"Moonlight Night on the Spring River", praised by Mr. Wen Yiduo as "the poem among poems, the peak on the peak" ("The Self-Redemption of Palace Poems"), has attracted countless readers for more than a thousand years. The fall. Zhang Ruoxu, who only left two poems in his life, also because of this poem, "the single poem is unique, but it is for everyone."
The title of the poem is fascinating. Spring, river, flowers, moon and night, these five things embody the most moving beauty of life, forming a wonderful artistic realm that is tempting to explore.
The poet started to ask the question, and the question came up at the beginning of the poem, outlining a magnificent picture of the moonlit night on the spring river: the river tide connects to the sea, and the moon and the tide rise. The "sea" here is a virtual reference. The Jiang Chao is vast, as if connected with the sea, and is magnificent. At this time, a bright moon rises with the tide, and the scene is spectacular. The word "生" gives lively life to the bright moon and the tide. The moonlight shines thousands of miles away, and there is no spring river that is not illuminated by the bright moon! The river winds around the spring wilderness full of flowers and plants, and the moonlight shines on the flower trees, as if sprinkled with a layer of white snow. The poet is really a master of painting. With a single stroke, he can paint the strange "flowers" in the moonlit night on the spring river. At the same time, the theme of "Spring River Flowers and Moonlight Night" was cleverly fulfilled. The poet's observation of the moonlight is extremely subtle: the moonlight has washed away the colorful colors of all things in the world, and dyed the world into a dreamy silver color. Therefore, "the flowing frost cannot be noticed" and "the white sand cannot be seen". Only the bright and bright moonlight exists. The delicate brushstrokes create a mythical and wonderful realm, making the moonlit night on the Spring River look particularly beautiful and tranquil. These eight sentences, from big to small, from far to near, the pen and ink gradually condense on a lonely moon.
The clear and clear heaven, earth and universe seem to make people enter a pure world, which naturally arouses the poet's reverie and meditation: "Who first sees the moon by the river? When did the moon on the river shine on people for the first time?" "The poet's thoughts leap forward, but they are closely connected to life, exploring the philosophy of life and the mysteries of the universe. This kind of exploration has also been explored by the ancients, such as Cao Zhi's "Song Yingshi": "There is no end in heaven and earth, human life is like morning frost", Ruan Ji's "Yong Huai": "Life is like dust and dew, the path of heaven is long and long", etc., but the poetry The theme is mostly about the eternity of the universe and the brevity of life. Zhang Ruoxu came up with something unique here. His thoughts did not fall into the stereotypes of his predecessors, but came up with new ideas: "Life is endless from generation to generation, and the river and the moon are only similar every year." Personal life is short and fleeting, and human life is fleeting. Existence is long-lasting, so the life of "infinite generations" and the bright moon "only similar every year" can survive. This is the relief that the poet feels from the beauty of nature. Although the poet is sentimental about the short life, it is not decadence and despair, but due to the pursuit and love of life. The tone of the whole poem is "sad but not sad", which allows us to hear the echo of the sound of the early Tang Dynasty.
"I don’t know who the river moon is waiting for, but I see the Yangtze River sending flowing water." This is closely followed from the previous sentence "only similar". Life goes on from generation to generation, and the moon and the river are like this year after year. A lonely moon hovers in the sky, as if waiting for someone, but it can never do so. Under the moonlight, there is only the rapids of the river, rushing away. As the river flows, the poem creates waves, pushing the poetry to a deeper realm. There is hatred in the river and the moon, while the flowing water is ruthless. The poet naturally shifts his writing style from the natural scenery in the first half to the images of life, which leads to the separation and sorrow of the lovesickness of men and women in the second half.
