Tian Wen is a classic poem full of strong rational exploration spirit and profound literary feelings. Mr. Guo Moruo said: "In fact, Tian Wen is an unprecedented first-class strange character." Some scholars say that it reflects Qu Yuan's academic thought and can be said to hit the pulse of Qu Yuan's vigorous rational thought. It can be said that Tian Wen is an artistic representation of Qu Yuan's overall understanding of the universe, nature and human society. At that time, a giant peak of spirit and thought was established. Some scholars have suggested that Tian Wen is a literary work created by Qu Yuan on the basis of mastering the literature of the History of Chu Witches, which can be completely confirmed by its extensive coverage of more than 70 issues of/kloc-0.
Tian Wen is extremely rich in content, asking people questions and expressing the author's views on the universe, life, history and even myths and legends. There are 374 sentences in the whole poem, and 172 questions are put forward (one is 1 16 questions according to different statistical standards). Due to mistakes and omissions, some arts and sciences are not smooth. But on the whole, it is still orderly. Wang Fuzhi once pointed out: "Although there are many things in the article, from heaven and earth to mountains and rivers, to personnel, to the source, and finally to Chu, there is no disorder." (Interpretation of Chu Ci) From the beginning of the article to "Guling Anzang", astronomical events are the main events, mixed with myths related to astronomical events; From I don't want to drown my sorrows with wine to I don't know how to relieve my feathers, I mainly focus on local affairs, including Yu Yu's legend of water control; From "Yu Zhili's contribution" to the end of the article, it is a historical event, the Xia Dynasty is the most detailed, and finally Chu is the main one. The feeling of sharing the worries of the country is still quite obvious, but from the literary point of view, it seems that it has not been completed, and it may be missing. The whole poem shows the author's profound knowledge, profound thoughts and rich imagination, and embodies his spirit of bold doubt and criticism. Among them, celestial bodies and historical legends are mostly ignored by books produced in the northern Central Plains during the Qi, Lu and San Jin Dynasties in the pre-Qin period, which may be due to the old history handed down by Chu, that is, the Three Tombs, Five Classics, Eight Stations and Nine Hills handed down by Zuo. This "Tian Wen" was written by Xiaoyun in Ming Dynasty. This "Tian Wen" was written by Xiaoyun in Ming Dynasty.
Tian Wen is different from other chapters of Chu Ci in language application. There is no word "xi" throughout, and there are no suffix auxiliary words such as "some" and "only". The sentence pattern is dominated by four words, including three, five, six and seven words, which are roughly four sentences and one verse. Each verse has rhyme, and the rhythm and rhyme are naturally coordinated. There are many forms such as one question, two questions, three questions and four questions, and interrogative words such as "he", "Hu", "Yan", "self", "who" and "An" are used alternately, so the questions are vivid but not rigid, with a strong style. Therefore, predecessors commented: "long words, short words, intricacies, duality, repetition of one thing, or integration of several things." His writing style is either steep, clumsy, stubborn or fluent, and his methods are well prepared, which can be described as the abnormal condition of the article. " (Yu Yue's Comments on the Songs of the South quoted Sun□) This constitutes a unique artistic style.
As a series of questions, Tian Wen tends to ask questions to the end, and his style is quite special. But there are many examples in pre-Qin books. Sporadic sentences such as "Zhuangzi's Happy Journey": "The sky is gray, and its positive color is evil? It is far away and omnipotent. " The whole chapter is divided into sections, such as Zhuangzi's "Lucky in Heaven" to "Dare to Ask Why" and Liezi's "Tang asked Yuxia Pavilion". Nearly the whole article, such as Yizhoushu Zhou, from "everything is born" to "the combination of the two, which is better or worse". In addition, the article "Zhuangzi Tianxia" also said: "There are people who lean on others in the south, saying that they are dazzled and asking why heaven and earth don't fall or fall into the wind and rain. Hui Shi left without saying goodbye, but he was not worried about it. He says everything like this. " It can be seen that there have been many articles about Tian Wen's style before and after Qu Yuan. Not only that, but also poems similar to Tian Wen can be found in ancient world masterpieces. For example, the sixth paragraph of the first chapter of India's "Song of Creation in Rigveda" wrote: "Who knows the truth? Who is poor? What do you like? Why are you doing this? Who knows that the wise God followed it and combined it with this nature? How is the implementation? " The Islamic Fire Sutra (Iranian Persian Sutra) says, "Who divided the earth to make it beautiful in the sky so that it would not fall?" Who is born evil, water or plants? Who is in charge of the situation and Zhou Dao obeys it? Alas, Homo sapiens, who inspires my kindness more? The Old Testament Book of Job also said: "Who set the scale of heaven and earth? Who pulled the wire? Where is his foundation? Who planted his signpost? ..... Where does the light come from? Where did the darkness first lie? "Several philosophers of ancient civilizations have raised such questions and recited them in unison, which is quite intriguing. However, as a long philosophical poem, Tian Wen is unique.
