Including: ① divide first, then sum, then sum, then divide third, and sum-divide-sum. 2. parallelism: in a paragraph, write several aspects around a meaning. There is no primary and secondary distinction between sentences, only juxtaposition. 3. Causality: Generally, a paragraph has two meanings: one is to write the reason, and the other is to write the result, which constitutes causality. Some are due to the consequences first, and some are due to the consequences later. 4. Inheritance: The whole natural section is organized according to the sequence of events, and some materials are organized according to the time sequence or azimuth sequence. 5. Turning relationship: the meanings of all levels in a paragraph are different from affirmation and negation, and there are obvious turning words such as "can" or "but" to spread information respectively:
For a paragraph or an article, there must be some writing logic, so that the article can be clear.
Commonly used logic can be divided into two types: (1) Interpretation order: space, time, development of things, etc. (2) Construction method: total score, total score, commitment, juxtaposition, etc. To write a good article, we must first grasp the characteristics of the object of interpretation, and then the most important thing is to use a reasonable interpretation order.
The so-called reasonable interpretation order refers to the order that can fully express the characteristics of things or things themselves, and it is also the order that conforms to people's understanding of things and things. The common order of interpretation is: chronological order, spatial order, logical order, etc.
The correct order can correctly sort out the ideas of the article and help readers understand. In narrative texts, such as expository texts, the order of interpretation is more important. Many articles in the textbook are very distinctive in text structure, such as total score and small paragraphs, echo from beginning to end and so on. This is the "style" of the article.
There are many subjects involved in the text, so it is very important for students to understand the writing structure of different articles and play a demonstration role in grasping the whole writing, so the teacher's "guidance" is particularly important. Take a paragraph as a training point and learn the way of paragraph construction.
Although the paragraph structure of primary school texts is different, as long as we attach importance to paragraph teaching, we can find regular paragraphs as "examples" of key teaching, which will play a role in the process of "learning paragraphs and writing paragraphs". For example, in reading teaching, teachers should let students know what happened, what happened, what the result was, and how paragraphs in the text describe the development of things.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-the way to build paragraphs.
2. In a short passage, there are several common ways to construct a paragraph:
1. Total score relationship: first summarize the main content of the whole paragraph with a general sentence, and then divide it from several different aspects around this sentence. It includes: ① division first, then total; 2 points first, then points; ③ Total-Divide-Total.
2. Coordinate relationship: In a paragraph, write several aspects around the same meaning. There is no primary and secondary distinction between sentences, but they exist side by side.
3. Causality: Generally, a paragraph has two meanings: one is to write the reason, and the other is to write the result. The two constitute a causal relationship, some have consequences first, and some have consequences first.
4. Undertaking relationship: All natural sections organize materials in the order of development, and some in the order of time or orientation. 5. Turning relation: The meanings of all levels in a paragraph are different from those of affirmation and negation, and there are obvious turning words such as "but" or "but".
3. The structure of the article includes internal structure and external structure: (1) The internal structure mainly refers to the ideas and clues that constitute the article, and it is the expression of the internal logic of the article in the article. Thinking is the route of thinking and thinking activities when a writer writes; Clues are the people, things, things, feelings and reasons that writers use to connect the ideological content of the full text. In specific writing, there are various forms of ideas and clues. There are two main internal structures: 1 and subjective structure. This structure organizes materials according to the author's ideological understanding, the order and change of psychological activities. Mainly includes: ① Emotional structure. This is a way for writers to organize materials and express themselves according to their subjective feelings and emotional changes. For example, the oath of land ② speculative structure. Its characteristics are as follows. Rational analysis is structured, such as critical articles written according to "asking questions", "analyzing problems", "solving problems" or "presenting fallacies", "refuting fallacies" and "breaking fallacies". Talk about backbone (3) stream of consciousness structure. Writers organize materials according to the flow of their own consciousness. The content of this structure is usually "inner monologue" and "free association". And "symbolic hints." 