Key words interpretation of artistic conception The key text of poetry appreciation, Mr. Wang Guowei, a master of Chinese studies, said in his "Revised Draft of Human Ci": It is not so much temperament charm as realm. The realm he said is artistic conception. What is artistic conception? Meaning is subjective thoughts and feelings, and environment is objective life and scenery. In works of art, the harmony between meaning and environment constitutes the artistic conception. Artistic conception is the aesthetic center of all works of art, and its greatest function is to express feelings and wishes. Poets pay special attention to the creation of artistic conception when creating poems. Therefore, the key to appreciate poetry is to interpret the artistic conception of poetry.
Generally speaking, poetic artistic conception has three basic characteristics: imagery, lyricism and generality, which can be firmly grasped when interpreting poetic artistic conception. Combined with some poems in middle school Chinese textbooks, I talk about my understanding of the three characteristics of poetic artistic conception.
1, visualization. In the artistic conception of poetry, image is the foundation. First, because the image is three-dimensional, intimate and sensible, it is easy to mobilize the reader's sensory organs and make them participate in aesthetic activities. Second, because emotion is abstract, image is concrete. Without images, emotions cannot be fully expressed artistically. Qu Yuan's attachment to the capital of Chu is an abstract emotion, but only by using the image of looking back and lamenting autumn and winter in Hubei and Bamboo can the abstract emotion be felt concretely. The happiness of Meng Jiao Imperial Examination Center is also a subjective emotion, but with the horseshoe disease of spring breeze, this subjective emotion will be revealed after seeing the image of Chang 'an Flower in one day.
Image is the scenery. Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets is spring in the sky; Leaves fall like the waves of a waterfall, and I watch the long river roll forward, which is the autumn scenery; The mountain side looks like a peak, and the mountain scenery is different; Flying down three thousand, nine days later, it was suspected to be a galaxy waterscape; Sneaking into the night with the wind, moistening things silently is a rainy scene; Just like the strong wind in spring, the petals of ten thousand pear trees blown open at night are snow scenes; Sunrise is better than fire, and spring is the scenery of Jiangnan. The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river falls in yen, which is the scenery of the north; Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that other mountains look very short under the sky. It is a mountain overlooking the scenery; On a frosty night, fishing in Jiangfeng is a scene of sleepless nights in Hanjiang. Holding hands to see tears is a silent sad scene of lovers; Jinge Tiema, swallowing Wan Li, is a scene of a great warrior fighting. All these show that the artistic conception of poetry cannot be separated from images.
The images in the artistic conception of poetry are vivid, not dull; It is vivid, not vague. Xin Qiji's "Xijiang Moon" (Night on Huangsha Road) depicts the characteristics of summer nights in mountainous areas from the perspectives of vision (bright moon and starry sky), touch (breeze), hearing (frogs) and smell (rice fragrance). To spread the scenery and connect the images, from the air to the ground, from the front of the mountain to the sky, from the real scene to the virtual scene, from the real scene to the fragrant flowers. Vivid images bring readers into a rural world that is visible, audible, tangible and full of emotion.
2. Lyric. To construct artistic conception, image is the foundation and lyricism is the purpose. Lyricism here does not mean to express one's feelings directly, but rather to express feelings in the scenery and through the scenery. The reason why artistic conception can infect readers is that images have entrusted the poet's emotions, and images have become the embodiment of the poet's emotions. The poet applies these subjective feelings to the scenery, and the scenery is painted with corresponding emotional colors. This is commonly referred to as empathy and emotion. This is exactly what Du Fu said in his poem. Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sadness.
Writing about scenery is for love. Such as weeding at noon, sweating down the soil, showing sympathy for farmers; This body is in the forest of ice and snow, and different peaches and plums blend with each other to express their lofty aspirations; Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! Express the joy of returning to China; In the morning, the reason for waste and filth is to return to the fields with lotus hoes; Curtain rolls west wind, people are thinner than yellow flowers to talk about the suffering of acacia; We waved goodbye, and Mix Ban Ma Ming said the pain of farewell; Under the beaver temple, a crow club clamored for national subjugation; What does it smell like at dusk? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's moaning of hatred for moving away. All these show that the scenery in poetry is set by emotion, and writing scenery is the best means to express emotion.
All scenery words are love words. Li Bai's "Send Bai Di City Early" is a poem written by the poet when he was suddenly pardoned in exile and returned to the East by boat. The cries of apes on both sides of the strait are still unconsciously crowing in their ears, and the canoe has passed the heavy green hills. The poet expressed his eagerness and excitement when he came home with the splendor of colorful clouds, the speed of canoes and the joy of apes. Ape sounds are generally used to render a sad atmosphere, such as apes singing three tears and touching petticoats, and apes whimpering from the vast sky in a sharp wind. But at the moment, the poet is in a happy mood, and even the ape sound has become cheerful and cordial. Similarly, Liu's "Complaining about People" shows people's full resentment through the objective description of Bai Xue, Qing Mausoleum, Yellow River and Montenegro. Sometimes, there is not a word in poetry that directly expresses feelings, but there is not a word that does not express feelings. This is to integrate feelings into the landscape and express the beauty of feelings through the landscape.
