Descriptive skills of Chinese poetry appreciation in college entrance examination
1, aluminum foil
A foil: divided into positive foil and negative foil.
Positive contrast is often called contrast, which obscures the moon. As the foil of the subject, serif highlights the subject and makes what needs to be expressed clearly stand out. It can be a person-to-person comparison. For example, in Qin Luofu, the amazing beauty of Qin Luofu is compared by the reaction of "walker" and "teenager". It can also be used to compare things, or to compare people and scenery. For example, the moon in the river was written three times in Pipa, which set off the beautiful timbre of the pipa, the superb skills of the pipa girl and the desolate, lonely and sad mood of the characters respectively.
Contrast means that the subject is opposite to the lining, and the lining sets off the subject from the opposite side as the background. For example, when describing things or scenery, we often combine far and near, motion and stillness, sound and color, reality and emptiness to form a contrast, which has received good artistic effects.
For example, the last two sentences of Du Mu's quatrains in Houchi, Qi 'an County say: "No one sees the light rain all day, and Yuanyang bathes in red." Pairs of "Yuanyang" set off people's lonely mood.
For example, "the forest is quieter with cicadas singing, and Tonamiyama is quieter", "Monks knock on the door of the moon" and "the birds are startled when the moon comes out, and the spring is ringing", which sets off the quiet environment.
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Step 2 compare
B contrast: it means comparing two opposing things or two different aspects of the same thing together to make the good look better and the bad look worse.
For example, He Zhangzhi's "Teenagers leave home, old people return, and the local accent has not changed." Gao Shi's "Half of our men at the front line were killed, but the other half are still alive, and beautiful girls are still dancing and singing for them in the camp" and so on. In contrast, the contradictions revealed are impressive.
For example, the first two sentences of Wang Mian's "White Eyebrows" in the Yuan Dynasty: "This body is in a forest of ice and snow, and peaches and plums are mixed." Bai Meihua in Snow Forest and peaches and plums mixed with fragrant dust set each other off, which set off the noble and upright plum blossoms and expressed the author's thoughts and feelings of not being in cahoots with the secular world.
3, dynamic and static combination
In ancient Chinese poetry, in order to create artistic conception, poets pay special attention to dynamic description, and the combination of dynamic and static is a common way to describe scenery. In the use of this technique, it is unique, with "every word is the best" and "the realm is the best".
For example, the selection of "push" and "knock" like "the bird stays in the tree by the pool, and the monk knocks at the door under the moon", and the adjective "green" in Jiang Nanan with a green spring breeze as a causative verb are all examples of dynamic description, and many articles have been made on the use of verbs.
However, as a combination of dynamic and static scenery, it is often described as a kind of artistic conception, which is mainly static, with dynamic setting against static. The "dynamic" here includes dynamic and sound:
For example, "the bamboo language washes the woman, and the lotus leaves are collected before the fishing boat", "noisy" is sound, and "moving" is moving, forming a harmonious unity of artistic conception and image. Therefore, the combination of dynamic and static scenery writing techniques can not be completely separated from the foil
Example: Briefly analyze the writing skills of the following poems.
Chai Lu Wang Wei
No one can be seen in the silent valley, only the voice is heard. The shadow of the sunset shone into the depths of the forest, and the scenery on the moss was pleasant.
When the first two sentences were written at dusk, Shan Ye was deserted and lonely. Occasionally hearing some people's voices, instead of breaking the mountain sky, it is quieter. The contrast between light and shade in the last two sentences: a ray of sunset shoots into the beautiful forest, and the afterglow of sunset hits a piece of moss. Here, the sound is quiet and contrast is also used.
Wang Wei of Niaomingxi
People are idle, osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and empty. When the moon comes out, the birds are startled, and the sound enters the spring stream.
Dynamic contrast static.
4. Point-surface combination
Everything is interrelated, not isolated, and the scenery described is the same. They are always inextricably linked with the surrounding scenery. Therefore, when we write about landscapes, we can't write about the subject in isolation and stillness, but also write about the contact objects around the subject, combining point and surface to make the subject image fuller and more distinctive.
For example, Liu Zongyuan adopted the method of combining point and surface in Jiang Xue. "Dai Li Weng" is small in the picture, but it is the center of the poem in a conspicuous position. "A boat, a bamboo cloak" belongs to the description of points; The first two sentences "There are no birds in a hundred mountains, and there are no footprints in a thousand paths" belong to the superficial discussion. The poem describes the bitterness and loneliness of the characters from "birds fly away" and "people disappear", and puts the quantifier "thousands" and "ten thousand" before "mountains" and "roads" to highlight the characters' perseverance and outstanding personality.
