Article/Shushan Flowers Bloom
?Original poem
Yuan An is trapped in the snow and cannot do anything. When Ruan Gong saw the money coming in, he immediately abandoned his official position.
Cuoshan has room temperature, so pick it up and drink it in the morning. Isn't it really hard work, and the fear is not hunger and cold.
The rich and the poor are often at war, and the way to victory has no regrets. As far as Deguanbanglu, the Qing Festival reflected Xiguan.
Others add trouble.
When Duke Ruan saw someone giving money, he quit his job that day.
You can also keep warm by spreading some hay and straw, and you can make a breakfast by picking some wild rice.
Isn’t it really hard and difficult, but the worry is not about hunger and cold.
Poverty and wealth are often at war in the heart. If morality prevails, there will be no frown.
Yuan An's virtue is an example for the village, and Ruan Gong's integrity shines on Xiguan.
Meng Erdong's "Translation and Annotation of Tao Yuanming's Collection", p196
Yuan An's poverty hinders the accumulation of snow, and he does not pray for peace of mind. When Ruan Gong saw someone coming to bribe him, he abandoned his official position and returned home that day.
Hay can be used as a bed to keep warm, and taro is enough for breakfast. Isn’t it really too hard? Worry about betrayal is not hunger and cold.
The hearts of the rich and the poor are always at war, but moral victory brings a smile. Yuan Ande has set an example, and Ruan Gong’s integrity reflects Xiguan.
?Explanation
Meng Erdong's "Translation and Annotation of the Collection of Tao Yuanming", p195
This poem praises the poor Yuan An and Ruan Gong, commending the upright and honest , The moral integrity of living in poverty and adhering to the law.
Zhang Yan's "Modern Commentary on Tao's Poems", p138
Tip: The poet Tao Gong praised Yuan An and Ruan Gong for their noble virtues and extraordinary integrity. Of course, this is all straightforward Confucian thought of "affording poverty and adhering to the Tao". How should we view this kind of people and this kind of ideology today? It's worth discussing. Can we treat it in a "dichotomy": what should be demoted, what can be suppressed, what can be promoted, and you can speak freely. On the basis of learning and cultivating skills, people have different opinions.
"The Essence of the Chinese Poetry Garden: Tao Yuanming Volume", p152
This poem highly praises Yuan An of the Eastern Han Dynasty for adhering to poverty and Duke Ruan's noble character of refusing bribes and resigning from office.
Liu Jicai's "Translation and Interpretation of Tao Yuanming's Poems", p217
This poem praises the qualities of Yuan An and Ruan Gong: one is that he would rather be trapped than disturb others, his noble character and integrity; One is the noble and honest person who immediately abandons his official position when he sees someone bribing the government. Then it explains that what the poet fears is not hunger, cold and poverty, but the thought that he will not be able to establish his reputation. To gain wealth and glory, but to lose one's reputation and reputation is more terrible than hunger and cold. Therefore, what this poem focuses on is not necessarily the "old facts" of Yuan An and Ruan Gong, but the poet's own experience in seclusion, and the poet's own experience in resolving inner conflicts. In the ideological struggle between the rich and the poor, we can achieve the lofty purpose of "the Tao prevails without regrets", that is, not to be bothered by poverty and suffering, and to persist in observing the Tao and cultivating reputation and enjoying ourselves. The first four lines of this poem describe the self-restraint and integrity of Yuan An and Ruan Gong, and the middle four lines describe the state of poverty and not being afraid of it despite suffering, which is the poet's comment. The last four sentences describe the poet's exclamations and praise for them. Its composition is slightly different from the previous one. It can be seen that Tao's poetry is eclectic.
"Dictionary of Appreciation of Tao Yuanming's Poetry and Prose", p153
There was a scholar named Yuan An in Ruyang (now Shangcai, Henan) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. One day in winter, there was more than ten feet of snow on the ground. The Luoyang County magistrate came out for inspection and saw that every household came out to clear the snow, and some people were begging for food. When the county magistrate came to Yuan An's gate, he saw snow piled up on the gate. He thought that Yuan An had died of cold and hunger, so he ordered people to remove the snow and went in. He saw him lying stiff inside, and asked him why he didn't go out to beg. Yuan An replied: " It’s snowing heavily and most people are hungry, so I can no longer ask for help.” The county magistrate thought that he was a wise man and recommended him as Xiaolian. It is also said that in ancient times, there was a man named Ruan Gong who "seeing the money coming in" abandoned his official position and went into seclusion that day. The first four sentences of this poem tell the stories of two sages, and the two sentences at the end of "the second" correspond to "How can I comfort my heart, I have so many such sages in ancient times." It is a pity that Ruan Gong's story has been lost for a long time and is only in Tao Qian's book. There are some traces left in this poem, and it is difficult for future generations to know the details. There are two possibilities for "seeing money coming in". One is that someone gave money to Mr. Ruan for no reason, and he kept himself clean and immediately crowned him. The other is that Mr. Ruan was forced to work as an official to provide for himself. Enter), that is, abandon the official position and leave. Judging from the context of Tao Qian's life and poetry, the latter possibility is more likely.