2. Objective structure. This structure is based on the internal structure of objective things and has obvious characteristics of "imitation system". Mainly includes: ① spatio-temporal structure. The author organizes and arranges the materials according to the time and space of the emergence, development and disappearance of objective things, without any changes or changes. For example, travel notes (2) character structure. The writer retains the structural characteristics of the original characters themselves. (3) the structure of things. The author organizes materials objectively according to the internal structure of things themselves. (2) The external structure mainly refers to the external existence form of an article. Its structure mainly includes: ① vertical structure. From the beginning, it followed the "downstream" or "downstream" direction. Layer by layer to the end. ② Transverse structure. From beginning to end, all levels are in the form of parallel columns. ③ Staggered structure. That is, the materials are arranged in a crisscross way, with vertical as the main and horizontal as the auxiliary or horizontal as the main and vertical as the auxiliary. ④ Chain structure. Related materials are organized by interlocking a ring. ⑤ Pregnancy structure. A structure contains other structural forms, such as a large structure containing small and medium-sized structures. This is the structure of the story. The main contents of the external structure are: levels and paragraphs, transition and reference, beginning and end. Levels and paragraphs are the order of the meanings of all levels in an article, which marks the steps and order of the development of the content of the article. The theme of an article can be clearly expressed in several levels, and each level is a level. The level is also called "Italian paragraph". A paragraph is a relatively independent unit that expresses a complete meaning. It is subordinate to the arrangement of levels and is the concrete expression of levels. Often referred to as "natural paragraphs". The level and paragraphs of the article are the periodic reflection of the development law of objective things and people's thinking and understanding process, and are also determined by the particularity of the article itself. The arrangement of levels and paragraphs can distinguish priorities, clarify the context, and make the article step by step and structure into a coherent organism. Levels and paragraphs are both related and different. The hierarchy is the whole. Sometimes the content of a level is very simple and only needs a paragraph to explain. At this time, levels and paragraphs are consistent in form. Start and end? The beginning and the end are important signs reflecting the structural integrity of the article. They must be unified in a complete structure and cannot be divorced from the theme or central idea. There are many ways to start, such as: straight to the point; Reveal the content; Explain the motivation or purpose of writing; Tell the personnel directly, write the scenery and render the atmosphere; Lyrics infect readers; Monologue or dialogue; Quote leads to discussion or narration, and so on. There are also many ways to end, such as: point the topic; Summarize the full text; Call or hope; Implicit or questioning; Handle loops by opening expressions; Clean and neat, come to an abrupt end; And so on. What kind of beginning and ending to use depends on the needs of theme and content, different article genres and different readers. Write succinctly and forcefully, and strive for novelty and vividness.
4. What are the structural forms of a work? 1. Time series narrative refers to the narrative according to the sequence of events.
This is one of the most commonly used and basic narrative methods, which can start and end clearly, and people in the event can also explain clearly, and the cause and effect naturally change. The context of the event is clear and the reader can see it at a glance.
In chronological order, that is, in the order of occurrence, development and end of events, in the narration of many events, the first one appears first, the second one appears later, and everything is in the order of occurrence and development of events. Second, flashback refers to using the end of an event or a wonderful fragment at the beginning of an article, and then writing it according to the occurrence and development of the event. This is called flashback.
Flashback can cause suspense, make writing ups and downs, affect readers' tracing to the source, and have a strong attraction to reading. Third, narrative, also known as plain narrative, is a kind of parallel narrative or cross narrative, which refers to the narrative of two or more things at the same time and in different places, that is, the method of "letting a hundred flowers blossom, each showing a branch" often used in popular novels. Narrative can make complex things clear, highlight the atmosphere, and cause the multi-line interleaving of the article, which has a three-dimensional effect.
4. Interpolation refers to interrupting the original narrative due to special requirements, inserting central events or content related to the theme, and continuing the original narrative after the end. There are many interpolation methods, such as "retrospective narration", such as recalling the past; There is a so-called "supplementary narrative", such as making necessary supplements and explanations to relevant people or things; There is a so-called "reverse narrative", such as tracing the relevant content from today to the present, from near to far. If you want to innovate the topic composition, you must call a variety of narrative methods.
In addition to the above narrative methods, the article can also be divided into chronological order, spatial order, logical order and stream of consciousness order. However, no matter what narrative method is used, its main purpose is to make the narrative coherent and distinct.