The four lines of "White Clouds" are always written in the spring river on a moonlit night, the longing of a woman and a wanderer in two places. "Baiyun" and "Qingfengpu" express feelings through objects. The white clouds are floating, symbolizing the uncertainty of "Bian Zhouzi". "Qingfengpu" is a place name, but "Maple" and "Pu" are often used in poems to express farewell to scenery and places. The two sentences "whose home" and "where" are intertwined. It is precisely because more than one family and one place has the sorrow of separation that the poet raised such a question. A kind of lovesickness brings out the sorrow of separation in two places, one after another. The poetry is full of twists and turns.
"Spring River Flowers and Moonlight Night" is an old title of Yuefu's "Qing Shang Ciqu·Wu Sheng Songs". Zhang Ruoxu's proposed work "Spring River with Flowers and Moonlight Night" surpasses all others in skill and has been passed down through the ages with its extraordinary artistic charm. It can be said that Zhang Ruoxu gave "Spring River with Flowers and Moonlight Night" fresh artistic vitality. Wang Kaiyun's "On the Origin of Various Schools of Tang Poetry - Answers to Chen Wanfu's Questions" says: "Zhang Ruoxu's "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night" uses the style of "Xizhou", which is unique and unique. Li He and Shang Yin took advantage of its freshness; Song Ci , Yuan poetry, as its tributaries." It made an accurate evaluation of the origin, influence and status of the "Spring" poem, and highly praised it. Modern poet and scholar Wen Yiduo also gave a high evaluation to "Spring River with Flowers on Moonlit Night", "This is a poem within a poem, the pinnacle of peaks."
After repeatedly pondering on "Spring River with Flowers on Moonlit Night" During the analysis, I deeply felt its charm. I believe that a poem, especially a good poem that can be encountered but not sought, is itself a form of expression of life, and this form of expression of life is reflected in "Spring River Flowers on a Moonlit Night". 》 has been fully demonstrated.
Zhu Guangqian said in "On Poetry", "Poetry is a reflection of life, and the realm of every poem must have two elements: interest and imagery." Zong Baihua also said: "The artistic conception is The crystallization of emotion and scenery (imagery).
"So what is the sentiment expressed in "Moonlight Night on the Spring River"? How does it integrate with the imagery of the poem to form the artistic conception of the poem and create the reader's aesthetic feeling? I use the following structural formula to express " The structure of the poetic artistic conception of "Spring":
The beauty of nature, philosophy, beauty of human emotions
The color of the moon, the question of the moon, the feelings of the moon} The soul of the moon (meaning)
( (Image) (reason) (emotion)
"Spring River with Flowers and Moonlight Night" includes the most beautiful scenery in life. Spring, night, river water, flowers, trees, and the bright moon form a beautiful and beautiful picture. , among which spring, rivers, flowers, and night are just the background, and the bright moon is the image that the poet strives to exaggerate. In the poem "Spring", the image of the moon is beautiful and pure. Wherever the moonlight shines, everything is tainted with that purity and tranquility. , embodying the beauty of the artistic conception of the moonlit night on the spring river.
The moonlight in the poem "Spring" is very broad and beautiful, "The tide of the spring river reaches the sea level, and the bright moon rises on the sea, shining with the waves." "Thousands of miles away, there is no moon on the spring river." A bright moon rises slowly from the spring river. This image is so broad and beautiful that it makes people hold their breath in the face of magical creation. Under the bright moonlight, The rippling water, the grassy fields, the flowers and trees covered with frost and snow, the silvery beach, everything is so pure and beautiful, mysterious and hazy
The poet is in the moonlight of the river and the sky. Next, the heart becomes clear and pure, and there is a spiritual communication between the heart and nature. The great poet Qu Yuan once wrote "Heavenly Questions", which expressed mankind's endless exploration of the natural universe. More than a thousand years later, Zhang Ruoxu also wrote. It raises questions about the universe, which fully reflects the unique "cosmic consciousness" of Chinese poets. Mr. Wen Yiduo once emphasized the cosmic consciousness reflected in the poem, believing that "in the face of the magical eternity, the author can only be stunned and have no vision." , no sadness" (Wen Yiduo's "Miscellaneous Comments on Tang Poetry·The Self-Redemption of Palace Poetry").
