Qing Law, Qing Dian, Qing Dian, Qing Tong Zhi, Fan Liyuan Gui, Yu Wen Tong Kao, Tong Zhi, Supplement to Qing Law Collection, Kangxi Dian, Yongzheng Dian and Qianlong Dian. Imperial Etiquette Rules, Imperial Central Government Examination, Current Rules of the Ministry of Punishment, Imperial Ministry of Industry Rules, Imperial Taiwan Province Rules, Official Department Disciplinary Rules, Ministry of War Disciplinary Rules, Official Department Civil Servant Selection Rules, Tax Encyclopedia, Academic Policy Encyclopedia and Yin Sheng's Official Awards. At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the literati opposed Manchu, Manchu, Manchu, Manchu, Manchu, Manchu, Manchu, Manchu, Manchu, Manchu, Manchu, Manchu, Manchu, Manchu, Manchu, Manchu, Manchu, Manchu, Manchu, Manchu, Manchu, Manchu.
Poets and poets in this period took adherents of the Ming Dynasty who held this idea as the main body. Huang Zongxi, Gu and Wang Fuzhi are the most outstanding thinkers and scholars in this period.
Their prose, with profound skill, shows strong people's consciousness, national consciousness and thinking consciousness, which surpasses the achievements of late Ming prose to varying degrees and presents a new look; Their poems are also of high quality. Gui Zhuang, Du□, Wu Jiaji, Yan, Qian Chengzhi, Qu Dajun, Chen Gongyin, etc.
The important themes of adherents' poems are: opposition, reflection, people, nation, spear, shield, expression, present, love, country, thinking and thinking; Yan, Qian Chengzhi and Wu Jiaji also reflected the society, society and order, rank, spear and shield at that time. In style, they also have their own characteristics.
Qian and Wu were famous poets and two important writers in the early Qing Dynasty. Their identities are different from those of adherents, but the contents of their works are similar.
Money has profound knowledge and magnificent writing spirit. Before Huang, Gu and Wang, he began to change the pattern of prose in the late Ming Dynasty and expand its scale. His poetry master of Tang and Song Dynasties, after entering Qing Dynasty, is also good at writing the sense of rise and fall, in order to "never forget the old country".
Most of Wu's poems are historical events in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Their seven-character poems are full of beautiful words, sentimental feelings and harmonious syllables, which have strong appeal. Famous essayists include Wei, Wang Wan and others.
Wei is a adherent, and his works have strong national feelings and strong images. Hou Fangyu's writing style is unrestrained.
Wang's words are fluent and concise. Influenced by Qian, Gu and others, the literati in the early Qing Dynasty read a lot of books and were rich in ancient books, and they were also good at writing parallel prose, especially the parallel prose.
In the late Kangxi period, most of the unified, ruling, hardworking, solid and educated scholars grew up in the Qing Dynasty, and their life experiences were different from those of the adherents of the Ming Dynasty. Poetry in this period no longer focuses on expression, modernity, people, clan, spear, shield and order, rank, spear and shield, but is devoted to the pursuit of artistic skills, with lyric and description of mountains and rivers as the main content.
Famous poets include Shi, Zhu Zun, Cha, and so on. Wang Shi □ is the leader of the verve school.
Tea's poems are exquisitely carved and made great achievements. Zhao Zhixin pays more attention to, emphasizes, opposes, reflects, shows and is true.
In the early Qing dynasty, the ci circle also revived. Chen Weisong imitates Su Shi and Xin Qiji's bold and unconstrained style of ci, and has a large number of works. He is a representative writer of Yangxian Ci School.
Zhu Zun, the editor-in-chief of Ci Synopsis, advocated that Jiang Kui and Zhang Qian in the Southern Song Dynasty emptied the elegant style of Ci, and was the founder of Zhejiang Ci. Nalan Xingde's ci is good at drawing lines, which is similar to that of Li Yu in the Southern Tang Dynasty.
They all had a great influence on the future. Due to the evolution of literature itself and the growth of cities, cities, life, development, exhibitions, cities, people, grades and levels, the status of emerging operas and novels in the history of literature has gradually surpassed that of poetry and prose at that time since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties.
Literature in the Qing Dynasty also continued this trend, with outstanding achievements in operas and novels. The operas in the early Qing Dynasty, such as Wu's "Moling Spring" and Li Yu's "Niutoushan", expressed the country, family, decline, death and pain, and were the tortuous projections of the people, tribes, spears and shields at that time.
Li Yu and others cooperated with Pure Loyalty Spectrum to expose, expose, be an official, be an official, and the black and dark in politics, posing, fighting and contending among the streets, people, groups and masses on the stage; The concentration of plot characters has reduced the trouble of complex clues in the legendary operas of the Ming Dynasty, and the content and form are worthy of recognition. Zhu □ ()' s Fifteen Biographies and Ye ()' s Amber Spoon are also worth seeing.
