Seeing friends off in the mountains, Chai Men is half hidden at sunset.
Spring grass will grow green next year, my friend, will you come back?
Appreciate:
This poem "Farewell in the Mountain" did not write a farewell scene from the pavilion, but was ingenious and chose a completely different point from ordinary farewell poems.
The first sentence of the poem, "Friend, I have watched you go down the mountain", tells the reader to say goodbye at the beginning, and uses a seemingly unemotional word "ba" to brush off the farewell scene and feelings. Here, from farewell to sending away, we skipped for a while. The second sentence, "I still closed my thatched door until now", was written during the day when pedestrians were sent away, and it took longer. What are the feelings and thoughts of the people who saw me off during this time? When the poet cuts life into poetry, he cuts it all out as a dark field.
Anyone who has experienced parting knows that the moment when pedestrians are about to leave is really depressing, but a sense of loneliness and disappointment often becomes more and more intense in the evening after parting. There must be a lot to write in this most difficult moment of parting and sorrow; But only one gesture of "Gai Chai Fei" is written in the poem. This is a very common thing that mountain people do at dusk every day, and it seems to have nothing to do with the farewell during the day. The poet links these two unrelated things together, so that the repeated actions every day show different meanings from the past, thus expressing feelings between the lines and seeing sadness between the lines. Readers will see the lonely expression and melancholy mood of the people in the poem; At the same time, I will also think: Night falls after sunset. After the closure of Chai Men, how will this long night be spent? The blank left outside this sentence makes people daydream infinitely.
Three or four sentences in the poem "The grass turns green again in spring, but ah, my friend Prince, what about you?" From Song of the South. Recruit a hermit, "Wang Sun wanders away, spring grass grows and grows". However, Fu lamented that the wanderer had been gone for a long time, and these two poems would never come back when they broke up with pedestrians. Tang Ruxun summed up the content of this poem in the Interpretation of Tang Poetry: "The title of the poem is hidden in the dusk, and people think far; Sometimes the grass is green and pedestrians are hard to return. " And "difficult to return" is one of the reasons for "deep thinking". As a question, "return" should have been raised to pedestrians at the time of parting, but it floated to people's hearts here when pedestrians had gone and closed at dusk, becoming a suspense that no one cared about. This is not the usual farewell speech, but the heartfelt expression after "farewell", which shows that the people in the poem are still shrouded in thoughts until dusk. Although I just broke up, I am looking forward to coming back soon, but I am afraid that I will not come back for a long time. As I said before, there are two periods from farewell to farewell, from "farewell" to "shielding Chai Fei". Here, I bid farewell to the evening of Sunday, think of the spring grass in the coming year, and ask if I will come back then. This is another jump from now to the future, and the jump time is longer.
Wang Wei is good at extracting seemingly ordinary materials from life and expressing deep and sincere feelings in simple and natural language, which is often fascinating. This is the poem "Farewell in the Mountains".
To the north of the Great Wall is a blue mountain range, and to the east is a white waterline [1].
Here, you must leave me and drift away for hundreds of miles like loose grass.
Floating clouds are like wanderers, like wandering, and the sunset slowly goes down the mountain, which seems to be nostalgic.
We waved goodbye and my horse kept neighing.
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This is an affectionate farewell poem. The author expresses the meaning of farewell by describing the farewell environment and rendering the atmosphere.
The first couplet points out the place of farewell. The poet and his friends came to the city side by side and looked up. There was a touch of green hills across the north of the city and a bay of clear water gurgled around the east of the city. This is a scene, but full of emotion. The distant castle peak is out of reach, which leads to a trace of dismay and reveals the poet's helplessness in leaving at present; The flowing water around the city seems to be a symbol of continuous separation and gurgling. This couplet "Qingshan", "Baishui", "Northland" and "Dongcheng" are arranged neatly, and "green" and "white" set each other off, and the whole painting is beautiful. The word "horizontal" is used to write the stillness of the castle peak, and the word "around" is used to write the movement of white water, which is also quite accurate.