I think this is inaccurate. The eight sentences in the poem "Spring" that sigh and ask about the moon, on the one hand It reflects the natural tranquility, profundity, vastness and vastness of the universe. However, in the poet's heart, although the river and moon exist forever, they are always the same, monotonous, without change, without life, just monotonous repetition; although life is short, as a Human beings as a group continue to multiply from generation to generation; as an individual, the joys and sorrows of life are rich and vivid, as Shen Congwen said, “For all natural scenery, I can silently comprehend their own existence and the subtlety of the universe. When we are in a relationship, everyone feels the solemnity of life" ("Water Cloud"). After feeling the conflict and contradiction between eternity and ephemerality, infinite and finite, the poet cast his affectionate eyes on the enviable life, and this life The essence of "love" is "love".
The poet closely adheres to "Spring River Bright Moon", and various poetic meanings are generated by the river moon. You can feel it from the sentence "The poor moon wanders upstairs, it should shine on the dressing table." The wanderer's love for his missing woman and his guilt for not being able to accompany her, and "cannot be rolled away", "whisked back", and "may the moonlight shine on you" delicately depict the missing woman's obsession and resentment. The moonlight is annoying, but yet I daydream about being able to be with the wanderer across time and space just like the moonlight. How touching, how devoted, and how persistent this affection is! In contrast, the eternity and infinity of nature in the universe are empty and indifferent, while life full of joy and trouble is rich and beautiful. Love and worries are woven into a colorful life. Although it is small, it is real and tangible. This is people's affirmation of the value of survival and the embodiment of optimistic and upward will to life.
The last eight sentences are disappointing. Time is passing, years are getting older, and the day to go home is far away. The waning moon is setting in the west, and the waning moon will disappear into the sea. Under the bright moon, how many people can return to a warm home? Home is also the power that poets use to compete with nature. "I don't know how many people will return by the moon, but the falling moon shakes the trees all over the river with love." What the author affirms is a short, small but beautiful and rich life, which made me deeply moved in my aftertaste. When writing about landscapes, many poets often lament the eternal existence of nature and the short-lived prosperity. They often choose to follow the latter in the sharp contrast between life and nature, finiteness and eternity. The eternal natural landscape is higher than the fleeting prosperity of the human world, emphasizing the importance of life. However, in "Spring River Flowers on a Moonlit Night", the poet envies the wanderers returning home on a moonlit night, but what appears in his imagination is a warm and real home. Wanderers in the great era are not rootless duckweeds. Faced with the helplessness of not being able to stay together in life, and the confusion of eternity and transience, finite and infinite, a sense of belonging is needed to contend with it. This is "home". "The meaning of the image.
From the poet's description of the moonscape on the Spring River to his rational exploration of the universe, and then to his admiration for life, the moon is always used as an object of observation. As the moon rises and sets, nature is flowing, time and space are changing, poetry moves from the universe to the heart, from rational inquiry to emotional expression, creating the psychological feelings of God and Yueyou, achieving a perfect fit of taste and imagery. As Goethe heard: "Once the artist grasps a natural object, that object no longer belongs to nature, and it can also be said that the artist is creating that object at the moment he grasps the object, because he takes it from the object. Something with meaning, distinctive features, and attractions makes the object of higher value.
"(Zhu Guangqian's "History of Western Aesthetics") The successful grasp of the image of the bright moon comes from the poet Zhang Ruoxu's love for life, from the poet's contradictory and confused heart, self-reflection and profound pursuit of the human spirit.
