Through comments, we can further consolidate the relevant knowledge of ancient poetry and improve the basic ability of appreciating poetry and solving problems.
2. Process and method
Through comments, the ideas and methods to solve the problem of poetry appreciation are further clarified.
3. Emotional attitudes and values
Analyze the poet's thoughts and feelings, evaluate the poet's views and attitudes, cultivate students' interest in ancient poetry, let students accept the influence of ancient poetry and cultivate their aesthetic ability.
Teaching focuses on consolidating the relevant knowledge of ancient poetry, clarifying the ideas and methods of solving poetry appreciation questions, and improving the problem-solving ability of poetry appreciation questions.
Teaching methods, cooperation, exploration, evaluation and teaching.
Teaching time
This topic has 6 class hours. Among them, lecture 4, exercise 1, comment 1.
teaching process
Lesson 65438
Test site analysis
Interpretation of examination syllabus
The outline shows the distribution of test sites.
1. Appreciate the image, language and expression skills of ancient poetry.
2. Evaluate the ideological content of ancient poetry and the author's attitude.
① Appreciate the imagery of poetry.
② Understand the meaning of words in poetry. Appreciate the language style of poetry.
③ Appreciate the expressive techniques of poetry.
4. Summarize the central idea of poetry. Analyze the ideological tendency in the author's poems.
Images include the image of the hero, the image of the poet, the image of the scene and the image of artistic conception.
Language includes taste characters and clear style.
Expression skills refer to expression methods, expression skills, writing structure, material selection, rhetorical methods, etc.
Evaluation includes the evaluation of content theme, thoughts and feelings, and the evaluation of the author's views and attitudes.
Dialysis of test site
Appreciate the image of poetry
The image of poetry works refers to the artistic image of people, events and natural scenery with certain ideological and artistic appeal formed by poets according to various phenomena in real life, so as to contain the author's life ideals and thoughts and feelings. Characters, events, natural scenery and specific living environment in poetry works are all images. For narrative poetry, "people" and "things" in poetry are images; As for poems describing scenery, "scenery" and "things" in poems are images; For lyric poetry, the lyric hero (either a person or a thing) in the poem is an image.
The image in poetry not only refers to the image of characters (including the image of the poet "I"), but also refers to the image of scenery depicted in poetry.
1. Hero image
That is, the characters described in the poem.
Quiet Girl: depicts the image of a young couple. Young men are passionate, simple and honest, while young women are beautiful, lively, smart and playful.
Liu Yong's "Rain Bell": describes the infinite sadness when leaving the woman he loves and the continuous affection of acacia after leaving, and creates an artistic image of love and hate. "Meng" created a hard-working, kind and sober heroine image;
Peacock flies to the southeast: Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing struggling with feudal parents' production.
Wang Changling's "Out of the Frontier" created the image of frontier soldiers who were loyal to the motherland and dedicated to the frontier fortress.
2. Poet image
The image of the poet "I", that is, the image of the lyric hero, is actually the "poetic author" and the author's "spokesperson" in the poem. In ancient poetry, there are generally the following types of images.
(1) The image of arrogance.
Such as "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream": "How can I solemnly bow and scrape to those dignitaries who will never suffer, and give them an honest face?" It shows Li Bai's thought of being indifferent to wealth and disdaining powerful people, and creates an image of not admiring powerful people and being uninhibited.
(2) the image of worrying about the country and the people.
Such as Du Fu. "Between Andrew's mansion and ten million rooms, all the poor people in the world are smiling. Alas, when I suddenly see this house, my house will freeze to death alone? " Poets don't just stay in personal sorrow, but can push themselves and others, showing the character of worrying about the country and the people.
(3) The image of a hermit who cares about mountains and rivers and lives in seclusion in the countryside.
For example, Tao Yuanming. "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan" shows a leisurely seclusion life, showing the poet's dislike of officialdom and his love for the countryside; For example, Wang Wei's "Mountain in Autumn Night" expresses his love for landscape scenery by describing the scene of new rain in the empty mountains in late autumn.
(4) the image of talent and ambition.
Like Chen Ziang. On the tower of Youzhou, it says: I didn't see the king of the saint, and after that, I didn't see the teacher of the saint. I feel sad and cry at the thought of the vast universe. It created the image of an intellectual with an empty mind serving the country and the people, but he could not show it.
(5) Determined to serve the country, generous and cynical image.
Such as Lu You and Xin Qiji. Many poems of the two poets reflect their feelings of loyalty to the country and being ignored. Such as Xiuzi, The Wind and Cloud of November 4th and Broken Array.
(6) The image of friends seeing off and missing their hometown.
