Ruling area
When it was strong, its ruling area was adjacent to the Northern Wei Dynasty of the Yellow River in the Qinling Mountains in the north, the Daxue Mountain in Sichuan in the west, including Yunnan in the southwest, and Hengshan and Lin Yi in central Vietnam in the south.
Brief introduction of royal descent
Song Wudi
Emperor Wu of song (363.4. 16—422.6.26), whose name was Deyu, sent slaves to posthumous title. My ancestors were from Pengcheng (now Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province) and later moved to Jingkou (Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province). The founder of the Song Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties was called Song Wudi. China is an outstanding politician, reformer, great strategist and commander-in-chief.
Great-grandfather Liu Dongjin crossed the river and lived in Jingkou. His father, Liu Qiao, was a county magistrate Cao and died young. Liu is very poor. He lives by firewood, fishing and selling shoes. He used to be the champion of the northern government soldiers, Sun Wuji. In the third year of Longan (399), the former general Liu Laozhi joined the army, then suppressed the Sun En Uprising (see Sun En and Lu Xun Uprising), became a tired official, became a general of Jianwu, and became a magistrate of Pixian County. Huan Xuan relied on his father's ancestral wealth, seeking to seize state affairs. In the name of Sima Daozi and Yuan Xian, he became king in Jiankang, dismissed Liu Laozhi, an old general of the northern government, and promoted Emperor Wu of Song to suppress the rest of Sun En in the southeast coast. Emperor Wu of Song showed deference to Huan Xuan, and at the same time, he stood together in the northern government soldiers to resist.
After Huan Xuan forced Andi to abdicate and usurp the gold, in the third year of Yuanxing (404), 27 people including Emperor Wu of Song, He Wuji and Tan rose from Jingkou, killed Huan Xiu in Jingkou Town, and defeated Huan Xuan the following year. Huan Xuan retreated to Jiangling (now Hubei) with Andy, and was defeated by the northern government soldiers under the command of Liu Yi. Andy returned to Jiankang for restoration. In order to quell the chaos, Emperor Wu of Song added Shi Zhong, and entered the No.1 car to ride the general and the Kaifu instrument with the third division, and the town of Jingkou. In the fourth year of Yixi's reign (408), he entered Beijing to assist the government and monopolized the power of North Korea.
The Xianbei Murong Nanyan regime, which occupied Shandong, invaded the border of the Eastern Jin Dynasty many times when it was in decline and chaos. In February of the fifth year of Yixi, Murong Chao plundered the Huai River, and Emperor Wu of Song led an army to the Northern Expedition. In April, the rate of water army from Jiankang north, along the Huaihe River, the greater Xi 'an (now Mulingguan, Yishui North, Shandong Province), the following year, the capital of Southern Yan, Optics Valley (now Yidu Northwest, Shandong Province), recovered Qingzhou and Yanzhou, captured Murong Chao alive and beheaded Jiankang. In seven years, Lu Xun was suppressed. In the past eight years, Liu Yi, who "can't survive, will eventually become a heresy", Zhuge Changmin and Sima Xiuzhi, the imperial clan of the Jin Dynasty, who may pose a threat, were eliminated, the alien forces were eliminated and the rear area was consolidated. In nine years, Qiao Zongxi attacked and Bashu recovered. In the twelfth year, Yao Xing, the master of the late Qin Dynasty, died of illness, and his son Yao and his brother killed each other, disturbing Guanzhong. Emperor Wu of song took the opportunity to lead the army in four ways to explore the late Qin dynasty and tackle key problems. Crossing the Yellow River, defeating the northern Wei army, entering Luoyang and Tongguan the following year. He ordered the general to take Chang 'an directly, and Yao Hong surrendered. Later, Qin died. Jin Jun recaptured Chang 'an, and Han Chinese who had been ruled by ethnic minorities for a hundred years rang gongs in succession. At this time, due to the death of Liu, the minister who stayed in the imperial court, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was afraid that the regime would fall into the hands of others, so he left his second son in Chang 'an, assisted by and hurried back to Jiankang. Chang 'an left-behind troops fought internally, and Helian Bobo, the master of Xia Dynasty, seized Guanzhong. Although Liu Yizhen was forced to withdraw from Chang 'an, from the east of Tongguan to the south of the Yellow River to Qingzhou, it was the territory of the Southern Dynasties, and the Jianghuai basin was guaranteed, which Zu Ti, Huan Wen, Xie 'an and others failed to achieve for nearly a hundred years.