In Chinese traditional aesthetics, the emphasis on emotion is consistent. "Mao's Preface to Poems" says that "emotions are moved in words and expressed in words." Lu Ji believes that "poetry is based on emotion and is exquisite." For poetry, emotion is the most important thing. It is the essence of poetry. Zhang Ruoxu's "Spring River with Flowers and Moonlight Night" is infinitely affectionate, and it can be said that it does not lose its innocence. This is also the charm of the poem "Spring River with Moonlight Night". The author was Zhang Ruoxu in the early Tang Dynasty. At the beginning of the Kaiyuan Dynasty, he, together with He Zhizhang, Zhang Xu and Bao Rong, were known as the "Four Scholars of Wuzhong". He left few works to future generations, and only two of them remain in "The Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty". "Moonlight Night on the Spring River" is also the most famous one. It is said to be "a single poem that dominates the entire Tang Dynasty" and established Zhang Ruoxu's immortal position in the literary history of the Tang Dynasty.
This poem also writes about spring. , rivers, flowers, moon, night and various related scenery, and the moonlight unifies all the scenery, and uses the various scenery to contain philosophy and deep feelings, forming a hazy, deep and wonderful artistic realm, which makes people endlessly explore and have endless fun. .
The whole poem can be divided into two major paragraphs. "The Yangtze River sends flowing water" is the first paragraph, which triggers philosophical thinking about the universe and life with the beautiful description of spring, river, moon and night. , showing the broad vision of "the tide of the spring river reaches the sea level, and the bright moon on the sea rises with the tide". The word "生" personifies the bright moon; the word "***" emphasizes the natural connection between the spring river and the bright moon. The river flows for thousands of miles, and the moonlight follows the waves for thousands of miles; the river flows around Fangdian, and the moonlight shines on the flowers and forests like sleet. In short, the moonlight and the river waves reflect each other. Wherever there is a spring river, there is a bright moon. How sentimental the poet is standing on the river! Bankside, looking up at the bright moon, I couldn't help but wonder, "Who by the riverside saw the moon for the first time?" When did Jiang Yue shine on people? " question. Naturally, the poet could not answer this question involving the creation of the universe and the origin of human beings. So he turned to "Life is endless from generation to generation, and the river and the moon are only similar every year. I don't know who the river and the moon are waiting for, but I see the Yangtze River sending flowing water." The universe is eternal, and the bright moon is always there; but human life, as an individual, is so short! However, as a whole, it is passed down from generation to generation, so it can exist with the bright moon. "When did the moon shine on people at the beginning of the year?" But since its "first shine", it has shined on one generation after another. The poet compared the eternity of the bright moon with emotion at the rapid changes in life. However, thinking of the endless life of human beings, he also Being illuminated by the bright moon, she felt a sense of relief. From this, she made further explorations: Could it be that the "lone moon" always shining on the Yangtze River was waiting for her lover but she had not yet waited for him? This led to the association of "waiting for others" in the river moon. , turn to the next paragraph. "Lonely Moon" is "treating others", let alone wandering and missing my wife. The poet then uses his imagination to express the feelings of missing and looking at each other.
Imagine "who is traveling in a boat tonight", passing by "Qingfengpu" by the river, seeing "the white clouds go leisurely" and feeling the wandering "sorrow", and then missing "where is the moon tower"? Judging from the word "ying" in "Zhao Li Ren's dressing table", the following lines of "Poor moon upstairs" are all words imagining Bian Zhouzi in the poet's imagination." He imagines how his wife misses him: The wife looks at the moon and cherishes her, and the person dies. No, so I am afraid of seeing the moonlight. But she can roll up the "jade curtain", but not the moonlight; she can brush the "clothing anvil" clean, but not the moonlight. "At this time, we look at each other but do not hear each other." However, the moonlight that shines all over the world can illuminate the husband, so the fantasy of "May the moonlight shine on you" arose. It was of course impossible to follow the moonlight to see my husband, so I tried to ask the geese and carp to carry the letter according to ancient legends. However, the geese flying hard could not fly out of the light of the bright moon; the leaping carp could only stir up ripples on the water. Next, the poet's imaginary "Bian Zhouzi" misses his home and his wife, and dreams are formed from his imagination. He saw falling flowers in his dream and realized that most of spring had passed and he had not yet returned home. Watching with helpless eyes, "The rivers are flowing with spring, and the rivers and lakes are melting and the moon is setting in the west." Time continues to pass, and my youth and longing also disappear. However, Jieshi, Xiaoxiang, water and mountains are far away, how can I take advantage of the moon to return home? The whole story ends with "The falling moon shakes the trees all over the river with love", which is touching and swaying with emotions. From "A Piece of White Clouds" to this point, I write about the lovesickness of a wanderer and a missing woman, dyed and highlighted by spring, rivers, flowers, moon and night. Imaginations are part of imagination, dreams are part of reality, minds and objects are intertwined, scenes are intertwined, and time and space are superimposed. , The virtual and the real complement each other, thus achieving the artistic effect of wandering, lingering, full of words and endless meaning. There are thirty-six sentences in the whole poem, and every four sentences change rhymes, alternating between flat, up, and down, with cadences and ups and downs, adapting to the changes in content, with broad implications and melodious rhyme.
