Life is precious, but love is more expensive. If it is freedom, you can lose both. "Life is precious, love is more expensive. If it is freedom, both can be lost. " Mention this poem, which has been widely read around the world for more than 100 years, people will think of its author, Hungarian poet Petofi.
However, in the special political atmosphere of China in 1960s, "petofi Club" once again became an ominous term. If we look back at the history objectively, we can know that the great Hungarian poet was a heroic soldier in the European Revolution in 1848, and was deeply concerned and praised by Marx and Engels. His poems also left an extremely valuable literary legacy for the oppressed peoples all over the world.
■ Growing up in the struggle environment for national freedom and eulogizing love 1823 65438+ 10 1 Petfi Sándor was born in a Hungarian town on the Afdeping Plain on the Danube under the rule of the Austrian Empire. His father was a poor Slavic butcher and his mother was a serf in Madzar. According to the law at that time, his family was at the bottom of society.
Part of their ancestors came from Hungary, and they were Xiongnu tribes who moved westward in China in the Han Dynasty. They were characterized by the fierce collision between eastern and western cultures and occupied a special position in European history. Due to long-term discrimination and oppression by neighboring ethnic groups, Hungarians are good at using poetry as a horn to inspire their national struggle for nearly a thousand years, and a large number of outstanding patriotic poets have emerged in modern times.
/kloc-after the 0/7th century, Hungary has been ruled by the Austrian Empire, losing its independent status, and the uprising struggle for freedom broke out one after another. Living in this environment, petofi was willing to listen to the legend of the uprising led by the national hero Hoss when he was a teenager.
In the pub, he chatted with his companions about the story of the Hungarian people's struggle for independence, which left a deep imprint on his young mind. This "free forum" atmosphere has also greatly promoted the development and progress of petofi language. I can talk freely in Hungarian and Slovak at an early age, and I have a certain foundation in Latin.
1835, 12-year-old poor boy petofi had the opportunity to study in Aused. In three years, he showed his intelligence, completed his studies, and organized a progressive student group to read and study the history of the French Revolution and the works of Hungarian classical writers. 1838, petofi wrote his first satirical poem "Farewell".
This poem inherits and develops the tradition of Hungarian classical poetry, and initially embodies the characteristics of the popularization of poetic language that he followed all his life. He is a soldier, a wandering actor and an assistant editor of Pace Fashion. Rich social experience deepened his creative source.
1846 In September, 23-year-old Petofi met Sendley Yuria, the daughter of Count Naudts, at the dance. The purity and frankness of this slim and beautiful girl with pale blue eyes made the young poet fall in love at first sight, but the earl who owns a lot of land estates refused to marry his daughter to a poor poet like petofi.
In the face of resistance, petofi's affection for Julia maesa is still irresistible. In half a year's time, he sent out a series of love poems, such as to Julia maesa, I am a loving person, you love spring, the bleak autumn wind whispered in the forest, and gave me twenty kisses at once. The treasures in these lyric poems encouraged You Liya to break the shackles of his father and family and enter the wedding hall with Petofi a year later.
At this moment, the European land has been surging with the torrent of revolution, and the uprising of the Hungarian people is also like surging magma. Petofi's honeymoon was mixed with joy and melancholy.
Unwilling to indulge in private life, he wrote the famous proverb poem "Freedom and Love": "Life is precious, love is more expensive …" This masterpiece is a touching poem, which inspired the progressive youth in the world in the next hundred years. ■ Strive for national independence with poetry and passion. 1in the spring of 848, the ethnic and class contradictions in Hungary under the rule of Austria have reached a white-hot level.
Petofi witnessed the people being invaded and enslaved and shouted, "Are we going to be slaves for generations? Will we never have freedom and equality? " The poet began to closely link the ideal with the revolution, determined to rely on the poor people to fight, and wrote a series of concise poems as a horn to inspire people to move towards the national democratic revolution. On March 14, 2004, he and other uprising leaders agreed on the uprising in a cafe in Perth, and adopted the political program "Twelve Articles" aimed at bourgeois reform. That night, Petofi wrote the uprising "Song of the Nation": Hungarians, get up, the motherland is calling! We should do it now, it's not too late! Do you want to be a free man or a slave? Choose for yourself, that's the problem! 15 in the morning, the March Uprising in Perth, which shocked the world, began. More than 10000 insurgents gathered in front of the National Museum, and petofi recited his Song of the Country in public.