In order to combine the selected materials into an organic and unified composition in the examination room, it is necessary to break the traditional material organization form and attract examiners in a novel and ingenious form, so as to win surprises and impress new people. Unique forms of expression can make the carefully packaged senior high school entrance examination composition full of aura and charm.
Looking at the perfect composition of the senior high school entrance examination in recent years, it provides many fresh and natural structural forms for our composition: 1, and the story is newly edited and continued. For example, in the 2006 Henan volume, a candidate took the fairy tale style as the topic, gave full play to the advantages of fairy tale style, transcended time and space restrictions, expanded rich associations, flapped his imagination wings, flew freely in heaven and earth, and expressed the author's own thoughts with the help of answers and comments from human beings and gods.
In 2004, the title of Shanxi Volume was Commitment. One examinee boldly interpreted the story of Journey to the West with the title of "Eight quit and Wukong doing business", which was novel and unique. There are also candidates in Jiangxi who continue to write stories based on Hu Shi's biography of Mr. Almost, which is intriguing.
2. Various reports. In 2004, the title of the Guangdong Paper was "Sound", and one examinee took "Experimental Report on Laughter" as the title. The full text shows the author's good conception talent from the aspects of experimental time, experimental instruments, experimental steps, experimental phenomena, experimental conclusions, structural arrangement or genre of drug treatment after the experiment.
The whole composition "Patient Wu's Physical Examination Report" imitates surnames with homophonic puns, and describes various manifestations and characteristics of "insincerity" from four aspects: seeing a doctor, taking pulse, fluoroscopy and blood sample collection. It is completely written in the form of a doctor's physical examination report. There are also investigation reports, study reports, job search reports and other forms.
3. Geometry problem solving formula. In 2004, Shaanxi's perfect composition "Commitment is Gold" was inspired by solving math problems. It creatively uses the structural form of "proving geometric problems", writes in the format of "known", "verified", "proved" and "conclusion", and skillfully combines mathematical proof with composition, making the structure novel and refined, which is refreshing.
4. diary style. Around a theme, show the whole process of the event with a clear concept of time.
Diary is a true reflection of a person's mind, so this style can not only attract readers and enhance the sense of reality, but also avoid simple narrative forms in writing. In 2006, Henan got full marks in the composition "I formed a good habit". The full text consists of five diaries and is a complete story. It describes the whole process from hating keeping a diary to liking keeping a diary and forming a good habit of keeping a diary.
5. Parts are connected in series. Just like the film shooting method, the material of the article around the theme will be captured in many directions or even at will, so that the whole event will be isolated, from one-sided to comprehensive, forming a whole.
Each shot is marked with a subtitle or serial number, which can give people a clear and organized feeling and avoid monotonous transition. In 2006, a candidate in Changsha focused on Tian, and combined their shots with the theme of "Passing Love-Touching China's Memories", from which we can see the young author's innovative ability.
There is also a perfect composition in Shanxi, with the subheadings of "Flowers in Spring", "Green Grass in Summer", "Fruitful Fruits in Autumn" and "Silver in White-Winter". According to the order of the four seasons, it is written that I have learned to compete from it, and I have hope. I only have to pay, not forgetting the history and cherishing the present, and the structure is rigorous. Similar to this form, there are scattered points, subtitles, lens combinations and other forms.
6. Correspondence. In 2006, Yiyang volume was titled "Gratitude", and one examinee wrote my feelings in the form of letters with the title of "Thank you letter from the angel of love", which was sincere and sincere.
In 2004, a candidate in Hangzhou wrote a psychological confession to others in the form of letters from two places (a letter from student Xiao Li to teacher Ma and a letter from teacher Ma to student Xiao Li), which was novel in style and ingenious in structure. This form is easy to express emotions, appears cordial and true, and is easy to impress readers.
7 poetry combination. The combination of poetry and prose is to add not too many poems before or after the article to form a perfect combination of poetry and prose.
The point of attention in this form is: the number of lines in the poem should not be too many, and it is best to be within ten lines. In addition, the content of the poem should be consistent with the content of the article, and it should express the meaning for the article.