For example, Du Fu's masterpiece Shu Xiang, Zhuge Liang's ancestral hall is about the life and career of the sage Shu Han. Its neck is connected with a cloud: "The third call aggravated his national affairs, and he gave his heart to two generations." These two sentences are particularly heavy because they contain extremely rich contents: the former sentence is worth an article in Longzhong Dui, and the latter sentence is worth two examples; From three visits to the thatched cottage, I met with my ancestors, from seven captures of Meng Huo to six exits of Qishan, the achievements of governing Shu and the achievements of the Northern Expedition; The plan of the world expresses its macro picture, and the heart of the old minister expresses its loyalty; ..... In addition to Lao Du, which poet has had such pen power? Similar to this technique, it can be called point-surface combination. Point out that it is comprehensive.
Step 5 describe the details
China's classical poems are generally short and pithy, and there are not many details as narrative works. However, even a short chapter, even a lyrical sketch, can not ignore the description of details. This requires special attention. Real and vivid details in literary works can also achieve the effect of "seeing the micro-knowledge".
For example, Du Mu's "Crossing the Huaqing Palace": "Chang 'an looks back and embroiders in piles, and the top of the mountain opens a thousand times. When riding the red dust and laughing, no one knows that it is litchi. " Only when Yang Guifei saw the man who flew to deliver litchi at a happy horse race did the poet appreciate the details of her knowing smile, and everything was self-evident. The poet's sarcastic attitude lies in "concubine laughs" and "nobody knows". It can be seen that litchi is sent all the way to please a person. As for outsiders, I don't know the inside story. When they saw the emergency of running horses, they probably thought it was for military affairs. The details of "The Princess Laughs" played the role of finishing touch.
Another example is Yuan Zhen's poem "Palace": "In the faded old palace, the peony is red, but no one comes to see it. The ladies-in-waiting are already white-haired and arguing about the grand occasion of Tang Xuanzong. " It has always been famous for drawing lessons from the past and expressing past and present feelings. The poem "Tang Poetry" says: "Only four words are worth a song of everlasting regret." Yang's "Poetry Talk" calls it: "Ten words are 600 words in Lianchang Palace Ci, which is especially wonderful." Where is the beauty? Is the phrase "small gift, double sleep sigh sentient beings" Ji Yun.
The poet just chose the details of the "Debate on Xuanzong" of the White-headed Maid-in-waiting to form the whole article. It is said that these ladies-in-waiting have spent their lives in the cold palace from beauty to white hair. It's not Xuanzong. Whose crime is it? They should blame Xuanzong, be angry with Xuanzong and hate Xuanzong. The poet, on the other hand, put aside a lot of intense things and just let these ladies-in-waiting sit bored, counting the prosperity of Xuanzong in those days and talking about capital to pass the time.
Nowadays, they are neither angry nor sighing, just talking numbly, even talking about their own past, just like telling other people's stories, and their hearts are stagnant, without resentment or hatred. "Debating Xuanzong's Grand Ceremony" seems to be an understatement, however, it contains the poet's invincible feeling in ancient and modern times! Therefore, Shen Deqian praised: "Only Xuanzong, without the length of Xuanzong, is excellent!"
The following poems, which are organized around details, appear swaying and vividly express their feelings:
There are some weeds blooming by the Suzaku Bridge, and there is only sunset at the corner of Wuyi Lane. Swallows under the eaves of Wang Dao and Xie An have now flown into the homes of ordinary people. -Liu Yuxi's Wuyi Lane expresses the ups and downs of ancient and modern feelings through the details of "Swallow";
The annual autumn wind blows to Luoyang city, and my wandering son doesn't know how his relatives in his hometown are; Writing a letter to peace has too much to say and I don't know where to start. When the letter is written, I am worried that I have not finished what I want to say; When the messenger started, he opened the envelope and gave it to him. -Zhang Ji's "Qiu Si" ended with "pedestrians come, Kaifeng comes", which made the realm suddenly enlightened, and the spirit of the whole article was immediately aroused, which made Pan Deyu praise it as "the desperate situation of the seven wonders, and it was rare for a giant in the prosperous Tang Dynasty to come here" in "Yang Yi Zhai Shi Hua".
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V
6, color rendering
For example, Du Fu's quatrains: two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky. My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to ships sailing eastward. The author emphasizes the newly grown willow branches, paired orioles, free egrets and blue sky. Four bright colors are fresh and bright, forming a gorgeous picture.
Color rendering can not only convey happy feelings, but also reflect homesickness, such as Du Fu's other poem "Jueju", "Birds in the river are too white, mountains are too blue and white. I saw it again this spring. When is the year of return? " It is the strong colors and strong pen and ink that render the pleasant scenery. The mountains are green, the flowers are red, the birds are white and the waves are green. The scene is fresh and pleasing to the eye, but it paves the way for the writing to arouse the wandering sadness.
For example, Bai Juyi's Jiang Nanyi, "Sunrise flowers are better than fire, and spring water is as blue as blue", recalls the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River through the reflection of flowers on the red sun, and increases the brightness of colors.
Such as Wang Luobin's Goose, Goose, Goose, Goose, Xiang Tiange. White hair floating green water, red palm clear waves. "Goose white floating green water, Anthurium stirring, green water full of waves. The contrast between red, white and green is warm, vivid and harmonious. Under the blue sky and white clouds, beside the crystal clear water pond, "white hair" is more beautiful than "green water", and "red brown" and "clear waves" are better. What a beautiful picture! It's really amazing, just like this.