After Liu Yuna went back, he also appointed Song Gongjiu as Prime Minister Xi. After Andy's death, Emperor Gong acceded to the throne, recruited him into the store and made him King of the Song Dynasty. In the second year of Emperor Gongdi Yuanxi (420), Song Wudi proclaimed himself Jin, with the title of Song, and changed to Yuan Yongchu. Before and after he proclaimed himself emperor, he paid attention to frugality, rectified the chaos in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, suppressed the strongmen, killed Diao Kui in Jingkou, and distributed Diao's vast land and a large amount of family wealth to the poor. Later, he killed Yu Liang, an anonymous Yuyao ethnic group, in an attempt to limit the merger. Abolish part of the wasteland to relieve the people, prohibit powerful people from closing mountains, continue to break ground according to boundaries, and let the northern overseas Chinese who have settled in Jiangnan pay taxes and serve, thus streamlining overseas Chinese counties. He also reduced the punishment, personally tried the lawsuit, promoted the school, and tried the scholars in various counties. The agricultural production in the south of the Yangtze River was restored and developed, which laid the foundation for the situation of "self-protection and multi-benefit, surplus grain living in mu" in the Yuan-Jia period (424 ~ 453).
Song Shaodi Liu Yifu
Liu Yifu of Song Shaodi (406 -424 AD) was the second emperor of the Song Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. Che, the eldest son of Emperor Wu of Song Wudi, ascended the throne in the third year of Yong (AD 422), with the title of Jingping (AD 423).
When Liu Yifu was in office, he was rude in mourning and was good at doing things. In the second year of Jingping, assistant minister Xu Xianzhi, under the guise of the Queen Mother, abolished it as King Yang Ying and was immediately killed.
Liu Yilong, Song Wendi
Song Wendi Liu Yilong (407-453) was the third emperor of the Song Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. Che Er, the third son of Emperor Wu of Song Wudi, ascended the throne in 424 and reigned for 30 years. His title was Yuanjia, Emperor Wendi of posthumous title, and his temple name was Taizu.
In the first year of Yongchu (420), Yidu King was granted. After the death of Emperor Wu of Song, Prince Yi Fu succeeded to the throne (that is, Song Shaodi). Because of indulging in games, Yu Jingping was deposed (later killed) by assistant minister Sikong Xu Xianzhi in May of the second year (424), and the Lord named Liu Yilong, then the secretariat of Jingzhou, as emperor and renamed Yuan Jia. At the same time, Xie Hui became the secretariat of Jingzhou, in charge of the army.
Liu Yilong is proficient in classics and history, good at official script, deep and resourceful, but sick and suspicious. He can't stand that the minister is good at repealing legislation. In the third year of Yuanjia (426), he killed Xu Xianzhi, Fu Liang and Xie Hui, and became king on his own. In the sixth year of Yuanjia, due to illness, Liu Yikang, king of Pengcheng, reigned. Liu Yikang was appointed as Si Tuleideng, and recorded the history of history. Later, he led Yangzhou secretariat, was promoted to general, devoted himself to the power of the DPRK, and swept the world. He once killed the famous Tan Daoji.
In the seventeenth year of Yuanjia, Liu Yilong killed Liu Zhan, the leading general who was acclaimed by Liu Yikang, and deposed Liu Yikang. He was granted Jiangzhou Secretariat instead, and went out of Zhang Yu (now Nanchang, Jiangxi). In the twenty-second year of Yuanjia, it was abolished as Shu Ren. In the twenty-eighth year of Yuanjia, the northern Wei army went south and threatened Jiankang across the river. Liu Yilong was afraid that Liu Yikang would take the opportunity of insurrection in the rear and ordered Liu Yikang to be killed. The killing of the royal family in the Southern Dynasties began.
