The first step is to grasp the breakthrough point of interpreting poetry based on the relevant background.
Most of the modern poems selected in junior high school textbooks are short in chapters and clear in words, which are easy for students to understand. Because of this, it is often easy to read only its surface and ignore part of its connotation. In order for students to understand the connotation of poetry, it is essential to understand the background of the work-this is the key to correctly interpret the poetic thought. Some People by Tibetan writers (some thoughts in memory of Lu Xun) is an excellent modern short poem. The contrast in the poem is obvious, and the two opposing people in the poem are also easy to understand. But if there is no "knowledge" as a teaching foreshadowing, it is not so easy to grasp the behavior and spiritual essence of the two people in the poem.
Therefore, students should learn as much as possible about Lu Xun before class, such as his life experience, classic reading, world evaluation and so on. During the break, before reading the text, we can focus on "looking on coldly and being a willing ox" to arouse students' admiration for Lu Xun's spirit. With this emotional foreshadowing, the teacher will talk about the background of the author's creation of this poem, and the teaching of this poem will have a good start. Students will have a good understanding of their attitude towards the people, their life goals, their influence on society and the significance of commemorating Lu Xun. Similarly, Guo Moruo's "The Market in the Sky" is also full of romance, but if there is no "cold as iron" for China after the May 4th Movement! Black as paint! It's bloody! "If you don't understand Guo Moruo's great anger, frustration and sadness at that time, students may only read the superficial beauty in the poem, but it is difficult to interpret his dissatisfaction with the dark reality at that time, his pursuit of freedom and happiness, and his yearning for the ideal world from the poem.
"A good beginning is half the battle", based on the relevant background, plays a great role in helping students understand the author's creative intention and grasp the image and thought in poetry. But this is just the beginning. The highlight of modern poetry teaching lies in the process of reading poetry.
The second step is to appreciate the linguistic beauty of poetry on the basis of reading.
Poetry is the cutting-edge of language art, and modern poetry is concise in language, vivid in image and full of musical beauty.
Yu Guangzhong's homesickness: when I was a child, homesickness/was a small stamp, and I/was here and my mother/was there. When I grow up, homesickness/is a narrow boat ticket, with me/here and the bride/there. Later, homesickness/was a low grave, with me/outside and my mother/inside. Now, homesickness/is a bay/shallow strait, and I/am here, the mainland/there.
The sentence pattern of the poem is even and neat, full of twists and turns, singing and sighing.
In guiding reading, students should not only correctly read the rhythm of pronunciation, but also pronounce the words clearly, with emphasis and rhythm, so as to "sing" the author's deep attachment to the motherland and ancestors expressed in musical language. Even so, because each student's aesthetic angle and expression are different, poetry reading should allow individuals to have different understandings of its rhythm and rhyme, and students should be encouraged to read in their most proud way, instead of being thrown in the prescribed shelf, creating an artificial "chorus" and "neatness", which is inhuman.
In He Jingzhi's "Back to Yan 'an", "Du Fuchuan sings/Liu Lin laughs, and the red flag flutters/waves. White belly towel/red belt, relatives/Yanhe welcome. If you are full of words/can't say it, jump into the arms of your loved ones and let the students read passionately. " Bo Qiwen/Laorenshan, Clouds Covering the Jiangshan/Wannian "Guilin Landscape Song? -Fuboshan/Huandong, Zhu Bao waits/knocks on the door ... "This is like endless historical vicissitudes and feelings in the long river of history, which makes students read deeply and slowly, just like a mountain stream ... Reading is an important support for appreciating poetry and a material condition for interpreting the artistic conception of poetry.
In Homesickness, the "small stamps" bearing the consolation of the poet's attachment to his mother when he was a child, the "narrow boat ticket" bearing the poet's lovesickness and his lover, the "handful of loess" blocking the poet's meeting with his mother, and the "shallow bay" symbolizing the deep scars of the ancient Chinese nation. The heavy separation of one end and the other end is the basis of reading. On this basis, students are guided to appreciate poetry.
The third step is to understand the deep meaning of poetry with emotion as the main line.
It can be said that there is no poetry without feelings. The author's feelings are embodied in poetry, and the feelings of poetry are contained between the lines.
Take Yu Guangzhong's homesickness as an example: "small stamps" bear the poet's childhood attachment, and the poet is comforted by his mother in the exchange of information; The Narrow Boat Ticket bears the poet's love and snuggling to his lover, and in the communication, the poet fills the emotional gap; The loess blocked the meeting between the poet and his mother. Where will the poet's heart go? ..... These strong feelings of the poet are reflected in the "small", "narrow", "short" and "shallow" in the poem.
On the basis of reading aloud, guide students to appreciate the ups and downs of emotional waves highlighted by the author between the lines and the deep meaning of poetry. It should be pointed out that poetry is not only the carrier of "expressing ambition" and "expressing emotion", but also its language connotation is bound to be rich and complicated. As the saying goes, "Poetry is beyond words", then we should be allowed to have subjective opinions on "body and emotion" in the interpretation of "ambition" and "emotion". Wang Fuzhi in Qing Dynasty said: "Poets have the same thoughts, and readers are complacent with their feelings". The appreciation of modern poetry teaching should be based on students' self-thinking, so that "the poem in the poet's heart" will eventually become "the poem in my heart".