5. How to write a paragraph at the beginning of the composition Some people say that a good beginning is half the success of the composition, which shows the importance of the beginning of the article. Similarly, a good beginning is also of great significance to the composition of the senior high school entrance examination, because as a marking teacher, the first thing you see is "it".
Due to the limitation of time and space, the beginning of the examination composition should be concise, vivid and beautiful, and the following methods can be considered.
The so-called "straight to the point" is a figurative statement, which refers to a way of writing directly into the subject when writing an article. This method is widely used in all kinds of articles, accounting for a large proportion. Its expression angle can be from the starting point to the end point, or from the starting point to the end point; It can be to reveal the main idea of the article at the beginning, or to get to the point and understand the enemy's situation, and so on. Because it is crisp, quick and vivid, it should be the first choice at the beginning of the composition in the examination room.
The most common "straight to the point" is as follows:
First of all, clue types are usually used at the beginning of a story. In order to start a touching story or express delicate and rich emotions, the author often leads the clues of the article naturally and directly in a kind tone.
Second, the element type is also often used at the beginning of the narrative, which explains the time, place, characters, plot and other elements of the narrative content from the beginning, so that readers can have a general understanding of the content of the article at the beginning.
Third, the plot style. The story unfolds directly without any foreshadowing and rendering, which makes the article fascinating and stimulates readers' interest in reading.
6. How to write a paragraph at the beginning of the composition Some people say that a good beginning is half the success of the composition, which shows the importance of the beginning of the article. Similarly, a good beginning is also of great significance to the composition of the senior high school entrance examination, because as a marking teacher, the first thing you see is "it". Due to the limitation of time and space, the beginning of the composition in the examination room is concise, vivid and beautiful. The following opening modes can be considered. The so-called "straight to the point" is a figurative statement, which refers to a way of writing directly into the subject when writing an article. This method is widely used in the writing of all kinds of articles, accounting for a large proportion. Its expression angle can be the direct narration at the beginning or the pen. You can reveal the main idea of the article at the beginning, or you can come straight to the point and tell the enemy clearly, and so on. Because this kind of writing is crisp, quick, clear and distinct, it should be the first choice at the beginning of the composition in the examination room. The most common "straight to the point" is as follows: first, the clue type is often used at the beginning of the narrative. In order to start a moving story or express delicate and rich emotions, the author. Nature leads directly to the clues of the article. Second, the element type is also often used at the beginning of the narrative, explaining the time, place, characters, plot and other elements of the narrative content, so that readers can have a general understanding of the content of the article at the beginning. Third, adopt the plot type, deduce the topic at the beginning, and unfold the story directly without any bedding and rendering, thus making the article fascinating and inspiring readers.
7. What is the structure of spatial order? First, time series narrative refers to the narrative in the order of events.
This is one of the most commonly used and basic narrative methods, which can start and end clearly, and people in the event can also explain clearly, and the cause and effect naturally change. The context of the event is clear and the reader can see it at a glance.
In chronological order, that is, according to the sequence of events' occurrence, development and ending, in the narration of many events, the first one appears first, and the second one appears later, and everything is in the order of events' occurrence and development. Second, flashback refers to using the end of an event or a wonderful fragment at the beginning of an article, and then writing it according to the occurrence and development of the event. This is called flashback.
Flashback can cause suspense, make writing ups and downs, affect readers' tracing to the source, and have a strong attraction to reading. Third, narrative, also known as plain narrative, is a kind of parallel narrative or cross narrative, which refers to the narrative of two or more things at the same time and in different places, that is, the method of "letting a hundred flowers blossom, each showing a branch" often used in popular novels. Narration can make complex things clear and the atmosphere prominent, resulting in multi-line interleaving, clear context and three-dimensional effect of the article.
4. Interpolation refers to interrupting the original narrative due to special requirements, inserting central events or content related to the theme, and continuing the original narrative after the end. There are many interpolation methods, such as "retrospective narration", such as recalling the past; There is a so-called "supplementary narrative", such as making necessary supplements and explanations to relevant people or things; There is a so-called "reverse narrative", such as tracing the relevant content from today to the present, from near to far. If you want to innovate the topic composition, you must call a variety of narrative methods.
In addition to the above narrative methods, the article can also be divided into chronological order, spatial order, logical order and stream of consciousness order. However, no matter what narrative method is used, its main purpose is to make the narrative coherent and distinct.
