At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, Lu Benzhong wrote the "Picture of the Sects of Jiangxi Poetry Society", which listed Huang Tingjian, Chen Shidao and more than 20 people as Jiangxi Poetry School. The Jiangxi Poetry School was formed under the direct influence of Huang Tingjian. Their creations have many characteristics similar to Huang Tingjian's. They pay attention to the use of allusions and are innovative and hard-working. They are a far-reaching literary school in the Song Dynasty. The representative figures include Huang Tingjian, Chen Shidao, and Chen Yuyi. They were later called the "three sects" of this poetic school. The most important characteristic of this poetic school is that it "makes the old new" in terms of language skills, and emphasizes "turning iron into gold" and "renewing the reincarnation", imitating and transforming the ancient, and pursuing a strange, dangerous and astringent style.
As the founder of Jiangxi Poetry School, Huang Tingjian’s poetry theory has a great influence. His poetry theory covers a wide range of topics, such as poetry ontology, creation theory, appreciation theory, poet theory, as well as the realm and style of poetry. But it is mainly in the category of poetry creation. The most famous propositions in Huang Tingjian's poetry theory are: "renew the body" and "turn iron into gold". It is a method of inheriting the words or ideas of the predecessors, with the purpose of "making the old new" in poetry creation. He advocates reading more works of his predecessors, absorbing artistic nutrition from them, and mastering writing skills such as refining words, constructing sentences, and planning articles. At the same time, he strives to break the shackles of skills and enter the realm of "not bothering to cut but to combine by himself" and strive to transcend. It is a family of its own because of its predecessors. He highly praised Du Fu and regarded Du Fu's late poems as a reference model for the aesthetic ideal of Song poetry. His view of respecting Du best embodies the spirit of the times in Song Dynasty poetry. He advocated actively learning from the language art of previous generations of poetry. . He said: "The most difficult thing is to write one's own words. Old Du wrote poems, and when he retired, he wrote essays. There is not a single word that has no source. Because the descendants read less, it is said that Han and Du wrote the words themselves. Therefore, those who can write can really cultivate All things, even if they take the ancient sayings and put them into calligraphy, it is like a magic pill that turns iron into gold." Huang Tingjian used this method effectively in his creative practice and achieved some results. However, this method ignores the only source of literary creation, which is social life, so it also produces major drawbacks. Later, some poets who lacked the spirit of innovation took this as a guideline and pursued "no word without origin" one-sidedly, but could not "seek newness". Therefore, they copied people's wisdom, wrote allusions one after another, and exhausted their images, forming the last stream of Jiangxi Poetry School. This is the main reason why Jiangxi Poetry School has been criticized for a long time.
The influence of Jiangxi Poetry School was already very significant in the late Northern Song Dynasty. Although Wang Zao and others at that time were not regarded as members of the Poetry School, they were also greatly influenced by Huang Tingjian and Chen Shidao in their creations. . In the Southern Song Dynasty, the influence of the Jiangxi Poetry School spread throughout the entire poetry world. Famous poets such as Yang Wanli, Lu You, and Jiang Kui were all artistically influenced by the Jiangxi Poetry School. The influence of the Jiangxi Poetry School continued even after the Song Dynasty, and the remaining waves extended to modern Tongguang style poets.