In poetry teaching, we should pay special attention to students' unique experience of poetry connotation according to their own life experience, which may produce creative sparks. He Jingzhi wrote at the beginning of Guilin Landscape Song:/God in the clouds,/Fairy in the fog, the mountain of Guilin! Love is the same/deep, dreams are the same/beautiful, and love is like a dream/the water of Lijiang River! The words "God", "Fairy", "Love" and "Dream" in the poem all have fairy eyes, which are dreamlike, confusing and wonderful. No one has ever seen a fairy, but the looming fairy image evokes people's elusive beauty in the clouds, and their feelings and dreams are also uncertain. In teaching, students need to have their own independent understanding and imagination, so that they can understand "God", "Fairy", "Emotion" and "Dream" with their own aesthetic vision. Similarly, when teachers appreciate middle school students' feelings for the poets in Homesickness, they should also grasp the students' instantaneous light and capture their emotional association and imagination, so as to achieve the teaching purpose.
The fourth step is to fly the wings of thinking and taste the artistic conception of poetry.
The so-called "infinite poetry". "Environment" is the image of Mao Zedong. In Snow, the artistic conception of "dancing a silver snake on the mountain, like a wax elephant, wants to compete with God" is magnificent.
Only by guiding students into the "artistic conception" of poetry can we truly taste the poetic beauty of works and cultivate students' artistic appreciation ability. How does modern poetry teaching guide students to taste the "realm" of poetry? The most direct way is to show the intuitive images and pictures of poetry and inspire students to associate and imagine. Just like enjoying Mao Zedong's "Qinyuanchun"? Snow ",supplemented by the picture of" thousands of miles frozen in the north, snow drifting in Wan Li ",assumes that the poet stands at the highest place in the Ai Plateau, looks around and sees and thinks, so as to taste the poet in the space of" up, down, inside and outside "and in the time of Qin, Han, Tang and Song Dynasties.
Secondly, guiding students to feel the beauty of poetry and rhyme bit by bit from the taste of poetic language is also a good way to avoid air appreciation in teaching. For example, appreciating Yu Guangzhong's Homesickness will guide students to cling to several simple images extracted by the poet: stamps, boat tickets, tombs and straits, and integrate these images with simple words such as "this" and "that", closely link people, events, time and space that are isolated from each other, taste the distance and connection that is absent, and make students feel homesick, parting and connected in their hearts. The process of poetry appreciation needs thinking, and thinking allows openness and individuality. However, it should be noted that an open interpretation does not mean a random interpretation, but an interpretation close to the original intention, so it is necessary to minimize misunderstandings that misinterpret the original intention. For example, the key to avoid misinterpretation is to grasp the relevant background to interpret the above content. The interpretation of poetry should not be arbitrary without losing the standard, but "possible" multiple interpretations of some poems with rich and complex connotations, and analysis from different angles, so as to find the interpretation that is most in line with the original intention, rather than staying away from or sticking to the comments on poetry. Reading poems and articles is only at the level of "learning", and the essence of Chinese teaching is to let students express their lives in words. The teaching of modern poetry should also be based on this fundamental principle, from learning to using.
The fifth step is to show the poetry in your heart based on life.
It should be said that in the past, our Chinese teaching paid insufficient attention to the creative practice of modern poetry, and many composition requirements for the senior high school entrance examination had obvious restrictions-"style is not limited (except poetry)". Under the guidance of the examination baton, teachers seldom encourage students to express their lives in "poetic" language, or even stifle their writing. It is feasible for junior middle school students to try to write poems. First of all, in theory, students are encouraged to live poetically and have good wishes for the care of the world, society, the world and life, so that students can understand that our emotional life is a life of feeling interesting and beautiful existence, a life far from vulgarity, meanness and ignorance and moving towards elegance, exquisiteness and wisdom;
Secondly, it is not difficult to understand modern poetry in words, and it is not difficult to enter the state of poetry. After a lot of reading and reciting, students can easily enter the creative atmosphere and poetry.
Third, guide students to observe life with poetic eyes, encourage them to play their own association and imagination, grasp some distinctive and meaningful images, form wonderful pictures, moisten and inject their passion, and express their understanding and feelings about something, something and an object. The extension of modern poetry classroom teaching should be combined with the extension of life, and guide students to learn to perceive and express life in the language of poetry, even if it is sadness, helplessness and sigh. Teachers should start from a simple place, get rid of the fear of difficulties, boldly guide students to try and take the lead in improvising poetry. At the beginning, as long as you break through the restrictions of ideological rules and regulations, you should write beautiful sentences that you want to come up with, even if there is only one sentence, you should fully affirm them, and then you should arrange them in a row according to the rhythm of the melody. Finally, we put forward the problem of properly considering the approximate rhyme of the final words in complex sentences or complex sentences.