Such as Li Bai's A Gift for Wang Lun and Wang Wei's A Holiday in the Mountain Thinking of My Shandong Brothers.
3. Landscape image
For example, the hills, birds, old forests, pond fish and old gardens in Tao Yuanming's Returning to the Garden, the yellow flowers, phoenix trees, drizzle and dusk in Li Qingzhao's Slow Sound, and poems such as lakes, mountains and idyllic mulberry forests. In ancient poetry, we pay attention to the mode that "all scenery words are sentimental words", so when we appreciate the image of scenery or things, we often associate it with the image of the poet. The two are consistent.
4 pictures
Image is a unique term for analyzing and studying poetry, and "meaning" refers to the poet's subjective feelings; "Image" refers to the objective image felt by the poet, and "image" is the image in the mind and integrated into the image felt by the poet. For example, Jiang Xue of Liu Zongyuan said, "There are no birds in hundreds of mountains, and there are no footprints in thousands of paths. A boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in the cold river-snow. " In this poem, Qianshan Mountain, birds, solitary boats, lonely people, cold rivers and snow are no longer simple images, but images of the poet's emotions-unyielding, arrogant and full of subjective feelings. It is these unique images that fully express the poet's lonely, angry and stubborn thoughts and feelings. Poetic imagery is the basis of composing beautiful poems, and it is also the basis of readers' aesthetic evaluation of poems.
5 artistic conception
The so-called "meaning" refers to the poet's thoughts and feelings, which are typical feelings formed on the basis of knowing and understanding real life, and are "sense" and "emotion"; The so-called "scenery" is the specific scenery described by the poet, that is, the vivid picture of life, which is extracted from a large number of real life and has rich artistic images. "Artistic conception" is a touching artistic realm created by the combination of the author's "true feelings" and objective scenery. The artistic conception of poetry is a concentrated expression of the beauty of poetry and a prominent artistic feature of poetry.
The difference between image and artistic conception: the scope of artistic conception is relatively large, usually referring to the realm caused by the whole poem, several poems or one poem; Image is only some concrete and tiny units that constitute the artistic conception of poetry. Artistic conception is like a complete building, and image is just some bricks that make up the building.
Example 1 Read the following words and complete the question 1-2.
Niannujiao? Su Shi's homesickness in Chibi
The surging river flows eastward, and those heroes of the past are gone forever. To the west of the old base, there is a rich collection of people: Chibi, Zhou Lang, where the three countries stand. The steep rock wall, like thunder waves lapping against the river bank, waves like rolling up thousands of snow. The majestic rivers and mountains are picturesque, and many heroes emerge at once. Looking back on Zhou Yu's spring breeze era, young and beautiful Joe just married him, and he was full of heroic spirit. Feather fan nylon scarf, laughing and laughing, strong ashes. I am wandering in the battlefield today. I feel a feeling heart and give birth to white hair prematurely. Life is like a dream, sprinkle a glass of wine to pay tribute to the bright moon on the river.
1. "The rocks are empty, the waves beat on the shore, and thousands of piles of snow are rolled up." What kind of pictures do you draw?
2. What are the characteristics of Zhou Yu's image in Ci? How does the author feel when portraying the image of Zhou Yu?
Analysis:
1. "What kind of picture is depicted" is completed by first translating the meaning of the poem, then summarizing the content of the poem, and then explaining its characteristics or functions.
2. This question is to examine the characters and their functions. Deduct the word "heroic". Feather fan nylon scarf, laughing, strong ashes, "can summarize the characteristics of the image." Poets write historical figures to express the author's own thoughts. According to the characteristics of the characters described by the poet, the author's real intention can be inferred.
Answer: 1. It depicts an ancient battlefield scene, with towering stone walls, rough waves and heavy snow. Write the river bank first, then the river. Chaos writes that the peaks stand on the wall and the cliffs are steep; "Toukong" describes the momentum of mountains towering into the clouds, and the word "Jing" personifies the momentum of huge waves; "Pat" the power of Jiang Tao, patting the river bank and making a sound; "Volume" writes that the river waves are surging and the image is true; "Thousands of Snow" is a metaphor for a thousand waves, colorful and spectacular.
2. Zhou Yuru will be romantic, calm, chic and decisive in command. The poet praised Zhou Yu for her extraordinary courage to express her feelings that she would be over half a year old and accomplish nothing.
Example 2 Read the following two poems and complete questions 3-4.
Chrysanthemum yuanzhen
In autumn, the bushes, like Taoist priests, are more and more inclined around the fence. It's not that chrysanthemums are favored among flowers, but that this flower is even more flowerless.