The following two sentences are about love. The poet described his friend's wandering life with a lonely canopy, saying: If you leave here, you will float thousands of miles away like loose grass dancing with the wind. These two sentences express the poet's deep concern for his friends, and they are written smoothly and naturally, with sincere feelings.
The tie "I will think of you in the clouds, so think of me in the sunset" shows the broad background of parting: a white cloud is floating away on the horizon, and a red sun is slowly falling to the horizon. At this point, this scene makes people more sad and painful to leave. These two sentences "floating clouds" to "sunset" and "wandering" to "old human feelings" are also neat and to the point. Poets not only write landscapes, but also skillfully use "floating clouds" to compare friends. He is like a floating cloud on the horizon, with uncertain whereabouts and everything. Who knows where he will drift? Infinite concern for natural overflow. And the red sun in the west ended so slowly, and I was reluctant to throw the last light into the white water of Qingshan, as if reluctant to leave abruptly. And this is the symbol of the poet's mood at the moment!
Write the parting scene in the last two sentences. Poets and friends immediately waved goodbye and greeted frequently; The two horses seem to be connected with their master's heart and honk their horns from time to time. Although the poet did not directly say his feelings of parting, the horse could not bear the bitterness of parting and raised his mane and neighed. What a shame!
This poem is written naturally and brightly, with warm feelings. The green mountains, clear water, fiery sunset and white clouds in the poem, together with Ma Changming at work, constitute a vivid picture, full of infinite warmth and touching feelings.
To annotate ...
[1] Guo: Outer city.
[2] Others: Others.
[3] solitary crown; A kind of flying canopy, its roots are broken after withering, and it often flies with the wind. Wan Li levy: Take Wan Li Road.
[4] Rustle: A?vagho?a sound. Ben: respectively.
Farewell to the viceroy and go to Shu for his post.
Bo Wang
Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river.
We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions.
After all, the world is just a small place.
If you don't do anything wrong, the child will get wet with towels.
Appreciation of Shu's Farewell to Du DuDu
Parting is a common theme in ancient poetry. The traffic was inconvenient in ancient times. Once separated, it is difficult to meet again, and even communication is not an easy task. Therefore, in these farewell poems or other poems left behind, it is inevitable that they will be stained with sadness and sadness. In Jiang Yan's Beppu, the so-called "those who forget themselves just leave" was indeed true in ancient times. However, we cannot generalize. Other poems written by the ancients also have bright and optimistic works. The famous poem "Farewell Du to Shu" by the poet in the early Tang Dynasty is such a good poem.
Wang Bo, Zi 'an, is from Longmen, Jiangzhou. 14 years old, he should be mentioned. He became the master of a dynasty's prose, Lang He, but he was soon demoted. So he lived in Shu, once served as a soldier and committed a capital crime. Fortunately, he was pardoned, but his office was lost. His father was dragged down by him and reduced to a toe order. He crossed the ocean to visit relatives, but unfortunately he drowned. Only 25 years old.
Farewell to the viceroy to Shu was written by him when he was in Chang 'an. "Shaofu" is a general term for county commandant in Tang Dynasty. The name of this shaofu is Du, and he is going to take office in Sichuan. Wang Bo gave this poem to him in Chang 'an.
"Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river." The first two sentences point out the place of farewell and the whereabouts of pedestrians respectively. "City Que" refers to the capital Chang 'an, and Que is the watchtower on both sides of the palace gate. "Sanqin" refers to the vicinity of Chang 'an. After Xiang Yu destroyed Qin, he divided the original territory of Qin into three kingdoms: Yong, Sai and Zhai, and made three generals of Qin king, which was called "Sanqin" in history. "Surrounding Sanqin District by this wall" means that the capital Chang 'an is surrounded by Sanqin. "Wujin" is where Du Shaofu is going. Sichuan Minjiang River has five ferries from guanxian to Qianwei, such as Baihuajin and Wan Li Tianjin, which are called "Wujin". Chang 'an is the place where the poet and Du Shaofu parted, and the castle and palace are magnificent and vivid. Du Shaofu leave here, nature is reluctant to go. What about Zhou Shu? Thousands of miles away, it's foggy, and at first glance, it's hard to avoid some melancholy. These two sentences set off the farewell feeling between the traveler and the sender by comparing the scenery near and far.