The insurgents were thunderous and quickly occupied Budapest, making it the center of the European revolution at that time. In April of the following year, the Hungarian Parliament also adopted the Declaration of Independence and established the Republic.
Engels once pointed out: "Hungary is the only country that completely abolished farmers' feudal obligations in law and practice since the March Revolution. "In the face of the Budapest Uprising, Ferdinand, the Austrian emperor determined to maintain the old order in Europe, immediately joined forces with Russian Tsar Nicholas I, and 340,000 Russian-Austrian Coalition forces violently pressed Hungary with a population of only 5 million.
At the time of national crisis, petofi wrote to Bem, the most skillful general: "Please let me go to war with you. Of course, I will still try my best to serve the motherland with my pen ... "In the war-torn year of 1848, petofi wrote as many as 106 lyric poems. In June 5438+the following year 10, petofi became a major officer. He wrote poems and took up arms directly against the Russian-Austrian Coalition forces.
■ Sacrificed by the Cossack cavalry spear, he left more than 800 poems in his short life. 1in the summer of 849, the Hungarian Revolutionary Army fought to the last moment under the oppression of powerful enemies. On the morning of July 3 1, General Bem formed a cavalry unit with 300 men who could fight, and specifically told petofi to stay before the battle began.
The poet disobeyed the general.
2. Wu Yueshi in July
Fire is full in July, and clothes are delivered in September.
The first day I was fat, the next day I was fierce.
No clothes, no brown, why did you die?
On the third and fourth day, I stood on tiptoe.
With my daughter-in-law, I'm glad to see you in the south!
Fire is full in July, and clothes are delivered in September.
In spring, the sun shines and Amin is in the sky.
The woman followed behind with a basket, begging for soft mulberry?
Spring came and Qi Qi was adopted.
The woman was so sad that she almost took her son home.
Fire is full in July and reeds are full in August.
Silkworm, moon, mulberry, pick up the axe,
I'm afraid of mulberry if I want to cut far and wide.
Singing in July, achievement in August.
I'm Zhu Kongyang. I'm a son.
Beautiful in April, singing in May.
Harvest in August and fall in October.
A day to raccoon, fox, for the child.
The next day, they were still the same, carrying martial arts.
Privately, publicly.
In May, geese move, and in June, pheasants vibrate.
July in the wild, August in the rest, September at home,
October cricket, come down to my bed.
The dome suffocated the mice and stuffed them into the door.
Hey, my wife, she said she wanted to change her age and entered this room.
In June, the food is bitter, and in July, the sunflower and glutinous rice are cooked.
Peel dates in August and get rice in October.
To this end, spring wine, with the help of eyebrows.
Eat melons in July, break pots in August, and uncle in September.
Pay for picking tea and eat my farmer.
Nursery will be built in September and crops will be harvested in October.
The millet is heavy, and the grass is shelled.
Well, I am a farmer. Because I have the same crops, I went to work in the palace.
The day is in the grass and the night is in the rope.
I was so anxious to hitch a ride in the house that I began to broadcast Baigu.
The next day, I cut the ice and rushed, and on the third day, Lingyin was satisfied.
On the fourth day, its flea sacrificed the lamb to the leek.
First frost in September, washing the floor in October.
Friends drink and say they killed the lamb.
Go to the court and call him: Long life is boundless!
To annotate ...
3. Are there any foreign poems? Life is precious, but love is more expensive. If you are free, you can throw both.
Author: petofi? Sando (1823— 1849) is a famous patriotic fighter and poet in Hungary. At the age of 25, he led an armed uprising in Budapest, the capital of Hungary, which later turned into a great patriotic war. In the battle with the Austrian rulers with the assistance of the Tsar's army, petofi galloped on the battlefield with poetry as a weapon, holding a combat knife and a quill pen, and finally died heroically on the battlefield at the age of 26 years and 7 months.
After petofi's sacrifice, he left a large number of well-known poems, among which Freedom and Love is the most familiar poem for readers in China.
As early as 1907, petofi's life and works were introduced to China, and the great writer Lu Xun was the first to make a contribution. Lu Xun wrote Hope and&; lt； Rush & gt； Many articles, such as the editor's postscript, recommended and introduced petofi with great enthusiasm. Petofi's immortal poem Freedom and Love was translated by Yin Fu, a famous poet in China, who was one of the "Five Martyrs of the Federation of Literary and Art Circles" in 1929. The translation is as follows:
"Life is precious, and the price of love is higher. If you are free, you can throw both. "