The Book of Songs, which is mainly composed of four words and repeated sentences, shows China's lyrical national literature characteristics. Since then, China's poetry has embarked on a lyrical road, and lyric poetry has become the main form of China's poetry. The enthusiasm for reality, strong political and moral consciousness and sincere and positive attitude towards life in The Book of Songs are summarized as the spirit of elegance, which has become the most basic and far-reaching tradition of China's poetry.
On the 14th day of the first month in 339 BC, Qu Yuan, the first great man in the history of China poetry, was born. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang compiled works such as Qu Yuan and Song Yu. A book "Songs of the South" was written, including twenty-three songs of Lisao, nine songs (1 1), nine chapters of Tian Wen (9) and Evocation. Among them, "Li Sao" takes loyalty to the monarch and patriotism as the theme and vanilla beauty as the symbol, which repeatedly generates lingering grief and indignation and creates a loyal and noble hero image.
Qu Yuan's poems created a new poetic style, which directly influenced the emergence of Han Fu. And a large number of Chu dialects, such as "some, talented, Qiang, dispute, oath, oath, oath", have a strong local color. Chu Ci highlighted the romantic spirit and influenced later poets such as Li Bai, Li He and Han Yu. The symbolic tradition of vanilla beauty has a long history, and its influence has been extended to Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in the Qing Dynasty.
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, poems created by literati groups appeared. Five-character poems have replaced the traditional four-character poems and even produced a complete seven-character poem. The earliest extant literati poem in the Eastern Han Dynasty is Ban Gu's Ode to an Epic, and his Poem of Bamboo Fan is an early and complete seven-character poem. The most famous literati poem is Nineteen Ancient Poems, without the author's name. It is about wandering and caring for women, so nostalgia and love are integrated. At the same time, it involves many philosophies of life, discussing eternity and brevity, people's mentality and life cycle, sadness and joy. Literati's poetry is good at expressing emotion, and the language is perfect and precious, which directly influenced Cao Zhi and Tao Yuanming.
From the Jian 'an period at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the early Cao Wei period, three Cao and seven sons came out at the same time. Honest and frank's sad Cao Cao, graceful and restrained Cao Pi, and Cao Zhi, who is both a father and a brother, completed the final transformation of Yuefu folk songs into literati poems with the wings of "Jian 'an seven sons" and opened up the broad road of five-character poems. The famous ones are Cao Cao's Short Songs, Cao Pi's Beautiful Songs, Cao Zhi's White Horse Wang Biao and White Horse Pieces. Cao Zhi is the most respected poet in Jian 'an, because his literary talent is gorgeous, which has a great influence on the development of five-character poems.
Sima Yan proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of Wei and established the Western Jin Dynasty. The artistic characteristics of the poetry circles in the Western Jin Dynasty are called "Taikang Poetry Style", which is characterized by paying attention to form, complicated description, gorgeous rhetoric and complicated poetry style. Lu Ji's imitation of ancient poems is a masterpiece of gorgeous algae decoration. The representative figures of Taikang's poetic style are Zhang (Zhang Xie, Zhang Zai,), Erlu (Lu Ji,), (and Uncle Penny). The description of landscape elements in their poems has greatly increased, which is the forerunner of landscape poets such as Xie Lingyun and Xie Tiao. At the same time, Zuo Si, with his eight poems on epic poems, pioneered the road of chanting history and became an example for later poets to follow.
One hundred years after the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the poetic world was occupied by metaphysical poems, and the development of poetic art was interrupted. It was not until Tao Yuanming, the second great man in China's poetry history, that this clue was reconnected. His poems originated from Nineteen Ancient Poems and were influenced by Ruan Ji's legacy. The original style of Wei-Jin poetry and even China's ancient poetry rose to an unprecedented height in his hands, making him a milestone in ending a generation of poetic style. He wrote pastoral poems such as "Returning to the Garden" and "Drinking", wrote his feelings about farming and reading life, and expressed his philosophical thinking about life in plain and simple language. Tao Yuanming is a representative figure of romantic life in Wei and Jin Dynasties, pursuing the artistry of life. He is also one of the spiritual destinations of China literati, and has built a spiritual home for later literati.
The Eastern Jin Dynasty was replaced by the Song Dynasty, and the four dynasties were south of the Yangtze River. The beautiful natural environment and rich economic conditions in the south make the folk songs of the Southern Dynasties present a beautiful and lingering style. The masterpiece is the long poem "Western Zhou Qu", with euphemistic rhyme. The folk songs of the Northern Dynasties are the cultural achievements created by the people of all ethnic groups in the North, and the "Chile Song" is magnificent and magnificent, and it is a swan song throughout the ages; The masterpiece Mulan Poetry is fresh and vigorous, and it is about the heroism of a heroine.
Tang poetry is the symbol of China's poetry. Four masters and poets in the early Tang Dynasty created a new poetic style-metrical poems on the basis of Yongming style, and five kinds of metrical poems were finally finalized by Song and Shen Quanqi. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the country was strong, and Li Bai, the third great man in the history of China's poetry, stepped onto the poetic scene. With his peerless talent and bold and elegant temperament, he wrote poems full of backbone, no trace, profound and meaningful, such as the flowing and unpredictable Shu Dao Nan. The frontier poets Gao Shi and Cen Can's Ge Yanxing and The Journey to the West make the frontier life magnificent, heroic and generous. Pastoral poets Wang Wei and Meng Haoran expressed the tranquility and beauty of landscape pastoral as beauty and ethereal.
In the middle Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi's sad Song of Eternal Sorrow and Pipa Trip, and Han Yu's cruel and generous Song of Deer Soul and Shigu Mountain Fire led the climax of poetry in the middle Tang Dynasty. However, in the late Tang Dynasty, the poetic style changed again, and Du Mu's epic was infused with profound historical feelings. Li Shangyin's Beitie (Seven Laws) is gloomy and unique to Du Fu, while his obscure poems such as Jinse and Untitled go deep into the spiritual world, forming a melancholy and colorful style and becoming the last poet in the Tang Dynasty.