Ju, Tongdao, wild grass. The old notes all say that the poor man borrowed straw for his horse to lie down on, gathered wild grass to eat, and was content and happy for a long time. A closer look at the poetic meaning shows that "the cud dish has room temperature", which obviously corresponds to the sentence "Yuan An was trapped in the snow", and "picking Juzu for dinner" should be in response to Ruan's official duties, which means that after he abandoned his official position, he often picked it in the wild. Crops are for food. "Chang" and "zu" are intertwined, which means that although the two sages were suffering from hunger and cold, they knew that "sufficiency" was always "happy". Since it is difficult to explain Ruan Gong's affairs in detail, it is not unreasonable to interpret them as a combination of Yuan and Ruan's affairs and chant them. However, it should not be used as a general description of poor people as the old note said. "Isn't it?" The two sentences are intertwined. The first sentence asks, isn't the life of the second master difficult? The answer to the next sentence is not that it is not painful, but because what they are worried about is not hunger and cold. So what's the worry? The two sentences "rich and poor" are full of meaning.
It turns out that people do not have material desires in their hearts. The two desires of being in poverty and seeking wealth are always at war with each other. Er Gongan, a poor man, loves Taoism and defeats material desires with morality. Therefore, although he eats cud for selfish purposes, he is always happy and contented, without any trace of sadness or displeasure. . So the poet couldn't help but marvel at the beauty of the two. Their supreme morals and their cleanliness and integrity are the best among the same kind. Of course, they will be admired by all generations. "Guan Bangjian" should correspond to the first and second sentences of Yuan Anzhi lying in a shabby alley, so "Ying Xiguan" should correspond to the third and fourth sentences of "Ruan Gong" who resigned from office, so we can know that Ruan Gong is Xiguan Ruan Gong. "Zhide" and "Qingjie" have mutual meanings, integrating the two classics into one, and linking the whole article.
Although the whole poem is about poor people, it reads with high morale and high-spirited strength. This is not only because the purpose of the poem is to win from the Taoist viewpoint rather than lamenting the poverty of the old; but also because of the differences in the way the poem is written. Jianjin.
Since Cao Zhi and other Jian'an poets, they have attached great importance to the beginning of poetry, which is known as "work at the beginning". This poem inherits this technique. Just imagine, if the two canons change their positions, and Ruan Gong abandons his official position and takes the front position, his anger will not rise. Now Yuan Andian is in the forefront, and the snow reflects the high scholars, and then he is "too young to be able to do it", a kind of arrogant attitude that is poor but strong, and has a disdain for the world. It is so impressive on the paper that it has the potential to be high-spirited as soon as it is written. The free opening and closing, the simple structure of pauses and setbacks also enhance the power of this poem. There are two knots at the beginning and the end, and it is obvious that they echo each other from afar. The words "Zhi De" and "Qing Jie" at the end of the knot further refine and sublimate the connotations of the arrogant images in the first two canons and four sentences, reaching a far-reaching spiritual realm; The key to this sublimation is in the middle four sentences. "Chu Cai" and "Cai Ju" are two separate canons, and the two words "Chang" and "Zu" intertextualize each other, starting from narration to discussion, from separation to combination; and then the two sentences "Qi Bu" are used to combine questions and answers. It is one, and turns to poetic meaning, leading to the meaning of Tao Sheng. At the end, it is divided into two things, and "Zhi De" and "Qing Jie" complement each other and reach a higher level. This structure shows the power of opening and closing escapement in Tao Shi's consistent smoothness. So that the overwhelming spirit can be fully expressed in the separation and combination, and the power of nature can be shown in the frustration. The high-spirited and dynamic style is also the main feature of Metabolic Lingyun poetry, but Tao's poetry leaves no trace at all and is left to its own devices, which is better than Xie's poetry.