Then two outstanding legends appeared: The Palace of Eternal Life by Hong and Peach Blossom Fan by Kong. The Palace of Eternal Life, with the background of the Anshi Rebellion, describes the love tragedy between Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei, criticizes the corruption, decadence and features of Guan, Jian, Zheng and Zhi, as well as the life of Li and Yang, and reflects the vast society, society, spear and shield. While praising sincere love, he paid close attention to the author's ideal.
Although there are contradictions in the handling of the theme and the protagonist's character, this plot is touching, with a strong lyrical atmosphere, and the achievements are still very high. "Peach Blossom Fan" takes the love with Li as the main line, describes the rise and fall of the Ming Dynasty, and even the collapse of the Ming Dynasty for 300 years, realizing a more successful combination of historical truth and artistic truth.
Writing the historical events before and after the Qing soldiers entered the customs directly is closer to the real struggle than the Palace of Eternal Life. The structure of the whole play is compact, which shows that Li, who lives in the aristocratic character of being bullied, humiliated, bullied, pressured, forced and placed in a position, has created the love of loyalty, defense, people, race, loyalty and chastity, country, women, women, body and image.
Its main limitation is to despise the enemies of peasants, people, uprising and rebel army in the late Ming Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, Zhang Hui's novels, such as Water Margin and Yue Biography by Qian Cai, reflected the class struggle, ethnic contradictions, performance, present, love, country, thoughts and reflections by writing stories of the previous generation.
It is an artistic achievement.
2. Is Zhejiang Gongshang University 2 1 1 key university 1? Zhejiang Gongshang University is neither a 2 1 1 engineering university nor a 985 engineering university.
2. Zhejiang 2 1 1 The list of colleges and universities is as follows: Zhejiang University.
3. The list of Zhejiang 985 universities is as follows: Zhejiang University.
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65438 +0. 2 1 1 project, that is, the construction of 2 1 century about 100 colleges and universities and a number of key disciplines, is the largest and highest-level key construction work initiated by the state in the field of higher education since the founding of New China, and is the implementation of China's strategy of "rejuvenating the country through science and education".
2. Zhejiang Gongshang University is a key university jointly established by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Commerce and the people of Zhejiang Province. Its predecessor was Hangzhou Secondary Commercial School, which was founded in 19 1 1. It is one of the earliest schools in China to train business talents in modern times. 65438-0980 Hangzhou University of Commerce was established with the approval of the State Council, and was renamed Zhejiang Gongshang University with the approval of the Ministry of Education in 2004. The school has always been under the central ministries and commissions such as the former Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Internal Trade. 1998, from the original colleges directly under the Ministry of Commerce to "central and local * * * buildings, focusing on local management". For more than 100 years, the school has been adhering to the tradition of running a business school. The school focuses on economic management, with the coordinated development of law, engineering and other disciplines, and the level of running a school is constantly improving. It has built a first-class financial university with distinctive business characteristics in China.
3. Zhejiang University, referred to as "Zhejiang University", is located in Hangzhou, a paradise on earth. Qiushi Academy, formerly known as 1897, is one of the earliest new institutions of higher learning founded by China people themselves. 1928 was awarded as Zhejiang University. During the Kuomintang period, under the leadership of Zhu Kezhen, Zhejiang University rose to be one of the highest universities in the Republic of China, and was praised as "Oriental Cambridge" by Joseph Needham, a British historian of science, which ushered in the most glorious period in the history of Zhejiang University in the past 100 years. Zhu Kezhen, the old president, became the greatest person in the history of Zhejiang University because of his historical contribution, and established the motto of "seeking truth" and the classical Chinese "School Song of Zhejiang University" for Zhejiang University.
3. What are the specific contents of the 22 catch-up rules of Zheshang? Twenty-two catching-up rules of Zhejiang businessmen (see Baidu Encyclopedia:/view/2360783 for details):1 Keep watching CCTV- 1 news broadcast. If we want to seize the economic lifeline, we must pay attention to the political situation. News broadcast is really the best barometer for China businessmen.
2. Don't trust contracts or contracts easily. Even if the contract is seen by your lawyer and notarized by the notary office, even if your client has remitted the money to your designated account, you must confirm it. You must keep your promise. If you want to be a businessman all the time, you must establish your own credibility.
4. Don't give the other person a chance to explain the lies with lies, except those who don't keep their promises. It's best not to do business that can win but may not lose. Before doing any business, you must consider whether you can afford to lose, and it is best not to do what you can't afford to lose.
6, don't invest too much in advance, leave yourself a foot card, until the last critical moment, it is best not to show the most weighty card in your hand, the final winner is the real winner. 7. Nothing in the world is impossible, but a businessman does something because of low profit and low risk.