After Tian Wen was published, there were many imitations. Fu Xuan in Jin Dynasty has Zhun, Liang Jiangyan has Gu Sui Pian, Yan Zhitui in Northern Qi Dynasty has Returning to the Heart and Interpreting the First, Tang Dynasty has Hun Talented Person, Liu Zongyuan has Tian Dui, Fang Xiaoru in Ming Dynasty has Miscellaneous Questions and 95 Answers, Huang Daozhou has Continued, and there are also in Qing Dynasty. As for writing poems in Tian Wen's style, there are even more.
Tian Wen
Qu Yuan
Who preached it at the beginning of ancient times
Textual research on the reasons why the upper and lower forms are not formed
Who can hack to the extreme?
How did Feng Yiwei know?
Obviously, what's the secret?
What is the basis of the trinity of yin and yang?
Which are the nine priorities?
But what did you do first?
How does the celestial pole join the dimension?
What happened to the fall of the Southeast Eight Pillars?
Put a genus in nine days.
Who knows how many horns there are?
What are the twelve points in the sky?
Sun, moon, ancients, stars, Chen An.
In fact, Tanggu is second only to Meng Qi.
Self-evident and stupid.
Luminous virtue, death can breed.
Why does Jue Liwei care about belly slaughter?
How can a woman have nine children without a husband?
What are the advantages of strong waves?
Why is it closed and gloomy? Why should it be clear?
Jiao su Dan Wei Yao ling an Cang
Why don't you become a teacher?
Why aren't you worried? Why don't you skip class?
What's with the turtle dragging a gun?
What is the punishment for success?
Never stopped in the mountains for three years.
Why did Apollo's widowed husband change?
I succeeded in retaking the exam before editing.
Why do you continue your career and seek different things?
Why is the flood deep?
How to bury nine local laws and regulations?
He painted a calendar to meet Hailong.
What did you do? What did you do?
Why did Kang Hui and Feng Nu fall to the southeast?
He Xun, Ancuo Chuangu, Kyushu
Who knows why the East is not flooding?
East, west, north and south, which is the most important?
North-South Ellipse Derived Geometry
Pu Yin Village in Kunlun County is peaceful.
Zengcheng is nine times as high as it is.
Who is the square gate?
What is Northwest Spirit?
For Candle dragon, a good life is not enough.
Xi, his lack of publicity is like how smart he is.
What is the warmth in winter? What is Xia Han?
How can there be a stone forest or a beast?
How can you swim with dragons and bears?
Nine poems by the male scorpion.
Why don't you die? Why do you want to keep people?
Mimi jiuqu yuanhuaanzhu
How big is it for a snake to swallow an elephant?
Black water is in danger.
What is the purpose of prolonging life?
Where is the pile of shad?
How to remove your feathers in the dark?
Yu zhili's contribution to the province and the earth
How can I get a girl from Tushan and learn from her in Taiwan Province?
Min Fei's body is the successor.
Hu Weiwei likes different tastes and soon becomes full.
After the beginning of the generation, he died and left.
He Qi was just worried, but he got caught.
All bows have no damage to "body arrow".
He Houhua made a change and sowed it.
Nine songs about Kaiji, guests and businessmen
He Qin Zi killed his mother.
The emperor expelled barbarians and reformed Xia people.
Hu shot her husband, He Bo, and his wife.
Li decided that this was an opportunity.
Why offer the paste of steamed meat, and then the emperor quit?
Marry Chun Hu's dazzling wife.
He Yi patted the leather and handed it to swallow.
What is more difficult to stop the Western Expedition?
What's the point of being a yellow bear witch?
This is a camp sown with salt and millet.
What's the point of going in the same direction?
White-bellied babies and beards are the church.
Andrew's medicine can't be stored securely.
Heaven died in the sun.
How could a big bird like He Mingfu lose his body?
Heng, why is it raining?
What is the reason for writing about sports associations?
Why is it safe to cross the mountain?
Why did Zhoushi Linghang move?
What do you want from your sister-in-law?
He Shaokang lost his mind because of chasing dogs.
Women sew clothes, but the house is the same.
He Dian can easily bow his head and kiss when he is in danger.
Why is Tang easy to spin coarse?
Capsize and find out how to get there.
What did you get by cutting Mengshan?
What happened to the soup?
Why is Shunmin's father at home?
Dare you tell your second daughter what your relationship is?
What did Meng Jue remember at first?
People in Huangtai are 100% embarrassed.
Which is the way to be an emperor?
Nu Wa has a body, but who made it?
Shun's obedience to Jue's brother will eventually cause harm.
Why is the dog weak and not in danger?