In the eighth year of Yuanjia, the Song Dynasty's counterattack against the sliding platform (now hua county, Henan) was frustrated. Twenty-seven years, Wei Wudi Tuoba Tao mobilized 600,000 troops to attack Jiangnan. He led the army through Hangxuan (now Runan, Henan) and Xiangcheng (now Shenqiu, Henan), crossed the Huaihe River, took Guabu directly (now southeast of Liuhe, Jiangsu), and then retreated under the resistance of the military and civilians in the Song Dynasty. Jiangbei was destroyed by Wei Jun, and the national strength of Song Dynasty was weakened. Thirty years, killed by Shao. "The rule of Yuanjia" is over.
Emperor Xiaowu of Song Liujun
Emperor Xiaowu of Song Dynasty (September 430 19-July 464 12) Liu Jun, Han nationality. The word Xiulong, the small word Daomin. Song Wendi's third son, the temple name sai-jo. When Wuling King was founded, there were 2,000 restaurants. Later, it moved to Yongzheng secretariat and Yuanjia, which was Jiangzhou secretariat. As Jingzhou Jiangxia satrap, Yuzhou Xiyang, Jinxi, Xincai, Juntong and Confederate commander-in-chief, Liu Shao killed Song Wendi. He consulted with Jingzhou secretariat and Yongzheng secretariat Zang. In April of the 30th year of Yuanjia, in Xinting. The titles were "Xiao Jian" and "Daming", and Dai Faxing, Chao Shangzhi and Dai Mingbao, general managers of Zhongshu, were re-used to take charge of state affairs. There are also two ministers in the official department, who promoted Guiduan and Ban Renying film households to curb clans and strengthen autocratic monarchy. In the eighth year of Daming (AD 464), he died in the Jade Candle Hall of Jiankang Palace on May 23rd (12 July).
Before the Song Dynasty, Liu was abolished.
Liu was abolished before the Song Dynasty (449-465). Fine print mage. The eldest son of Emperor Xiaowu. In the eighth year of Daming (464), he ascended the throne with the titles of Yong Guang and Jinghe. The eldest son of Emperor Xiaowu. Liu's behavior is too dissolute. In November of the first year of Taishi (AD 465), the general and he plotted to kill Liu. But in order to distinguish it from the later abolished emperors, Liu called it "the former abolished emperor" and "the later abolished emperor".
Liu Mi in Song and Ming Dynasties
Ming Di (439-472) was born in Liu Mi, Han nationality. The glorious period of fine print. Temple number Taizong. Song Wendi's eleventh son. At the beginning, the king of Huaiyang was appointed, and the king of Xiangdong was changed. When the former dynasty abolished the emperor, it was the secretariat of South Yuzhou. When he entered the DPRK, he sent someone to assassinate the former emperor and became the emperor himself. Yu Tai died in the first year (472). He was good at reading when he was a vassal. He wrote Records of Articles Since Jiang Zuo, followed by two volumes of Wei Guan's Notes on The Analects of Confucius. At the beginning of his reign, Ren Xian used energy, so he was able to quell the rebellion in all directions. At the end of his reign, he was good at ghosts and gods, afraid of illness and medical treatment, and extravagant and unpopular, and the Song Dynasty declined from then on.
After the Song Dynasty, Liu Yu was abolished.
After the Song Dynasty, Fei Di (463-477) was a Han nationality. Hui Zhen, the eldest son of Ming Di in Southern Song Dynasty. In the first year of Yu Tai (472), he ascended the throne, which was cruel and easy to kill. If he doesn't kill anyone for a day, he will be unhappy. In the fifth year of Hui Yuan, General Xiao Daocheng and General Wang Jingze sent people to kill the king of Cangwu County.
Song Shun Di Liu Shu
Song Shun Di, born in 467-479 AD, was the third son of Emperor Song Mingdi, Zhong Mou. His mother was Zhao Hua from Chan Fat Yung, and his brother was abolished after the Song Dynasty. After Xiao Daocheng killed Liu Yu, he was appointed emperor. After three years in office, he was deposed by Xiao Daocheng and later killed.