In order to combine the selected materials into an organic and unified composition in the examination room, it is necessary to break the traditional material organization form and attract examiners in a novel and ingenious form, so as to win surprises and impress new people. Unique forms of expression can make the carefully packaged senior high school entrance examination composition full of aura and charm.
Looking at the perfect composition of the senior high school entrance examination in recent years, it provides many fresh and natural structural forms for our composition: 1, and the story is newly edited and continued. For example, in the 2006 Henan volume, a candidate took the fairy tale style as the topic, gave full play to the advantages of fairy tale style, transcended time and space restrictions, expanded rich associations, flapped his imagination wings, flew freely in heaven and earth, and expressed the author's own thoughts with the help of answers and comments from human beings and gods.
In 2004, the title of Shanxi Volume was Commitment. One examinee boldly interpreted the story of Journey to the West with the title of "Eight quit and Wukong doing business", which was novel and unique. There are also candidates in Jiangxi who continue to write stories based on Hu Shi's biography of Mr. Almost, which is intriguing.
2. Various reports. In 2004, the title of the Guangdong Paper was "Sound", and one examinee took "Experimental Report on Laughter" as the title. The full text shows the author's good conception talent from the aspects of experimental time, experimental instruments, experimental steps, experimental phenomena, experimental conclusions, structural arrangement or genre of drug treatment after the experiment.
The whole composition "Patient Wu's Physical Examination Report" imitates surnames with homophonic puns, and describes various manifestations and characteristics of "insincerity" from four aspects: seeing a doctor, taking pulse, fluoroscopy and blood sample collection. It is completely written in the form of a doctor's physical examination report. There are also investigation reports, study reports, job search reports and other forms.
3. Geometry problem solving formula. In 2004, Shaanxi's perfect composition "Commitment is Gold" was inspired by solving math problems. It creatively uses the structural form of "proving geometric problems", writes in the format of "known", "verified", "proved" and "conclusion", and skillfully combines mathematical proof with composition, making the structure novel and refined, which is refreshing.
4. diary style. Around a theme, show the whole process of the event with a clear concept of time.
Diary is a true reflection of a person's mind, so this style can not only attract readers and enhance the sense of reality, but also avoid simple narrative forms in writing. In 2006, Henan got full marks in the composition "I formed a good habit". The full text consists of five diaries and is a complete story. It describes the whole process from hating keeping a diary to liking keeping a diary and forming a good habit of keeping a diary.
5. Parts are connected in series. Just like the film shooting method, the material of the article around the theme will be captured in many directions or even at will, so that the whole event will be isolated, from one-sided to comprehensive, forming a whole.
Each shot is marked with a subtitle or serial number, which can give people a clear and organized feeling and avoid monotonous transition. In 2006, a candidate in Changsha focused on Tian, and combined their shots with the theme of "Passing Love-Touching China's Memories", from which we can see the young author's innovative ability.
There is also a perfect composition in Shanxi, with the subheadings of "Flowers in Spring", "Green Grass in Summer", "Fruitful Fruits in Autumn" and "Silver in White-Winter". According to the order of the four seasons, it is written that I have learned to compete from it, and I have hope. I only have to pay, not forgetting the history and cherishing the present, and the structure is rigorous. Similar to this form, there are scattered points, subtitles, lens combinations and other forms.
6. Correspondence. In 2006, Yiyang volume was titled "Gratitude", and one examinee wrote my feelings in the form of letters with the title of "Thank you letter from the angel of love", which was sincere and sincere.
In 2004, a candidate in Hangzhou wrote a psychological confession to others in the form of letters from two places (a letter from student Xiao Li to teacher Ma and a letter from teacher Ma to student Xiao Li), which was novel in style and ingenious in structure. This form is easy to express emotions, appears cordial and true, and is easy to impress readers.
7 poetry combination. The combination of poetry and prose is to add not too many poems before or after the article to form a perfect combination of poetry and prose.
The point of attention in this form is: the number of lines in the poem should not be too many, and it is best to be within ten lines. In addition, the content of the poem should be consistent with the content of the article, and it should express the meaning for the article.