The feelings in the artistic conception are often expressed through the whole realm, so judging what kind of feelings are contained in the artistic conception of a poem should also focus on the overall situation. Xin Qiji's Qing Ping Le? Village, pen low and small. The low hut looked shabby and shabby. But on the whole, it is a beautiful and quiet environment outside, and a warm and harmonious family inside. Although this hut is low and narrow, it is more energetic and affectionate than many tall buildings. It is precisely because of this hut that the whole picture is more real, natural, simple and fresh, thus showing the author's praise. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Yan constructed an artistic conception of chasing lovers in Linjiang Xian. If you only pay attention to one sentence, you can't understand the author's true feelings. Only by linking the two sentences before and after, can we realize that the author is expressing the pain of lovesickness through comparison and foil: being independent of falling flowers and drizzle, watching two swallows and thinking about the people in my heart, the heartless swallows can fly with me, while the sentient people are lonely and independent. At this moment, can we not feel sad and sad?
3. General. The artistic conception of poetry is an artistic image of the unity of subject and object, so the scene entering the artistic conception should be highly generalized and typical, not natural scenes, and should not be a record of life scenes. Facing the natural life picture, the poet filters with concrete emotions, first removing the scenery that can't arouse specific emotions, and then removing the miscellaneous details that can't fully arouse specific emotions. After filtering, what remains is the essence of realistic beauty with emotional characteristics. According to the needs, the poet selects representative parts and carries out appropriate collocation and combination, thus creating a distinctive artistic image of scene blending. This is the process of the poet summing up the scenery.
Liu Yong's "Yulinling" is far away, thousands of miles away, and the twilight is heavy. This is the realm of the imaginary journey of the author and his lover in tears. During the journey of thousands of miles, you may encounter different shades of scenery, but the author only chooses smoke waves, dusk and chutian, because the cold smoke waves, dim yellow and dark sky can best arouse and express the author's subjective feelings at that time. At the same time, the misty waves are vast and the twilight is boundless. Chutian is both representative and hierarchical, creating a cold and silent artistic conception. Who knows where I am when I am awake tonight? Yang Liuan, Xiao Feng and the waning moon. This is the state that the author imagined to be drunk on the way. Why choose willow, breeze and waning moon? Because they are endowed with special significance by people, and they are all cool scenery in autumn. Imagine: drifting alone on the Qiu Jiang, waking up drunk, without the warmth of lovers, only the waning moon is like a hook, and the breeze is cold, which makes people sad, while the willows are reluctant to part, how can they not make people feel worried and ecstatic?
In order to convey the artistic conception to readers and have a strong appeal, the organization and tempering of language is also very important, because readers can only enter the artistic conception through the medium of language. A high degree of language generalization can express the richest content with the most economical pen and ink. Su Shi's flying stones flew over the air and hit the shore, rolling up thousands of piles of snow, and summed up the majestic momentum of Huangshan Chibi with three vivid verbs, creating a high-spirited and open artistic conception, which can be described as a thousand words. In particular, a writing hobby permeates the back of a paper, not only writing potential, but also writing sound. It not only wrote about the surging waves, but also wrote about the precipitousness of the shore, which brought readers into that thrilling realm at once. Jiang Kui's 24 Bridges are still there, the waves are swaying, Leng Yue is silent, a cold word, a cold word about our season, a cold word about the scene, and a cold word about our hearts. In this sentence, the realm is exhausted, expressing the sadness of a country's ruin.
Because artistic conception is a highly generalized artistic image, it is thousands of miles away, so it can make readers feel that there is a scene outside the scene, there is a smell outside the scene, there are endless words, and there are endless meanings. This is the implicit beauty produced by artistic generalization. Who knows Jiang Kui's poem "Red Medicine by the Bridge" every year, and the image of "Red Medicine" is ignorant and self-opening, reflecting the sadness in the author's heart: Yangzhou, once prosperous, is now desolate, but Red Medicine is ignorant and still smiles at the spring, but who will appreciate it? Isn't it sad to add sadness to ignorance? Through this image, readers can not only imagine Yao Hong's pity and incomprehension, but also imagine the author's sadness in the face of Yao Hong's pity and the depression and neglect of the empty city. This is actually an accusation against the invaders, a criticism of the Southern Song Dynasty's rule, and an expectation of recovering the rivers and mountains. Therefore, we say that in this realm, there are both sad and cold feelings, which can only be obtained through thinking, but not at a glance.
Wang Zhihuan's Liangzhou Ci is an isolated city, Wan Ren, between the distant mountains of the Yellow River and the white clouds. Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing! The author constructs the realm of Gushan city and strong flute blowing resentment, and the whole realm falls on a word of resentment. The last two sentences are puns. On the surface, it means that it is close to Yumenguan, and the spring breeze can't move, so it is desolate. This is limited by natural conditions. Brother Qiang, why did you play the song "Broken Willow" to complain? In fact, it means: the favor of the court will not be given to the border soldiers. What's the use of complaining? Saying no complaints is really a deep complaint, and saying no complaints is really a complaint to the court. Very subtle and tactful, winding path leading to a secluded place, really subtle enough.
Image is the foundation, lyricism is the purpose, and generalization is the process and carrier, which constitutes the basic characteristics of poetic artistic conception. Grasping the image, understanding the emotion and savoring the language can easily interpret the poetic mood. Understanding the artistic conception of poetry will solve other problems of poetry appreciation.