This friend, named Du, worked as a small official like a county commandant in Beijing, and came to office thousands of miles away. I'm afraid he is a very frustrated intellectual. Wang Bo himself is not proud of being an official. When they go out of Beijing and look at Wujin, their feelings will naturally communicate with each other. "We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials ran counter to each other." These two poems wrote the feelings between two people. The general idea of these two sentences is: you and I are both people who travel far to be officials. You go to Zhou Shu, and I'll stay in Chang 'an. Although going and staying are different, the meaning of farewell at this moment is the same! These two sentences show sincere feelings, sincere attitude, and a caring tone. They are naturally revealed between the lines and are very touching.
Five or six sentences suddenly turned the pen and comforted the friend who was about to travel: "However, as long as China maintains our friendship, heaven will still be our neighbor." It means: after we broke up, although we live far apart, we don't have to be sad. There are intimate friends in the sea, even if they are far away, they are like close neighbors. The last two sentences go one step further and say, "It's wrong to do nothing. The child is wet with a towel." It means, don't be sad because of parting on the way, just like those young men and women, don't want Lacrimosa. The above four sentences are from Wang Biao on a White Horse by Cao Zhi. When Cao Zhi and his younger brother Cao Pi separated, they wrote: "The husband is full of ambitions, and Wan Li is still close." He also said: "Worry has become a disease, and nothing is a child's benevolence!" But Wang Bo's poems are more concise and vivid.
Farewell to Lieutenant Du to Shu is a well-known poem, especially "However, China has our friendship and heaven is still our neighbor", which is often quoted by people. This poem is optimistic and cheerful, without the usual sadness and sadness of farewell poems. I think this is an important reason for its popularity. Its mood is consistent with the economic and cultural prosperity in the early Tang Dynasty and the spirit of the times of the rise and development of feudal society.
Simplicity is the artistic feature of this poem, and it is also its advantage. From the Qi and Liang Dynasties to the early Tang Dynasty, the flashy and gorgeous poetic style has always occupied the dominant position in the poetic world. Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo and others reversed the poetic style of Qi Liang and created a new atmosphere of poetry creation. Wang, Yang, Lu and Luo, also known as the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, have an important position in the history of China literature. Du Fu said in Six Poems: "Wang Yang was thin and light at that time. Second, Cao's name is ruined, and he does not waste rivers and mountains. " Du Fu said that those who laugh at the "Four Masters" can only "die with their names", while the "Four Masters" are like rivers flowing forever, and their good names will never die out. Du Fu's admiration for the "Four Masters" is not excessive. Take Wang Bo's poems as an example. Instead of piling up words and allusions, it expresses a magnificent mind in simple language. However, there are warnings in simplicity and consideration for friends in rhetoric, which is by no means smooth and boring. The poet should comfort Du Shaofu and persuade him not to be too sentimental. However, he didn't persuade him as soon as he came up, but first used the description of the environment to set off his farewell mood, indicating that he was an official traveler like him, so he could best understand his feelings of leaving his relatives and friends to seek an official position. Then, it goes on to say that high mountains and flowing waters can't stop the spiritual and emotional communication between intimate friends. "However, when China keeps our friendship, heaven is still our neighbor" becomes the warning of the whole article. It was not until the end that someone advised him not to be too sad when he broke up. How tactful it is to write like this! Du Shaofu will feel kind, and his lingering feelings will be untied.
Appreciation of Li Bai's A Gift to Wang Lun
Li Bai was about to go by boat when he suddenly heard singing on the shore [1].
Peach Blossom Pond is as deep as that in Wang Lun, a few thousands of feet.
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Li Bai wrote 100 poems about drinking, according to my unchanging habit all my life. According to Yuan Mei's Addendum to Poems in the Garden, Wang Lun, a complete stranger, wrote to Li Bai and invited him to visit Jingxian (now southern Anhui). The letter enthusiastically wrote: "How is your husband? There are miles of peach blossoms here. Is it delicious, sir? There are thousands of hotels here. " Li Bai left happily. See Wang Lun is a hero of Jingchuan, hospitable and charming. So I asked where the Taoyuan Restaurant was. Wang Lun said, "Peach blossom is also called pool water, but there is no peach blossom; Wanjia, the owner's surname is Ye Wan, there is no Wanjia Hotel. " Li Bai smiled and said, Leave for a few days and write down the poem as a farewell when you leave.