This poem has been highly praised by poetry critics since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The third volume of Hu Yinglin's "Shisou·Inner Edition" says: Zhang Ruoxu's "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night" is smooth and graceful, and it comes from Liu Xiyi's "Pulsatilla". "Zhong Xing's "Return to Tang Poems": "Refining the five characters of spring, river, flower, moon and night into a strange light is a true chemical craftsmanship! "Lu Shiyong's "Mirror of Tang Poetry": "The subtle emotions are vague and thoughtful, and most of them are surprising with a sense of suspense. "Wang Yaoqu's "Comprehensive Interpretation of Ancient Tang Poems" says: "Emotions and prose are intertwined, each is beautiful, bizarre, unpredictable, and truly a strange system! "Wen Yiduo's "The Self-Redemption of Palace Style Poems" is even known as the poem among poems, the pinnacle of the pinnacle."
The title "Moonlight Night on the Spring River" is an old title of Yuefu's "Qing Shang Qu Ci. Wu Sheng Songs". This tune was created by Chen Houzhu, and its main feature is its beauty and softness.
This long song line is set on a moonlit night on a spring river as the background. It integrates painting and poetry with an understanding of the mysteries of the universe and the philosophy of life, creating an exquisite and thorough poetic realm that blends scenes.
"The tide of the Spring River reaches the sea level, and the bright moon on the sea is full of tides." The poet first writes from the beautiful scenery of the Spring River on a moonlit night. In the moonlight, the vast and transparent and pure Spring River scenery shows the wonderful magic of nature. . While feeling the infinite beauty, the poet can't help but think about the universe and life. "Who by the river sees the moon for the first time? When does the moon on the river shine on people first? Life has been endless from generation to generation, and the moon on the river is just the same every year. I don't know who the moon on the river is waiting for, but I can see the Yangtze River sending water." Infinite time and space, infinite life, show a A vast and deep consciousness of the universe, but time flies by like water and never comes back. At this time, the poet fell into infinite sadness and confusion. So next, starting from "The white clouds are gone leisurely, and there is no sorrow on the green maple pond", it begins to describe the parting and farewell emotions of a wanderer in the world who misses his wife. The poet's faint sadness is integrated into the bright and quiet poetic environment. This sadness gradually changes with the moonlight and the flow of water. Finally, the whole poem ends with "I wonder how many people will return home by riding the moon? The falling moon shakes the trees all over the river with love." The poem is full of affection and nostalgia, making readers fall into deep thought about the universe and life. The poem "Moonlight Night on the Spring River" has beautiful, vivid, vivid and philosophical language. It integrates real life experience into beautiful images, creating a clear and pure poetic artistic conception. Especially "Who first saw the moon by the river? When did the moon on the river first shine on people? Life has been endless from generation to generation, and the moon on the river is only the same every year. I don't know who the moon on the river is waiting for. But I see the Yangtze River sending water.
"A few sentences have become a masterpiece through the ages and have been passed down by future generations!