The natural and appropriate use of allusions also enhances the richness of the poem. Yuan and Ruan's two classics respectively describe the two ends of cold and hunger. They are already very sophisticated, and what's even more wonderful is that they are in line with the poet's own actions. In his later years, Tao Qian lay hungry for several days. Jiangzhou governor Tan Daoji ordered people to feed him wine and meat, but the poet rubbed it away. Although it is difficult to determine the time of writing the poem, it can be seen that although Tao Qian was ill in his later years, he did not ask for help easily, especially It is the character to ask for help from people in Vanity Fair. From this we can also infer the profound meaning of Ruan Gong's canon. The preface to "Returning to the Words" once recounted his experience in seclusion: Because his family was poor and farming was not enough to support himself, he resigned himself to serving as an official in a small town. After serving as an official for more than eighty days, he resigned and returned to seclusion. According to Mao Yi, a high-ranking scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, he did not choose to serve as an official because his family was poor and he was close to the elderly. Once his mother passed away, he would not serve in the official position. Zhang Feng praised this and said that he had to sacrifice himself for the sake of his relatives. Ruan Gong's affairs should be similar to this, and Tao Qian used it to meet his original aspirations when he became an official. Therefore, although the two songs are about hunger and cold, they are from the present to the past, especially the depth of emotion. In the second half of the poem, the literal meaning is very clear, but in fact it also uses two canons. "What we fear is not hunger and cold" is from "Zhuangzi": Yuan Xian lived in the basil and cooked for two days. , said, "That's right, it's your son's disease!" Yuan Xian replied, "It's about being poor, it's not a disease." Yuan Xian didn't regard poverty as a disease, and later generations called it "worrying about the road but not about poverty." "What you fear is not hunger and cold" is exactly what it means. The two sentences "rich and poor" are from "Han Feizi": Zixia said, "We saw the righteousness of the previous kings, and we saw wealth and honor. The two warred in the chest, so we were dazzling (thin); now we see the righteousness of the previous kings defeated, so we are fat." "Tao wins without Qi Yan", it is the state of gaining weight after victory, with a broad mind and a relaxed body. The two classics are advanced step by step from not worrying about illness to Tao Sheng. The meaning is very profound, but it is expressed in simple language, giving the feeling of endless interpretation.
These are the factors that give this poem its majestic style.
The significance of the seven poems "Ode to the Poor Scholar" in the history of poetry is very noteworthy. From the perspective of poetic style, it combines Ruan Ji's "Ode to Huai" and Zuo Si's "Ode to History". Zhong Rong calls Tao's poems " It originates from Yingqiu, and it also cooperates with Zuo Si's wind power." Combined with "Ode to the Poor Man", it can be seen that the style of Jian'an Zhengshi was inherited from Jin to Song Dynasty. Looking back at Tao Qian's other works, we can see that, as Zhu Xi said, Tao's poems are actually bold and unrestrained under the plainness, "but they are so bold and unrestrained that they are not noticeable." ("Zhu Ziyu Lei" Volume 140). Therefore, this type of poetry is the key to unlocking the relationship between Tao poetry and Jian'an style.
Judging from the organization of the poems, although the group of poems did not originate from Tao, but such as Ruan Ji's "Yong Huai" and Zuo Shi's "Yong Shi", the poems are juxtaposed and are a combination of similar themes. The seven poems of "Ode to the Poor Man" are divided into parts, echoed from beginning to end, and connected in a coherent context. They push the form of poetry to a new level and set the precedent for later works such as Du Fu's "Eight Poems on the Rise of Autumn". (Zhao Changping)
Financial Ding's "Newly Revised Annotations of Tao Yuanming", p114
Explanation: This poem is a tribute to Yuan An's noble character of not asking for anything from others despite being in poverty. Ruan Gongjian He also pointed out that with the idea of ??being content with poverty and enjoying life, one can overcome the desire to get rich.
Editorial Comment: Volume 4 of Qiu Jiasui's Dongshan Thatched Cottage Poems and Notes: It is also based on his imagination that this paragraph of wisdom can be deduced. Is it possible that Yuan and Ruan had this story?
Volume 9 of Shen Deqian's "Original Poems": "What you fear is not hunger and cold" and "What you enjoy is not poverty", which can be found on the right side of the book seat.
Wen Runeng compiled the "Review of Tao Poems": "The Tao wins without Qi Yan" is the true skill of Tao Gong. Throughout the ages, the sages who were in poverty but calm and content all used the Tao to win.
Yan Zi lived in a shabby alley and did not change his joy. Confucius praised him as a virtuous person. Commentators said that the pottery master in Confucius should be able to have the same true joy as the return of Chang Kong. Believe it!
Excerpts from "The Collection of Tao Yuanming" || (101) "Seven Poems about the Poor" (Part 4)