The correct answer is five tones and twelve temperaments.
The five tones are also called the five tones. The oldest musical scale uses only five tones, namely Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng and Yu.
The word "Five Tones" first appeared in "Zhou Li Chunguan": "All texts are written with five tones, and the palace and merchants are in charge of feathers."
And "Five Tones" It was first seen in "Mencius Li Lou Shang": "Without the six rhythms, the five tones cannot be corrected."
The ancients usually used "gong" as the first level of the scale, and it was also the most important level. Sometimes it refers to "five tones".
Twelve temperaments is an ancient musical term and an ancient method of tuning.
It is a temperament that uses the three-point gain and loss method to divide an octave into twelve semitones that are not exactly the same. The laws from lowest to highest are: Huang Zhong, Da Lu, Tai Cu, Jia Zhong, Gu Xi, Zhong Lu, Ruibin, Lin Zhong, Yize, Nan Lu, Wu She, Ying Zhong. The twelve laws are divided into two categories: Yin and Yang. The six laws belonging to odd numbers are called Yang laws, and the six laws belonging to even numbers are called Yin laws.
In addition, the odd-numbered laws are called "Lü", and the even-numbered laws are called "Lü", so the twelve laws are also referred to as "Lü". The sixth law of Yang: Huangzhong, Taicu, Guxi, Ruibin, Yize, Wushe; the sixth law of Yin: Dalu, Jiazhong, Zhonglu, Linzhong, Nanlu, Yingzhong.
Extended information:
Coordination of music and rhythm
Since the rhythm and the number of months in a year are exactly twelve, in ancient China, people Therefore, the twelve laws are connected with the twelve months. According to "Book of Rites. According to the records in "Yue Ling", the correspondence between them is:
The moon of Mengchun, Taizu in the law;
The moon of Zhongchun, there is a bell in the law;
In the month of spring, the aunt in the law washes;
The month of Mengxia, in the law, the Lu;
The month of midsummer, in the law, Ruibin;
The month of Jixia is in the law of Linzhong;
The month of Mengqiu is in the law of Yizi;
The month of Zhongqiu is in the law of Nanlu;
The month of Jiqiu is The moon, there is no shot in the law;
The moon of Mengdong, the bell in the law;
The moon of midwinter, the yellow bell in the law;
The moon of Jidong, Da Lu in the law.
The so-called "melody" is the "correspondence of the rhythm", and the method of verification is to "blow ashes". It is said that the ancients stuffed the twelve rhythm tubes with ashes from Jiaocheng. As long as a certain month comes, the ashes in the corresponding rhythm tube will automatically fly out. This is the "ash blowing climate", Allusions to words such as "Yi Ze is the law of July". Of course, from today's point of view, there is no realistic basis for climate change.
It is worth noting that the most basic of the twelve laws is the yellow bell, and the most basic of the Chinese calendar is the month containing the winter solstice. What is listed in the "Moon Order" is that the yellow bell corresponds to the midwinter month of the winter solstice - Ziyue (November).