The fire reached the ancient Nanyue Mountain.
When are these two going to Sri Lanka?
The jade queen of mandarin fish is a feast.
Why did you ask Xia Jie to ruin the funeral?
Emperor loyalty and Iraq under the view of descending.
What happened? I was punished, but I was persuaded
What should Judie do in Taiwan Province?
The mysterious bird brought happiness to my daughter.
The father of Lord Bingji is Zang.
What about cattle and sheep in Mu Fu?
Why do you dance when you are dating?
Why is flat and smooth skin fat?
When there is a shepherd standing in the clouds, there is no meeting.
What if I hit the bed first?
Constant soldier Kidd won't get mad.
Why did you go camping? Not only did Luban come back?
It's fidgeting to follow the footsteps.
How many birds extract thorns and negative children to express their feelings?
Showing off my brother, raping and endangering my brother.
What changes were made to trick the heirs into growing up?
Cheng Tang's trip to the East is full of novelty.
Why do you ask for a junior minister and Ji Fei is?
The tree by the water caught the boy.
What's wrong with a husband? There is a woman with a heart.
What is the use of soup as a fountain?
Who can't help criticizing the emperor?
Will North Korea compete for an alliance?
Who makes birds fly?
Bowing is not a good thing.
Send someone to ask Zhou.
Give Yoon a place.
What is the crime of turning success into death?
Why fight for knives?
Why does the parallel drive hit the wing?
After Zhao, you will go to the bottom of Nantu.
What's the only advantage? What is the difference?
What is Mu Wang Jomeifu Liu Zhou?
What can a person get from the world?
The demon man dragged his name to the market.
How can I get a compliment from my husband in the middle of the week?
What is the punishment of fate?
Qi Huan's ninth meeting was sudden death.
Who is fascinated by the bow of the king?
What's wrong with flattery?
Why fight it and suppress it?
Thunder opened it and gave it a seal.
One of the saints, he died in his own way.
Mabel has a crush on Ji Zi.
Ji Weiyuan, Di Zi and Zhi Zhu
Birds thrown on the ice
He Fenghong took Masayuki Sunu.
Not only surprised the emperor, but also excited He Fengchang.
Bochang is weak enough to whip and graze.
What makes Che Biqi's society have a gloomy life?
What can we do if we move to Tibet?
What does a woman who is confused by Yin sneer at?
Thank you, Mr. Xi Bo.
Who will God punish if he doesn't save Yin?
What is Chang Si's hope?
What's the joy after the drum knife blows?
Wu Fa killed Suo.
What is the urgent need for corpse integration?
Why is it the pheasant sutra in Berlin?
Who is afraid of heaven and earth?
What is the only way to stop the emperor from living?
Accept the gift and the world will take its place.
At first, Tomson became loyal. Later, he became a helper.
Preface of respecting teachers in He Zu Guan Tang
Great dreams lead to fewer discrete deaths.
He Zhuang is powerful, and powerful can be powerful.
What did Peng Keng say about Emperor Luo?
How long is immortality?
What's the anger after the central grazing?
What is the power of bee moth in life?
He You, a frightened deer picker.
From north to sishui, why not?
Why eat dogs?
No reward, easy to get one hundred and twenty soldiers.
What's there to worry about at dusk lightning?
Jueyan made no demands on the emperor.
He Yun in Mount Fournier.
Jing Xun is both a teacher and a husband.
If I change my mind, what can I say?
Guangwu's long-term struggle for the country is victory
He Huan wrote a sub-article "Crossing the Hill of Deer House".
I'm telling you, it won't take long to block ao.
Why try to be loyal and famous?
Appreciate:
What is "Tian Wen"? Wang Yi's Chapters and Sentences of Chu Ci said: Why not say "Ask the Heaven"? Heaven can't ask, so it's called' Heaven Ask'. "He also said that Qu Yuan was demoted, worried and sad, traveled all over the mountains and rivers, passed by the Chuwang Temple and the Baiguan Temple, and saw stories of heaven and earth, mountains and rivers, immortals, ancient sages, monsters and ghosts on the wall, so he" prayed for heaven on the wall ". Although this statement has certain historical documents and cultural relics reference, it is not necessarily the real reason why Qu Yuan wrote Nine Questions. In Tian Wen, except asking about heaven and earth, sun and moon, mountains and rivers, ghosts and gods, most of the personnel involved were of practical significance at that time. Therefore, Qu Yuan's questions will not only be based on temple murals. But his subjective choice, which he carefully wrote. From the order of the full text, the historical facts of the last three generations naturally come naturally, ending with the sage and fool of Chu, which clearly shows the author's own ideological motivation and creative intention. Therefore, this piece of Tian Wen, which contains the author's thoughtful crystallization, can't be his impromptu work of "seeking heaven".