west wind fiercely attacked this tragic world. Raindrops hit the bamboo leaves, just like hitting the mother's heart. "The heart is full of twists and turns, and the ileum is full of knots", so it is no exaggeration to render the pain of hurting women! The use of words such as "Hua Yao drought provoked pear blossoms and snow" in Ci not only strongly exaggerated the environment and atmosphere when writing Ci, but also implied the purity, nobleness and beauty of the dead woman. But the reality is the cruel reality that "people are far away from fragrance", and the poet's deep sorrow is hard to tell. Recalling the scene when her dead daughter laughed, I can only cry her blood and tears now! The sharp contrast shows the great contrast after the death of her daughter.
Artistic characteristics, excellent pen, elegant style.
Shen Yixiu's lofty and elegant ci style benefits from his spiritual talent and academic talent in calligraphy. There is a comment on the works that should be revised: "The style is nearly ancient, the method is almost superior, the text is beautiful, and the charm is good." Xu Naichang, a poet in A Qing, once compiled the words in "The Collection of Ancient Blows" into a volume and included them in "Hundred Women's Words".
The early landscape poems are fresh and sad, graceful and graceful like Li Qingzhao, and melancholy and sad like Zhu. For example, "Twelve Ques on Lake Wangjiangnan", written as a girl, is about the scenery of West Lake in Hangzhou. Describe the willow, mountain, girl, wine, water, flowers, wind, stone, moon, snow and grass on the lake respectively. Now choose a song: "The lake goes up the hill and bends in the mirror. The north and south peaks are clear, Wan Li. East West Tower locks the blue ring. Sweep like a cloud. It rained a little. Full sleeve emerald red spots. Half of the stone pedal is smoke. Roman deeply protects this river. I watched it for four days. " In the poet's view, all objective scenery has human modality. Such as: "a bend in the mirror." Realistically wrote the reflection of Zhongshan in the West Lake; "Sweeping like a stone sideburns" imitates the charming posture of beautiful women dressing up in the mirror; "Full Sleeves of Green Red Dots" imitates the beauty of the color when the mountain flowers are in full bloom, with beautiful women's clothes; The next two sentences objectively describe the beautiful scenery of Deng Shi and Shan Jian. This set of words fully shows that the girl Shen Yixiu has a high literary accomplishment.
Shen Yixiu is good at writing ci, whose artistic conception is beautiful, elegant and graceful, and melancholy. Her words are full of sadness and bitterness, such as "complaining about mountains and mountains, leaving Hong Chao as a mirror, which makes people feel lost." As a sentimental woman, she is good at observing life with poetic heart, paying attention to herself with poetic eyes, expressing rich sadness with elegant sentences, decorating feelings and hearts with sad and euphemistic words, and suppressing sadness and silent sadness, which makes her works unique in poetry. For example, "Recalling the King's Grandson": "There is a dream green on the horizon. Willow covers road-side pavilion. The oriole on the branch resented the loss of English. Takayama Hiroshi I can't fly freely. " Ci is immersed in an ethereal dream, and the poet pursues the grass in the dream. She passed by Liuting, secretly revealing the meaning of farewell, and expressing her dream yearning for love through grass. The oriole on the branch resented the departure of the British. Youth dies while waiting, but there is no sweetheart. The meaning of "resentment" has to be revealed, but the poet wrote about the resentment of the oriole, not his own resentment. The continuous mountains mercilessly block the sight and distance of pursuing wanderers. Women can't see the wanderers in the distance. When they are helpless, they see the clouds that can walk freely in the air, lamenting that they can't float across the distant mountains like flying clouds to find wanderers. The whole poem is subtle in meaning and expresses the thoughts of the wanderer very implicitly, full of twists and turns. The feelings in the poem are full of twists and turns, thinking comes from spring, complaining comes from thinking, and ups and downs. Dream, fragrant grass, long and short pavilions, orioles, distant mountains and flying clouds, these aesthetic images, under the guidance of dreams, work together to form a distant and touching emotional atmosphere. With elegant brushwork, smooth technique, dignified and elegant expression of feelings, elegant and elegant at the same time with the melancholy of wanting to say goodbye, rippling in people's hearts.
Shen Yixiu's poems are graceful and charming. Such as "Huanxisha Chun Qing": "Light and shadow pick up the sky. Waist as soft as Liufei cotton. Play the flute and be idle in front of the screen. The poem is half broken, and there are many birds and apricot flowers. The night is cold and red, and the swing is wet. " In spring, you pick up the jade feather to decorate your femininity and charm, and the sound of "playing the flute leisurely in front of the screen" symbolizes the harmonious life of the husband singing with the woman, and the word "leisure" makes the unspeakable sadness and helplessness hard to hide. The first and second sentences in the next chapter are ingenious: write poems because of grass cutting, and birds crow because of apricot blossoms. Showing a hazy melancholy, with a classic image: vanilla, conveying a woman's graceful state of mind. Poetic scenery and images such as light shade, fine grass, apricot blossom, cold dew at night, dry and wet in autumn exude elegant breath, and women's sad emotions flow, while the image of flute grass hides women's emotions in the desire to show and hide. Wan Jun's words are elegant and smart. She is good at depicting elegant and exquisite scenes with beautiful lyrics, and integrating her feelings with the scenery and environment, injecting deep affection, so that the scenery in her words is spiritually and vividly intertwined with her inner feelings. Lively and agile emotional appeal keeps the whole poem flowing, so her poems are beautiful, colorful and graceful.
In a word, Shen Yixiu's ci is the fusion of elegance and beauty, profundity and agility. Beautiful timbre and graceful style express the inner temperament and charm, calm and hilly, gentle and charming with a strong desolate atmosphere. With elegant feelings, elegant beauty and elegant style, she laid the basic image, style and paradigm of Wu female poets' creation and became the backbone and leader of Wu female poets. (The author is currently working in a university in Yunnan)
These poems are selected from Shao Zhong's poems. Don't be sad when the storm comes, and the sky will die. Since my return, I have sent five quatrains and answered them according to rhyme. At that time, I was in tears.
From the pavilion, trees reflect the Long March, and smoke waves send the journey.
Heartbroken only by a thousand miles of dreams, covering the mountains is more ruthless.
The lotus pot is fascinating, and the pillow is painted with a silver screen.
Xiao suo's half-spring sorrow is over, and the wind and rain are crying.
Chunbie
In front of the curtain, the waning moon is windy at five o'clock, and sails are set on the river.
Guest Lu Yun with the distance, temples in the mirror sigh.
Suochoufangcao went around Qian Shan to send Wan Li, who hated singing, with him.
Don't teach Huang Ju cold smoke until the autumn water is green.
Wang Jiangnan muqiu
The grass by the river, in my opinion, is sad. Lejin is not lonely, but it is difficult to find an old one. Wild burning and strong winds.
Go to Hu Die and ask the date of return. A cold moon swings old, and home is wrong several times. Empty remorse.
Hua Lian Ganhuai
It is still small on the branches of Hanmei. Last night, the east wind bypassed the field again. Dreams break the screen window and sing birds, and there is no reason to worry constantly.
But I hate the outside of curtains. Who knows the time and pulse in sadness? In an empty mood, the grass is still growing along the steps