8. Choose partners carefully. Close comrades must choose carefully, carefully and carefully. Caution is not just for each other. 9. Don't have the shadow of your family in your team just because the team with you as the core accepts you, not your family.
10, don't tell your woman the details of your business. First, if you say it, they may not understand. Second, there may be something in it that will cause you trouble; Third, it may involve trade secrets. 1 1. Don't evade taxes. This is what a businessman should do.
12 but a shrewd businessman should learn to avoid taxes reasonably. 13, don't trust journalists and the media too much. You can't tell reporters a lot about you, and you can't trust journalists to keep business secrets for you. You must learn to face journalists and guard against them.
14, not big, even if you are really the boss, not big on any occasion, even if you are really big. 15. Stay neutral and don't get involved in political factional disputes. Facts have proved that it is dangerous and unwise to pin the hope of commercial interests on either side of factional disputes. You must remain calm and neutral in factional disputes.
16, don't care too much about the gains and losses of money and interests. Naturally, you can't earn a lot of money and business opportunities, so why not be generous in front of money and interests? 17, don't spend too much money to whitewash yourself. Of course, you can wear your favorite "inline" cloth shoes, or you can smoke your own inferior cigarettes in front of many people! 18, capital determines the right to speak, but you should not easily let others know how much you have the right to speak. It is correct to care about your own capital and the capital you can control. Even you should be concerned about your bad debts, cash income and cash flow, but these should not be known to too many people. 19. Summarize the success or failure of others. Don't envy others' success, let alone despise others' failure. Find out all the reasons why others fail or succeed, learn from their strengths and make up for their shortcomings.
20. Don't use heretical rules to solve business conflicts. Business has its own rules of the game. You must abide by all the rules of the game in business. If you are willing to gamble, you must admit defeat! 2 1, under the premise of grasping the overall situation, don't pursue everything, don't let yourself have no time to communicate with friends, and the most important thing is not to let yourself have no time to relax and think. Of course, you must firmly grasp the core part of the business yourself.
22. Leave yourself a way out to prevent betrayal. You can rally after years of silence, but you can't fall and never get up, so you must leave yourself a way out.
4. High school classical Chinese Jinan Zhifu Zhuangjunchuan translation Jinan Zhifu Zhuangjunchuan Zhang Huiyan Zhuangjunjun, word, self-name Xue Po, ancestors moved from Zhenjiang Jintan to Wujin.
After that, there were many descendants. Wujin's words, the imperial clan pushed the Zhuang family, and even the ten gentlemen.
You are less educated than your father Liu, but you are more upright. At the beginning of Qianlong, Liu patrolled the Jifu River.
In the nineteenth year of his reign, Liu joined the shogunate and participated in water conservancy. Liu was very surprised. At that time, the governor of Zhili held high praise for being a river worker, saying, "Who has the talent of Zhuang, and who didn't try early?" That is, according to its name, make up Bazhou sentences.
Ding Fu was in a difficult situation, but he was awarded an official position in Jinan, Shandong Province and died in the official position. You are not only good at learning water conservancy, but also good at governing the people. You are in a big house, and you can do whatever you want.
All the counties who lived in dynasties made remarkable achievements, but the gentleman was humble and never spoke for himself. And your death, his son is still young, so I can't know your details, and I have four things about people that Zhuo Zhuo said.
One thing: there is water in the west of Zhang Er, Cizhou. Between summer and autumn, the water is flowing and overflowing, and there is no shortage of land for hundreds of miles. At the age of Tang, officials along the river built dikes for defense.
Collapse, increase again, of course. When he arrived in Zhangzhou, he said, "The water side is fierce, and scraping the embankment is also a fight. Please cross the river to guide it.
"The governor of public, unattended, can report. It will be very painful to wear it.
The second thing is: Zhangzhou is on the verge of despair, and there are thousands of hectares of abandoned land. Therefore, the people's field was also defeated by water, but only existed, and the official was responsible for knocking on the garden. Please ask the governor to smell it and do your best.
The people's shrine is on the water in Zhangzhou. The third thing is: Ruzhou, formerly known as Wei, Wei has four villages.
Wei Zhi stopped for the state, and Zhu Tun was two or three hundred miles away from the state, far away from the corvee, thinking that he was ill. If it is a state, it will be exempted, and the people will set up a stone to recite.
The fourth thing is: you were a famous politician at the beginning, and at the age of 20, you were in a drought, so you kept the road and asked for millet relief. "Will you be a satrap?" The Taoist said. Who will get it? "Jun said," The government went to save thousands of miles, and the text went back and forth for ten days.
Hungry people die at dusk, why complain about the clouds? Magistrate, please appoint. "In the name of Liyuan City, the valley is forty mangoku, and it is out with the people.