Obviously, this poem was blurted out by Li Bai, which naturally became wonderful, so it has been read by people all the time. However, because it is as natural as life, people often know what is wonderful, but not why. There are still some comments on three or four sentences of the poem by later poets, but the first two sentences are colloquial and straightforward. In fact, combined with the above background, the first two sentences are also extremely successful.
"Li Bai will go by boat" means that I will leave Taohuatan by boat. Spoken English simply flowed out without thinking, showing a natural and unrestrained manner of coming on impulse and returning after excitement.
The words "suddenly smell the song on the shore" and "suddenly smell" show that Wang Lun's arrival is really unexpected. I heard it before people arrived. From the warm and hearty singing, Li Bai expected that Wang Lun must have come to see me off.
This farewell shows that Li Bai and Wang Lun are both informal, happy and free people. In the secluded mountain village, there is no complicated etiquette sent by the upper class. Wang Lun didn't seem to be at home when Li Bai left. Wang Lun came back and learned that Li Bai had left. He immediately rushed to the ferry with wine to say goodbye. Li Bai, who left without saying goodbye, is free and easy and not polite; Wang Lun, who is singing farewell songs, is also generous and enthusiastic, and won't let the children touch the towel. In just fourteen words, they wrote down their optimistic personality and their informal friendship.
Perhaps it is because their thoughts and temperament are in harmony that Li Bai is cited as a homonym and Wang Lun's friendship is cherished. Affection, hence to the beauty of the peach blossom pool, affectionately to sing a way:
"Peach Blossom Lake is deep in thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun."
Combined with the situation here and now, these two poems seem to blurt out and have natural feelings. Poets often use the depth of water to compare the depth of people's feelings. For example, Wang Lun's friendship is really as deep as a pool of stagnant water, but it is generalized and smacks of poetry. The current writing is like two friends saying goodbye by the boat. One is "I advise you to have another glass of wine" and the other is "one glass after another". Li baijiu is full of passion and flying in the air. He raised his glass to the running water at his feet and said, "Peach Blossom Pond, not to mention how deep you are, is not as deep as Wang Lun's friendship!" There is a naive and natural interest in the prospect of spoken language and eyes, which vaguely shows the great poet's uninhibited personality. Therefore, Shen Deqian of A Qing Dynasty said, "The love of Wang Lun is a common language, if compared with the love of thousands of feet. The wonderful place is just in a transition. " (Tang Poetry)
When the ancients wrote poems, they generally avoided calling them by their names, thinking that they had no taste. However, this poem begins with calling one's own name and ends with calling the other's name. On the contrary, it is sincere, kind, free and easy, and very affectionate.
"Clear water produces hibiscus, and carving is natural." Later generations love to use Li Bai's words to evaluate Li Bai's poems, which is very learned. It is true that Li Bai's improvisation of poetry is effortless. He is passionate, outspoken, naive and unpretentious, but he has an unexpected beauty. "Seemingly ordinary and strange" is dazzling and unremarkable, and this kind of kung fu is extremely difficult to learn. The above poem "To Wang Lun" embodies Li Bai's natural and delicate poetic style.
The traditional proposition of China's poetry is implication. For example, Yan Yu, a poetic theorist in the Song Dynasty, put forward four taboos in writing poetry: "The language should be straight and the meaning should be shallow. Avoid dew in the pulse, and the taste is short. " Shi Buhua, a poet in A Qing, also said that poetry "should not be expensive". However, the expressive characteristics of Li Bai's above poem are: frankness, directness and few words. Its "straight language" and its "pulse dew" are not shallow, but its "meaning" is stronger. Its "straightness" contains feelings, and the true feelings flow from the depths of the soul, so it is very artistic. Thus, the literary phenomenon is complicated. There are also various artistic techniques that cannot be "static".
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