First, the source: Lu You's Reading on a Winter Night
Second, translation.
The ancients spared no effort in their studies, and often achieved nothing when they were old. After all, the knowledge gained from books is not perfect. If you want to understand the truth deeply, you must practice it yourself.
Third, poetry appreciation.
1, the first poet praised the ancient people's spirit of studying hard. Transfer training means the difficulty of learning. The first two sentences of the poem praise the ancient people's spirit of hard study and the difficulty of learning. It shows that only when you develop good study habits and lay a good foundation can you achieve something in the future.
2. The poet starts with the knowledge of the ancients, in which the word "effortless" describes the diligence and indefatigability of the ancients in learning, which is both vivid and vivid. The poet earnestly warned his son to seize the good time, work hard while he was young, and don't let his youth go to waste.
The last two couplets emphasize the importance of studying hard. It is important to study knowledge tirelessly and persistently, but it is not enough, because it is only book knowledge and a summary of previous practical experience. It is not an armchair strategist, but "hands-on". A person who has both book knowledge and practical experience is truly learned. Book knowledge is the summary of predecessors' practical experience, and whether it can conform to the situation here and now remains to be tested by practice. Only through personal practice can we turn the knowledge in books into our own practical skills.
4. Based on the relationship between book knowledge and social practice, the poet emphasizes the importance of practice and highlights his own insights. "Practice" has two meanings: first, practice in the process of learning, and strive to achieve "mouth to mouth, hands to heart"; The other is to practice knowledge and turn it into your own for your own use. The poet's intention is very obvious, aiming at encouraging his son not to be unilaterally satisfied with book knowledge, but to consolidate and further sublimate in practice.