Since Governor Zhou Gong played it, there are 40,000 stones to restore and alleviate the valley, and the people are not hungry. It's Qiu nian
Zhang Huiyan said, "Your son made friends with you. It is said that when you were in Dong 'an, the river burst, and you went there by boat, and the boat and servants drowned in the middle stream. Jumping and shouting, "these are my good parents!" " "What goes into the water will come out.
And those who go to fame and the people cry away are endless. I think people in the world are not as emotional as ancient people. Look at Jun, how is it possible! I'm sorry that you didn't make full use of your facilities, but you can't spread it.
I have tasted the taste of celebrities and can still help the people. (Selected from Wen Bian of Ming Ke, with some deletions) Zhuang Jun, whose name is Xuepo, moved from Jintan in Zhenjiang to Wujin.
There will be many outstanding people in the future. When Wujin people talk about clans, they admire the Zhuang family. It has been ten generations since Zhuang Jun. Zhuang Jun grew up with his grandfather Liu Wenge when he was a child.
In the early years of Qianlong, Gong Liu sent a patrol to repair the river near Gyeonggi. Zhuang Jun was nineteen at that time. He followed the shogunate of Gong Liu and gave him advice on water conservancy many times. Gong Liu was very surprised.
At this time, the governor of Zhili, Gao Mou, is recommending officials who are capable of managing river regulation projects, saying, "Who has such talents as Zhuang Jun? Why not try it with officials earlier?" Immediately report Zhuang Jun's name to the court and let him be the judge of Bazhou. After his father died, Zhuang Jun went home to pay his respects.
After the funeral, he was given an official position in Jinan, Shandong Province, and died in office. Zhuang Jun is not only familiar with water conservancy affairs, but also good at governing the people. The local governors are scrambling to appoint him.
All the counties he governed had outstanding achievements, but Zhuang Jun was modest and prudent and never boasted of his achievements. After his death, his son was too young to know Zhuang Jun's situation in detail, and he only got four excellent things that were praised.
The first thing is that there are two Zhanghe rivers in Cizhou, which converge to the west. In summer and autumn, floods come and spread everywhere, and sometimes there is no land within hundreds of miles of Fiona Fang. Local officials collect goods tax every year and build dams to resist floods.
People usually increase the height of a dam when it breaks. When Zhuang Jun arrived in Cizhou, he suggested: "When the water is surging, it is a struggle with the flood. Please allow me to dig a river to divert flood water. "
The governor realized that what he said was reasonable, so he went to the court for advice, and the court approved his practice. According to Zhuang Jun's idea of digging a river, the disaster of water intake was calmed down.
The second thing: there are thousands of hectares of abandoned fields near Zhangshui River, which used to be the fields of the people. After being destroyed by the Zhangshui River, the tax remained. Officials use criminal law to guide people to pay taxes. Zhuang Jun asked the governor to report the situation to the court, and all these taxes were exempted.
In order to commemorate him, people built an ancestral temple at the water's edge of Zhangshui. The third thing: Ruzhou used to have an army, and there are four garrisons below.
After the withdrawal, the four garrisons were merged into Ruzhou, but these garrisons were two or three hundred miles away from Ruzhou, and the corvee journey was far away, which the people thought inconvenient. When Zhuang Jun governed Ruzhou, he was relieved of the corvee of the people in those areas, and the people there erected a monument to praise him.
The fourth thing: At first, Zhuang Jun was in charge of Daming Mansion. During the drought that year, he went to visit a Taoist priest and asked for food distribution to help the victims. "Do you want to act without authorization?" asked the Taoist. Who is responsible for the problem? " Zhuang Jun said, "The state capital is thousands of miles away from Taiwan Province Province, and it must take a month for the paperwork to go back and forth.
Hungry people are starving to death. What's wrong with that? Please let me take responsibility. "Zhuang Jun immediately sent a message to Daming Yuancheng, took out four hundred mangoku food for the victims.
After distributing the food, Governor Zhou Gong went to the imperial court, and the imperial court ordered another 40,000 stones of food for disaster relief. Nobody is hungry. There is a bumper harvest of grain this autumn.
I said: Zhuang Jun's son Zhuangzi and I are friends. Zhuangzi said that in Dong 'an, the river suddenly rose and Zhuang Jun was crossing the river with a boat. When he reached the middle of the river, the boat capsized and all the servants fell into the river. Someone jumped up and shouted, "Our virtuous parents drowned!" Jump into the water immediately and turn Zhuang Jun out of the river.
When Zhuang Jun left Daming, the people who came to see him off in tears stretched for hundreds of miles. I think most people in the world say that people's feelings in today's world are not as good as in ancient times. Is Zhuang Jun like this? It's a pity that Zhuang Jun didn't fully display his talents, and his deeds can't be passed down.
I have been to Daming.