A brief introduction to Liangzhou Ci:
"Liangzhou Ci" is the lyrics of Liangzhou Song, not the title of a poem, but the title of a popular song in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. During the Kaiyuan period, Guo Zhiyun, the Chinese ambassador to Longyou, collected a batch of western music scores and presented them to Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Xuanzong handed it to Jiao Fang to translate it into China's music score, sang it with new lyrics, and took the place names produced by these music scores as the title of the song. Later, many poets liked this tune and wrote new words for it. Therefore, many poets in the Tang Dynasty wrote Liangzhou Ci, such as Wang Zhihuan, William Wang and Zhang Ji, among which Wang Zhihuan's Liangzhou Ci, also known as Chusai, is the most famous. Liangzhou in ancient times is now Wuwei City, Gansu Province.
Second, take William Wang and Wang Zhihuan's Liangzhou Ci as examples:
1、
Wang Zhihuan edition
Academician Zhao Xuanhuang's rubbings Liangzhou Ci.
(Tang) Wang Zhihuan
The Yellow River is far above the white clouds.
Wan Ren is an isolated city.
Why should a strong brother complain about willow?
The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass.
William Wang edition
Liangzhou song
(Tang)
Wine luminous glass,
If you want to drink pipa, hurry up.
Don't laugh when you are drunk on the beach.
How many people fought in ancient times?
2. Appreciates the following:
1) Wang Zhihuan Edition:
Poetry begins with a description of the vastness and desolation of mountains and rivers, and bears the loneliness and danger of the defenders. The third sentence suddenly turns, introducing the sound of Qiang flute. The tune played by Qiangdi is "Folding Willow", which can't help but arouse people's sadness. This sentence is translated into Yuefu's "Cross Blowing Songs and Folding Willow Songs", "If you don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, you will fold Yang Liuzhi. Playing the flute on the bench, worrying about killing the traveler. " The custom of breaking willows to bid farewell flourished in the Tang Dynasty. "Liu" has a more direct relationship with parting. Therefore, people will feel sad not only when they see willow trees, but also when they hear the flute sound of "breaking willow trees". The sentence "strong enemy" is not about "smelling willow", but about "resenting willow", which is particularly wonderful. This avoids directly using the title of the song, and turns the board into life, which can trigger more associations and deepen poetry. Outside Yumenguan, the spring breeze is not strong, and the willows are not green. If you want to fold a willow to express your feelings, you can't. This is even more embarrassing than breaking a willow to say goodbye. When people listen to music in this mood, it seems that the flute is also complaining about the willow, and the resentment is strong, but it is euphemistically expressed in the broad explanation of "why complain", which is deep, implicit and intriguing. This third sentence conveys such rich poetry through asking questions, and the last sentence "Spring breeze is not enough to cross Yumenguan" will come naturally. Entering the poem with the word "Yumenguan" is also related to making people think. "The Biography of Ban Chao in the Later Han Dynasty" says: "I dare not look at Jiuquan County and hope that Yumenguan will be born." So the last sentence was written in the biting cold, implying infinite homesickness. If we compare this poem "Liangzhou Ci" with some frontier poems after the middle Tang Dynasty (such as Zhang Qiao's "Old Soldiers of Hehuang"), we will find that although this poem is extremely about the resentment of those who are imprisoned in the frontier fortress and are not allowed to go home, it is tragic and desolate, and there is no melancholy mood, which shows the broad-minded mind of the poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Even if you write sad grievances, you are strong in sadness and generous in sadness. The word "why complain" not only shows the euphemism and implication of its artistic technique, but also shows that the border guards at that time realized the great responsibility of defending the country and defending the border when homesickness was difficult to ban, so that they could forgive themselves. Perhaps it is because of the sadness of Liangzhou Ci that it can become a typical representative of "Tang Yin".
2) William Wang Edition:
"New Tang Book" said: "Tianbao Liangzhou's lyrics and songs are all named after the border areas, such as Liangzhou, Yizhou and Ganzhou." This poem has a strong local color. From the title, Liangzhou belongs to the northwest border; From the content, wine was a specialty of the western regions at that time, the luminous cup was introduced from the western regions, and the pipa was produced in the western regions. These are all related to the customs of the northwest frontier fortress. This four-line poem is a beautiful frontier poem. Frontier poems, if based on the attitude towards war. But it did not describe the war positively, but expressed the grief of soldiers who were tired of the war by drinking before the war. The pen is hidden and tortuous. The first sentence is brightly colored, deliberately boasting about the beauty of the banquet: the sparkling wine glasses contain grapes and wine, and the soldiers get together to prepare for drinking. Writing here, I suddenly suffered setbacks: "I want to drink" but I can't help but "Pipa urges me at once". The beauty of this sentence pattern is that it suddenly leads to the turning point of text and meaning. Immediately, the band played pipa to urge people to start, which greatly changed the mood of the soldiers and forced them from a lively and comfortable drinking environment to a tense and warm pre-war atmosphere. I can't seem to drink any more! However, "you can't laugh when you are drunk in the sand." The meaning of the third sentence has changed again, telling us that at this time, the military orders are like mountains, but it is the pusher who is urging himself, and the drinker is drinking himself. He is determined to "get drunk". The poet seems to be pouring out his heart for the soldiers: who cares? Although we were about to leave, we still drank and got drunk. You won't laugh at this binge drinking, will you? The word "don't laugh" was provoked in frustration, which led to the saddest and most decisive sentence in the whole poem. This is the ending, "How many people fought in ancient times?" This kind of cross-examination exaggerates the cruel consequences of war, reveals universality and deepens the theme of poetry. Obviously, it's not just the expedition that the soldiers are facing, but the "ancient times", that is, all the wars launched by the ruling class for their own interests that killed thousands of soldiers in Qian Qian! The whole poem expresses the sadness of anti-war and reveals the tragic fact that there are few survivors since the war, but it shows a tragic mood of death with heroic and broad-minded brushwork. Through this seemingly heroic and broad-minded mind, people feel more sad and disillusioned in the hearts of soldiers. The Collection of Tang Poems says that this poem "pretends to be bold, but in fact it is extremely sad". It can be said that it won the author's favor.