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7. Observe the change of angle
Su Shi's "Title of Xilin Wall" said: "Looking horizontally, the mountain side becomes a peak, and the distance is different." Looking at the same scene, the observer's position is different and the angle is different. Looking down, looking up, looking far away and looking closely, the visual image will be varied and varied. Describing from different angles will make readers have a more comprehensive understanding of the scenery described and get a more perfect feeling.
Lanxi Ji pin Dai Shulun
Liu Wanmei hangs on the cool moon, and the Zhongshan mirror looks more.
Peach blossoms rained in Lanxi for three days, and carp came to the beach at midnight.
From what angle was the first sentence of the poem written? Look up.
From what angle was the second sentence written? bow/lower/hang one's head
What kind of realm do these two poems outline?
The moonlight is bright, the stream is clear, and the outline of Lanxi Mountain is outlined, which is hazy and ethereal, making people fall into a fairyland.
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8. Line drawing techniques
Originally, it is one of the traditional painting techniques in China, which is roughly close to the sketch or sketch in western painting methods. Its characteristic is to outline the picture with simple ink lines, freehand brushwork, no contrast and no color. This painting method is introduced into poetry creation, that is, without adjectives and modifiers, it is carefully carved and rendered layer by layer, not to mention melody or foil, but by grasping the object of description, using accurate and powerful brushstrokes, simple and concise language and plain words, it neatly outlines the shape and sound of things, thus expressing the author's feelings about things. For example, "Maodian crows on the moon, Banqiao frost is cold and cheerless".
Steps to solve problems in appreciation of Chinese poetry in college entrance examination
Step 1: Interpret the text accurately.
1, look at the title of the poem, and then look at the author;
2 look down: read notes;
3 look: look at the main body of the whole poem.
Step 2: Understand the key point of the answer, that is, give points.
Answer your small-caliber questions. Large-caliber questions generally include three main points, such as:
1 Writing techniques adopted: including rhetoric, expression and expression.
Content revealed by techniques: Combining with poems, analyze what features the techniques have written to visualize people, events and scenes, or what outstanding thoughts, feelings and philosophies have been expressed.
The role played: the role played by this kind of writing in content or form.
Note: You must choose your words carefully!
Step 3: Answer the question of poetry appreciation.
The first type: artistic conception analysis = image+emotion
(1) describe the picture in the poem.
② Summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery.
③ Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings.
Appreciation of Chinese Poetry in College Entrance Examination
1 Read the following Tang poems and answer the questions.
Cailian District Wang Changling
The girl who picked the lotus put the girl who picked the lotus into the lotus leaf, as if the color was the same, and the girl's face was hidden in the blooming lotus, which reflected each other.
Lotus is mixed in the lotus pond, and it is difficult to recognize the lotus pond. Only when you hear the song do you know that someone is picking lotus in the pond-picking lotus.
Q: What are the main ways to portray characters in Lotus Picking Song? What kind of artistic effect is there?
Mainly using the brushwork of foil, the girl picking lotus flowers is integrated with the beautiful nature, so that the girl's skirt and the green lotus leaf, the face of * * * and the bright lotus flower set each other off, setting off the girl's freshness and charm. The image of the girl in the painting is looming, as if nothing had happened, leaving endless affection.
2 magpie fairy? Smell the cuckoo's land trip at night
The eaves are quiet, the window lights are dim, and the spring dawn is even stormy. Swallows in warblers' nests are always silent, but they often crow cuckoos at night. It makes people cry, arouses lonely dreams, and picks deep branches to fly away; So the mountain is uncomfortable, and the feelings float for half a life.
Q: In Lu You's poems, "The warbler is often silent, but the cuckoo is often sung at night." What kind of artistic techniques are used in two sentences, and what are the benefits of writing like this in expression?
"The nests of songbirds are always quiet, but they often call cuckoos at night. "In two sentences, the poet compared the cuckoo's voice with the silence of the' warbler's nest and swallow', which has the advantage of highlighting the cuckoo's sad cry with silence.
Read the following Tang poems and answer the questions.
Shang Shan Zao Xing Wen Ting Yun
I began to recruit priests in the morning and felt sorry for my hometown. When a chicken crows at the Maodian Moon, people walk on the Banqiao Frost.
Mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, and orange flowers are on the wall of the post. Because they remembered Ling Du's dream, the geese returned home full of food.
Question: "A chicken crows at a maodian moon, and a footbridge frost walks" is a famous sentence among the moxibustion population. What are the characteristics of its language structure? What does it concentrate on? How to be a man?
The language structure of this poem is characterized by pure noun combination without modification of verbs and adjectives.
It can be seen that it is hard to go early. It is obvious that it is difficult to walk early in the morning before the rooster crows and the moon falls.
In painting, six nouns are a combination of six scenes without any modification. & lt& gt people also: