The full text of "Morning and Dusk on the River" has 15 paragraphs, which can be divided into two parts.
The first part is the first paragraph of the article. At the beginning of the article, the author tells us what he discovered during this "river trip" with the poet's unique and wise vision - "beauty can be found everywhere", "even outside the ancient city, on a ship ". This reminds us of the words of the famous French sculptor Rodin: "Beauty is everywhere. For our eyes, it is not a lack of beauty, but a lack of discovery." The two have different approaches but similar effects. This paragraph is formed into an independent paragraph with one sentence, which points out the main idea and leads the following. As the beginning of the article, the words are concise and meaningful, pointed to the specific point, triggering readers' thinking and creating a resonance with readers. After reading this, we can't help but ask: Why is there such beauty everywhere in the author's life? It attracts us to follow the author's "Jiang Journey" for further exploration. Contacting the author's life experience, it is not difficult to find that the author's life was a life of struggle against cruel reality, a life of being ruthlessly hit by reality and finally abandoned. He longed for a "good life" and pursued the highest realm of "artistic beauty" , but everything in reality smashed them to pieces. At this time, the motherland was also in the midst of internal and external troubles. In such a realistic environment, his personal ideals cannot be realized, and all he has in his heart is depression and helplessness. He can only seek short-term peace and spiritual sustenance through his own writing. "Jiang Xing" gave him this This opportunity also gave him time and space to vent his "pain and helplessness".
The second part of the article (paragraphs 2-15) describes in detail his discovery of this "Jiang trip". The time span is from "at nine o'clock on the late autumn night" the day before to "when the sun rises 20 degrees" the next day. According to the change of time, it can be divided into two levels:
The first level (paragraphs 2-6) describes the scenery seen in "Twilight". The time is "waiting for the boat" and "at nine o'clock in the night", and the place is "on the boat". "There is no cold wind here. The sky and the river are both dark." The creation of artistic conception adds to the atmosphere of late autumn. The author is waiting for the boat by the river. His vision changes with his thoughts. First he sees "a deep black" and "that's the south bank of the river". Then, his vision sweeps across the sky and he discovers "among the stars, the Chang Geng star." Shining like a distant light", there is a corresponding "red fishing light" in the distance. "Stars and fishing lights are all the same color", the author seems to have a dreamlike feeling, but the author does not sink in it, and his vision turns from the sky back to the shore, where there is a row of "black houses" and "a strip of Barge". The scene in front of me made the author's mood change from the "melancholy" in real life to a bit of joy. The usually unpleasant "blurred electric light", "at this time, on this barge, is not only pleasing to the eye, but also It’s simply beautiful.” Because it was late at night, people were quiet, and everything seemed unwilling to break the tranquility of the night. "No human voice could be heard" here, and even "some dark sailboats going down the river" "had no sound, like Some huge bird”. The metaphor used in this sentence is quite bizarre. Isn't this "huge bird" the author's own inner hope? I want to fly high like a bird, but it's night and I can't fly. I can only "go down the river" quietly. In this layer of description, except for the "Chang Geng Star" and the "fishing lantern" which are slightly bright, the other scenery They are all shrouded in "night" - the south bank of the river is "a deep black", the houses on the bank are "a row of black", even the "electric lights" are blurred, and so are the "sailboats going down the river" "Somewhat dark." The contemporary poet Gu Cheng once wrote: "The night gave me black eyes, but I used them to look for the light." Mr. Zhu Xiang was also like this at this time. He was aloof and unwilling to interact with others. Deeply acquainted, depressed and frustrated, he wants to find the light of life in the "black". Where is this light?
The second layer (paragraphs 7-15) writes "Morning" "The scene seen in ". The author seemed to have stayed up all night. After the baptism of night, dawn finally came. The author first explained the place and time of viewing this time as "the early morning next to a shop." With the arrival of early morning , the extremely powerful sun also broke through the heavy encirclement and "rose up to 20 degrees". It dispersed the large dark clouds, and even those remaining clouds were "much further away". The moon that accompanied the author all night now "is not close to the horizon." There is still a distance of 40 degrees", and then flashed to "this side on the port side". At this time, everything became fresh and energetic, and the author's mood also changed. He fully enjoyed these beautiful scenery bathed in the sun. The scenery. "The mountains are covered with bronze clothes", and even the "folds" are "very picturesque". Then the author focuses on describing the changes of water vapor, from "more than two feet high" to "soaring up". "More than a foot high" until it "disappeared and appeared" and finally "almost invisible". Because of the change in mood, the colors of the scenery became richer - the sky was "light purple", the mountains were The clothes are "bronze-colored", the "fat seagulls" "temporarily flash white" in the sun, the river water changes from "black beside the boat" to "iron blue in the center" to "silver gray on the shore", and the "distant" The trees on the island and the sailboats on the horizon are "very clear in color". Even the black smoke emitted by the small boats looks colorful: "at the end of the chimney, it is black; in the shadow of the boat, light green, Beige, pale; brown in the slanting sunlight." The author's observation is so meticulous and inseparable from his state of mind.
Love arises from the scenery. After quiet thinking at night, his mood became cheerful and bright. He couldn't help but sigh that "the river in the early morning is colorful." This is a natural expression of the author's joy after discovering and appreciating beauty. "The river is colorful", is the dream the author is pursuing also colorful? No. As mentioned above, his life was very unpredictable and short-lived. Under the pressure of life, he sank in Caishiji, Nanjing in December 1933, which is evidence of this. At this point, the article comes to an end and the far-reaching purpose is stated. It triggers readers' long-term thinking and aftertaste.
From the above analysis, it can be seen that "Morning and Twilight on the River" conveys the story of intellectuals in the complex and materialistic social background through the description of the "morning and twilight" scene of a "River Trip". With a certain mentality and uncertainty of fate, they long for a better life and pursue the "discovery of beauty", but the reality makes everything "sad". They have ambitions that cannot be achieved, so they can only "hide in the small building and become unified", borrowing words Come to comfort your soul and express your longing for a "colorful" life.
This article arranges the structure of the article in the order of "from summary to points", with clear ideas and rigorous structure. The author points out the discovery of this "Jiang Xing" at the beginning, and then guides the following; then he selects the scenes seen in two time and space, "under the twilight light" and "shrouded in the morning light", and closes up each one. The shots are cleverly connected and echo the above.
The emphasis on the construction of artistic conception is a major artistic feature of this article. Artistic conception is the state and mood expressed through image description in literary works. Wang Guowei pointed out in his "Human Words": "The quality of literature depends on the presence or absence of its artistic conception, and its depth." The author seems to realize this, in the article, through the various environments in "Jiang Xing" , the description of scenery creates a "self-like state" for us. The author harmoniously combines these originally unrelated colors and scenery such as "yellow river water, deep black river bank, mercury light strips, red fishing lanterns and dark sailboats" together, full of poetry and painting, forming a kind of Fresh and distant artistic conception. Another example is that in paragraph 14, the small fire wheels spitting out black smoke were originally disgusting, but the author arranged them in different color backgrounds, creating a colorful and poetic picture that makes us understand " "Jiang Xing is colorful" has a more intuitive understanding. This is how the author, through the construction of artistic conception, uses a pen dipped in color to show us pictures containing vitality and vitality on the palette of life.
The blending of scenes and the blending of emotions into the scenery add to the atmosphere of artistic conception. Plehanlov said: "Art expresses both people's emotions and people's thoughts, but not abstractly, but with vivid images." The full text is organized with "Jiang Xing" as a clue, everywhere Describing scenes also reflects the author's state of mind everywhere. From a time point of view, these scenes are "twilight" and "morning"; from a color tone point of view, they are "dark" and "bright", but the article consistently runs through a pursuit of a better life (although this may be just the author's emotion a kind of comfort) positive and bright emotional tone. In the change of scenery, the author's mood changed from "melancholy" to a little "joyful" to finally "bright". In addition, the author is very good at using a variety of words to express colors to describe the objects, which adds to the visibility and realism of the scenery. The changes in the colors of these scenery also show that they have been re-created by humans. This scenery is no longer purely a natural scenery, but it is richer and more beautiful than a natural scenery. The author's description of these scenery and the changes in their colors expresses a kind of praise for beauty and more importantly, a praise for life, achieving the effect of a harmonious blend of "things and myself".
Mr. Zhu Xiang is good at writing poems and was once called "China's Keats" by Mr. Lu Xun. This piece "Morning and Evening on the River" also reflects the formal beauty of the rhythm and rhythm of poetry that he pursued in the form of prose. In other words, "Morning and Dusk on the River" is a poetic prose. In the article, the author has grasped the rhythm of the writing. In the choice of sentence patterns, long and short sentences are interlaced, the rhythm is harmonious, and the reading is natural, friendly and smooth, showing the formal beauty of language. A long sentence such as "The river water changes from yellow on the edge of the boat to iron blue in the center to silver gray on the shore" describes the color changes of the river; another example is the use of two long sentences in the third paragraph to outline a "star*" for us. **The beautiful scenery of fishing lanterns. A short sentence like the second paragraph, when broken down, is simply a poem: Waiting for the boat/on the boat/at nine o'clock in the late autumn night/there is a bit of cold wind/the sky and the river/are dark; but/carefully Look, the river water is still floating with yellow color, and there is a deep black line in the middle. That is the south bank of the river. In the article, a large number of short sentences give people a sense of frustration, while long and soothing sentences are added from time to time to make the sentences intricate, the rhythm alternates between slow and urgent, and it is natural and harmonious. Its functions: firstly, it perfectly expresses the author's mood; secondly, it brings physical and psychological pleasure and excitement to readers, and provides them with great artistic enjoyment.