Chanyu Shinan
Drink clear dew, and the stream will sound like a sparse tree. Cicada is far away from cicada because cicada is on a tall tree, not relying on autumn wind.
3. The two poems are about "Chrysanthemum" and "Cicada" respectively, so does the situation described by the author have its intention?
4. How is the author's image displayed in two poems?
Analysis:
3. It is common sense that chanting poems do not directly reveal the poet's thoughts and feelings, but use metaphors, symbols and personification to integrate the poet's ideals and personality into one thing. It is a method to analyze the poet's real intention according to some characteristics described in the poem.
4. Poetry chanting things often uses self-description, self-metaphor and self-comparison to express their spiritual realm and personality characteristics.
Answer: 3. Although the titles of these two poems are Chrysanthemum and Cicada respectively, the original meanings of these two poems are different. In Chrysanthemum, the poet's noble and flawless character is expressed through the noble and pure quality of chrysanthemum. In "Cicada", the author uses a cicada that "drinks too much" to express his kind of "good history is true", not "the power of the east wind", and shows the world that he is upright and clean, and can be famous far and near without outside help.
4. Through the image description of "Chrysanthemum" and "Cicada", the author's image is self-evident. In poetry, the author seems to be beyond the images of "chrysanthemum" and "cicada", but in fact, "this flower is even more flowerless"; In the sound of cicadas, we can fully appreciate the author's lofty moral integrity.
Example 3 Read the following Song Ci and answer question 5.
Talk about the land tour in your heart
In those days, Wanli sought a seal, and one horse guarded Liangzhou. Where is the dream of closing the river, the dust darkens the old mink and fur. The Hu people are still alive, the temples are frosty in autumn, and the affectionate tears are dry. Who would have predicted this? Heart in Tianshan Mountain, old in Cangzhou.
5. Briefly analyze the characteristics of this word.
Analysis: the way to analyze characters is: what kind of image; Analyze images in combination with poems; The meaning of image.
A: The poem describes an idle image of an anti-Golden hero. The characters in the poem once galloped on the battlefield, but now they are abandoned, but they still have the ambition to serve the country and are attached to the golden front. Through the shaping of this image, poetry expresses the feelings of unfulfilled ambition and no way to serve the country.
Second, appreciate the language of poetry
The language of appreciating poetry is mainly words and sentences, prosodic format and poetic eyes. It is also necessary to understand the language style of poetry and grasp the language characteristics of poetry, so as to improve the level of language appreciation.
1. Taste the words
(1) Refine vivid words
Catch the refined words. The so-called refining words is to temper the words of poetry to make it vivid, vivid, concise and vivid. When writing poetry, the ancients paid great attention to refining words, because the keywords tempered by the author are often the places that can best express the feelings of poetry and reflect the art of poetry language. These words are generally verbs, adjectives, numerals and adverbs.
(1) vivid words. Use concise words to express rich connotations. Such as Li Yi's "Night Cry on the Wall":
The sand in front of Lefeng is as white as snow, and the moonlight outside the city is like autumn frost. I don't know where the bleak reed flute blows and I look at my hometown all night.
The word "do" in the poem means "all", and it is used to write endless homesickness without exception. Such as Lin Sheng's "Title Lin 'an Mansion":
When did the West Lake stop singing and dancing? Warm winds make tourists drunk and make Hangzhou a continent.
On the surface, the last two sentences of this poem mean that those tourists who feast by the West Lake are intoxicated by the fragrant wind and enjoy themselves. In fact, the word "drunk" shows the shameful faces of those who have forgotten their motherland. They not only lost their ambition, but even their backbone. This word embodies the author's emotions and anger.
Pay special attention to the third word of the five-character poem and the fifth word of the seven-character poem. And experience the poet's art of "refining words" according to poetry.
(2) Words combining static and dynamic. For example, Wang Wei's "Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains": the bamboo language laundry girl returns, and the lotus leaf bends in front of the fishing boat.
The words "noisy" and "moving" in the poem set off the static scene with the moving scene, which made the realm deeper and deeper, thus better expressing the poet's quiet inner world.
Three words, turn static into dynamic. Such as Zhang's "Mountain Slope Sheep? Tongguan nostalgia ":
The peaks are like gathering, the waves are like anger, and the mountains and rivers are like Tongguan Road. It is a pity to look at western capital. Sad Qin and Han dynasties, ten thousand palaces have been made of earth. Xing, people suffer! Death, people suffer!
The words "ju" and "nu" in the song change from static. The mountain was originally static, and the word "gathering" was used to show the dynamic of many peaks and mountains gathering together. "
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