Classical poetry is a poetic style relative to "modern style". Before the formation of modern poetry, all kinds of poetic styles except Chu Ci were also called archaic and archaic. It is written according to the practice of ancient poetry, and its form is relatively free, and it is not bound by metrical rules. It is informal, flat and steady, and rhymes widely. All the sentences rhyme except the seven-character white sentence.
There are many ancient poems with five words and seven words, which are referred to as "five ancient" and "seven ancient" for short. Miscellaneous words often have one word crossing, which is generally a mixture of three, four, five and seven words, mainly seven words, so they are customarily classified into the category of seven unique words. Since the Han and Wei Dynasties, Yuefu poems were originally accompanied by music, including songs, lines, songs and words. The Tang Dynasty imitated the previous Yuefu. Some famous works that set new topics, such as Du Fu's Three Officials, Three Farewells and Bai Juyi's New Yuefu, are out of tune and belong to the category of ancient poetry. In addition, before the Tang Dynasty, there were quatrains with four sentences as the unit, or "archaic quatrains", and there were writers in the Tang Dynasty, which was different from the recent quatrains in paying attention to even and even words.
There is an interactive relationship between ancient poetry and modern poetry in the process of development. In the late Northern and Southern Dynasties, some poems began to emphasize rhythm and duality, but they have not yet formed a complete metrical form, which is a transitional form between ancient poetry and modern poetry, or "new poetry".
Some ancient poems in the Tang Dynasty tend to be legalist, such as Wang Bo's Tengwangge, which is an ancient poem, but it is flat and harmonious, with eight sentences, similar to two seven-character quatrains and two rhymes. After the metrical poems in the Tang Dynasty were finalized, poets, such as Wang Wei and others, often incorporated nearly-aspect sentences into their ancient prose. There are also many legalistic sentences. However, some poets consciously distinguish themselves from the near body and often use awkward sentences or essays. Li Bai, Du Fu and Han Yu all created something. Later, scholars in the Ming and Qing Dynasties consciously noticed the phenomenon that ancient poetry merged with law and used clumsy sentences to avoid law. In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Shi-□ thought that ancient poems were even numbers, so Zhao Zhixin, Weng Fanggang and others specialized in studying the tones of ancient poems. Their research,
The concept of modern poetry;
Modern poetry can be divided into five words and seven words in sentence pattern; In terms of space, there are two kinds of metrical poems and quatrains. There are five kinds and seven kinds of metrical poems. The whole poem is in quadruplicate, the first two sentences are called the first couplet, the third and fourth sentences are called the platoon couplet, the fifth and sixth sentences are called the neck couplet, and the seventh and eighth sentences are called the tail couplet. The two couplets in the middle demand antithesis. The second, fourth, sixth and eighth sentences must rhyme at the end.
Modern poetry, also known as modern poetry ("modern" and "modern" are Tang Dynasty terms), emphasizes strict meter. Modern poetry has four basic requirements: first, it stipulates the number of sentences and words; The second is to rhyme according to the prescribed rhyme department; Third, the words of the upper sentence and the lower sentence are required to be flat, right and sticky; Fourth, it is stipulated that some sentences should use words, that is, nouns to nouns, verbs to verbs, adjectives to adjectives, etc.
Modern poetry is divided into two categories: (1) metrical poetry, which consists of eight sentences, five of which are called five-character metrical poetry and seven are called seven-character metrical poetry; (2) quatrains consist of four sentences, five of which are called five-character quatrains and seven are called seven-character quatrains.
The difference between ancient poetry and modern poetry;
The number of sentences in an ancient poem can be more or less; Every modern poem has a definite sentence, which stipulates that there are only four quatrains and eight metrical poems.
Second, the number of words in ancient poetry is uncertain, including four words, five words, six words, seven words and miscellaneous words; Modern poetry and sentences have definite characters, and only five or seven words are popular, so they cannot be added or subtracted at will.
The rhyme of Sangu's poems is not rigorous, the rhyme foot can be even, and the rhyme can be variable; Modern poetry has a strict rhythm. Generally speaking, it should be leveled to the end, without changing rhyme.
The four ancient poems have extremely extensive requirements for the fluency of rhyme; Most modern poems have strict requirements on the level of words.
Five ancient poems do not require antithesis; In addition to quatrains, modern poetry also requires antithesis in a designated position.
[attention]
1 The rhyme of modern poetry is very strict. No matter quatrains, metrical poems or poems, they must rhyme to the end. Rhyme (also called "falling rhyme") is a taboo in modern poetry.
Modern poetry takes rhyme as a positive example, and quatrains and quatrains with rhyme are very rare. Rhyme is very similar to archaism, which can often be considered as "legalistic archaism", because modern poetry is mainly based on rhyme after all.
In addition to the five laws and seven laws, there are occasional six-character poems, which are as rare as the five-seven-character three-rhyme poems.
The characteristics of new poetry:
China's new poems came into being with the May 4th New Culture Movement, and China's literature entered a glorious modern period. Poetry after the May 4th Movement is regarded as an independent stage and a special part of China's poetry, which is called new poetry, not only because it belongs to modernity in time, but also because it reflects the modernization process of China's poetry, which is the modern significance of poetry. As far as its mainstream is concerned, the characteristics of new poetry are as follows: (1), as the pioneer and column of modern literature in China, under the cultural enlightenment of science and democracy, based on modern democracy and socialist ideological trend, it shows concern for the destiny of people, nation and country, and has been strengthened in the breadth and depth of the personality of the subject of creation, the self-awareness of the object of description and socialization as never before. (2) Change the poetic language as a breakthrough. With the vernacular as a weapon, he experienced a real "poetry revolution", broke away from the old tradition and consciously got rid of the strict rules of classical poetry, and finally realized the "great liberation of poetic style" and "changed from a poem very close to the old poem to a very free new poem", thus forming a brand-new poetic form completely independent of traditional poetry and establishing a new tradition of modern poetry. During the May 4th Movement, our new poetry basically borrowed the melody form of foreign poetry (mainly English poetry) (Zhu Guangqian's What New Poetry Learned from the Old Poetry Theory), so it was a new branch of the world's progressive literary tradition accumulated for hundreds of years, and it was a "completely heterogeneous leap" in the evolution history of China's poetry, which determined that China's new poetry constantly accepted foreign influences and melted its own national style. But breaking and not breaking does not mean breaking, but sublating and absorbing, criticizing and inheriting, that is, bringing forth the old and bringing forth the new. Without innovation, there will be no innovation in Kerwin Chen. The new poems of each era are always created on the basis of folk songs and previous generations, absorbing new factors from other nationalities, but their roots must be deeply rooted in the soil of social real life.
As far as people know, Hu Shi is the earliest pioneer of new poetry. Try vernacular poetry from1915-1916. From the beginning, he attacked in the direction of breaking the most stubborn language form of old poetry: "If you want to have new content and new spirit, you must first break the shackles of the spirit." How to write poetry ",he once said:" From the beginning of the poetry revolution, poetry should be written as a composition ",and he called this" poetic exploration "an" attempt "and summarized it as" the great solution of poetic style "(On New Poetry).