Liu Shu was crowned King An Cheng, and Xiao Daocheng killed the emperor in July 477, welcomed him into Beijing, and succeeded to the throne in the same month, and changed his name to Ming Sheng.
Liu Shu was only 10 years old when he succeeded to the throne. Xiao Daocheng is in charge. After years of planning, Xiao Daocheng forced Liu Shu to abdicate in April 479. On this day, Xiao Daocheng asked Liu Shu to hold a meditation ceremony in the temple. Liu Shu was afraid of being killed and hid under the protection of the Buddha. Xiao Daocheng's best friend Wang Jingze led the army to take him away by force.
In May of the same year, the soldiers who were monitoring Liu Shu suddenly heard the pounding of hooves outside the door, thinking that something had happened, they hacked Liu Shu to death with one knife, and later lied that Liu Shu died of illness. Liu Zhun was thirteen years old, and posthumous title became Shun Di after his death.
Royal blood list
Emperor Wu of Song (420-422) proclaimed himself emperor for two years in 420.
Shaodi Liu Yifu (422-424)
Yi Long, Liu Wendi (424-453)
Emperor Liu Jun (453-464)
Former Emperor Liu (465)
Ming Di Liu Mi (465-472)
Liu Yu (King Cangwu) (473-477)
Shun Di Liu Shu (477-479)
Brief introduction of southern dynasties
The Southern Dynasties inherited the territory of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, covering the southern part of China-the areas south of Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River. Among them: Liu Song is the largest, and northern Xinjiang reaches the Yellow River; Chen Nan is the smallest, with only a small territory east of Jiangling and south of the Yangtze River.
Historical function
The Southern Dynasty was a court established by the Han nationality in the south after the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Although the four regimes in the Southern Dynasties existed for only a few decades, as the rule of the southern Han regime, they contributed to the spread of Han culture south of the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River. At the same time, big cities such as Jiankang, Huiji and Jiangling appeared in the south, and the industry and commerce in the south also developed. Therefore, the Southern Dynasties played an extremely important role in the history of China and objectively made indelible contributions to the development and spread of Chinese civilization.
The Southern Dynasties is an important period in the history of China's poetry. Shen Deqian in Qing Dynasty said in "Talking about Poetry": "By the time of Song Dynasty, the melody gradually faded, the melody was wide open, and the poem was transported once." Different from the poets in Wei and Jin Dynasties, the poets in Southern Dynasties paid more attention to sensory enjoyment and pursued the perfection and beauty of artistic forms. Liang Xiao-zixian said, "Don't seek innovation and change, don't be the first" (Biography of Southern Qi Literature), which is a theoretical summary of this trend of seeking innovation and change. The landscape poetry initiated by Xie Lingyun introduced natural beauty into poetry, making landscape an independent aesthetic object. His creation not only liberated poetry from Hyunri, but also strengthened the artistic skills and expressive force of poetry, which influenced the poetic style of a generation. Bao Zhao's Yuefu poems sang the voices of the poor, and his exploration and innovation in the art of poetry also had a very positive significance.
The appearance of landscape poems not only made landscape an independent aesthetic object, but also added a theme to China's poems and opened up a new poetic style in the Southern Dynasties. Following Tao Yuanming's pastoral poetry, landscape poetry marks the further communication and harmony between man and nature, and marks the emergence of a new natural aesthetic concept and aesthetic interest.
economy
Compared with the Northern Dynasties, the Southern Dynasties were more stable. Every dynasty carried out great economic development, which greatly increased the population of the south. In 464, the household registration of Song State was over 908,000, with a population of over 4.68 million. Huiji County and other developed areas have a population of 350,000.
During the Southern Dynasties, commerce and handicrafts in the south also developed greatly. In addition, the Minjiang River and the Pearl River Basin have also been preliminarily developed. The development of the south of the Yangtze River has had a far-reaching impact on China's economy, laying the foundation for the gradual shift of the economic center of gravity to the south.